Spectrophotometric Method For Analysis Research Articles

INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL FLOCCULANTS FOR USE IN WASTEWATER PURIFICATION PROCESSES

Contaminated industrial wastewater significantly reduces the volume of drinking water. A wide range of composition and insufficient treatment of wastewater from enterprises such as the textile, chemical or metalworking industries, which often fall into water bodies, negatively affect the state of aquatic ecosystems, and that is why it is necessary to carefully select the optimal treatment method. Among the types of wastewater treatment, the coagulation-flocculation process has gained considerable popularity, which occurs due to the adhesive and adsorption properties of coagulants and flocculants, which is widely used in the purification technologies of both natural and industrial wastewater from colloidal particles, radionuclides, phosphates, dyes and suspended particles. Coagulants are able to hydrolyze in water with the formation of various coagulation structures with high adsorption and adhesion properties, flocculants, in turn, contribute to the formation of flakes, sedimentation and filtration, stabilize the cleaning process, improve quality and increase the efficiency of equipment. During the experimental work, the employees of the Department of Chemical Technology and Water Treatment established the advantages of using natural flocculants in the process of wastewater treatment using colored model solutions as an example. A study was made of the influence on the degree of purification of such characteristics as the type of flocculant (for example, chitosan and sodium alginate) and coagulant (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O, ALS, PIX-318), the optimal dose of reagents, the type of dye (direct, active, dispersed) , settling time and content of residual ions. During the research, the Jar-test method was used, the essence of which is to simulate the process of floc formation, which is typical for industrial wastewater treatment plants. The study of the composition of model water samples was carried out using the spectrophotometric analysis method.

Investigation the influence of biologically active compounds on the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of red raspberry (Rubus idaeous l.) leaf extract

Abstract The aim of the study. To determine phenolic and organic acids compound profiles, and the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of raspberry leaf extract. Materials and methods. The object of the study was red raspberry leaf extract. The quantity of phenolic compounds was determined by applying a spectrophotometric method of analysis, whereas organic acids content was assessed by means of the alkalimetric method, while the antioxidant activity of the obtained extract was evaluated by employing the potentiometric method, and antibacterial and antifungal activity was ascertained through the wells method, and anti-inflammatory activity was found via carrageenan – induced paw edema assay. Results. The content of phenolic compounds was 18.45±0.37 mg/ml, catechins was 10.12±0.20 mg/ml, flavonoids was 3.32±0.07 mg/ml, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives was 2.39±0.05 mg/ml and organic acids was 7.25±0.15 mg/ml. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was 76.11±1.48 mmol-equiv./mres dry, which was higher by 32.80% than the reference drug „Ascorutin”. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was the most sensitive to the extract (25.00±0.00 mm), whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant (21.67 ±0.66 mm). Treatment with red raspberry leaf extract at 1 ml/kg showed a significant edema reduction at 1, 2 and 3 h at 38.8, 41.8 and 48.8%, compared with the saline group. Conclusian. The present study indicated that red raspberry leaf extract possesses antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, red raspberry leaves are a promising source of bioactive substances that can be used for further developing medicines in the treatment and prevention of lifestyle diseases.

Eco-friendly spectrophotometric methods for determination of remdesivir and favipiravir; the recently approved antivirals for COVID-19 treatment

Remdesivir (REM) and Favipiravir (FAV) are recently approved antivirals prescribed in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Therefore, development of new, simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective methods for analysis of such drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations will be highly advantageous. Herein, we have developed different spectrophotometric methods for analysis of the studied analytes. Method I is based on direct spectrophotometric analysis of REM and FAV in ethanol at λmax 244 and 323 nm, respectively. For simultaneous quantitation of REM and FAV, methods II-V were followed. Method II is based on derivative spectrophotometry in which REM was determined in second-order derivative spectra at 248 nm (the zero-crossing wavelength for FAV), while FAV was measured in first-order derivative spectra at 337 nm (the zero-crossing point for REM). Method III is the dual-wavelength method in which spectral intensities were subtracted at 244–207 nm for REM and at 330–400 nm for FAV. Method IV is the ratio subtraction in which ratio spectra were obtained by a suitable divisor followed by subtraction of intensities at 272–340 nm and 335–222 nm for REM and FAV, respectively. Method V is the derivative ratio method in which the obtained ratio spectra in method IV were converted to first-order derivative and then REM and FAV were recorded at 280 and 340 nm, respectively. Calibration graphs were linear in the ranges of 1–10 µg/mL for REM through all methods and 1–20 µg/mL for FAV in methods I and II, and 2–20 µg/mL by the other methods. The evolved methods were applied to pharmaceutical dosage forms of REM and FAV. All the proposed methods were further applied to human plasma samples containing both drugs with acceptable mean recoveries.

Rapid Quantitative Determination Control Male Sexual Dysfunction Drug Content of Sildenafil and Tramadol Mixture by Spectrophotometry Along With Smart Chemometrics Approaches Compared to the HPLC Reference Method.

There are reports for the simultaneous estimation of sildenafil (SIL) and tramadol (TM) using chromatographic techniques. Some limitations of these methods are high cost and time, more usage of pollutant solvents, and complicated instruments. Simultaneous determination of SIL and TM in the anti-sexual dysfunction pharmaceutical formulation using rapid and smart chemometrics approaches along with spectrophotometry. In this study, a spectrophotometric analysis method based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT), partial least-squares (PLS), and radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) was presented. In the CWT method, the Symlet (Sym2) and Daubechies (db2) wavelet families with wavelengths of 268 and 221 nm were considered the best families for SIL and TM, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values were found to be 0.0185, 0.0054 μg/mL and 0.0458, 0.3092 μg/mL for SIL and TM, respectively. The mean recovery values were 101.06 and 101.49% for SIL and TM, respectively. The results of PLS revealed that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of SIL and TM was 0.0286 and 0.0635, respectively. Also, the mean recovery of both drugs was obtained over 99%. The mean square error (MSE) of RBF-NN was 5.88 × 10-29 and 4.61 × 10-27 for SIL and TM, respectively. A statistical comparative study conducted for the proposed methods with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique demonstrated no significant difference between these methods. The suggested approaches were simple, fast, accurate, and affordable. Three smart UV spectrophotometric methods based on chemometrics were presented to determine SIL and TM simultaneously. The efficient chemometrics methods, including CWT, PLS, and RBF-NN, were used. The mentioned methods are rapid, simple, inexpensive, and accurate. The comparison was performed between the proposed models and HPLC technique.

Disulfiram Inclusion Complexes - A Nebulization Approach to Fight COVID-19

Disulfiram (DS) has an excellent anti-viral activity; however, its low water-solubility and first-pass metabolism are limiting its clinical applications. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been used as solubility enhancers and carriers of DS proposed for inhalation to treat SARS-CoV-19. Two types of CDs (hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin) were used to form inclusion complexes with DS, and drug solubility was assessed using spectrophotometric analytical method. Formulations were freeze-dried and characterized using DSC, TGA and FTIR. Nebulization technique was used to assess the potential for generating aerosols. All inclusion complexes are proved to be suitable for inhalation, therefore, potentially effective therapy for further investigation against SARS-CoV-19 is shown. 

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE CONTENT USING UV- SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE

A Simple, definite, informal, rapid, precise and accurate UV Spectrophotometric analytical method have been developed and Validated for estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide formulation drug. Hydrochlorothiazide showed the absorption maxima in at 271.0 nm and was linear for a range of 5µg/ml-25µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The validation for the proposed analytical method was performed by using precision and accuracy-recovery studies. The analytical method showed good Intra precision (Repeatability) with relative standard deviation 0.563% and Inter precision with relative standard deviation is 0.634% which is within 2. The percentage of accuracy-recovery for three different levels i.e. 50%, 100% and 150% was found to be 50.1%, 99.5% and 151.1% respectively. The proposed analytical method was validated for the parameter Specificity, Precision, Linearity and range, Ruggedness, Accuracy and recovery. Hence projected analytical method for estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide formulation drug using UV spectrophotometer in pharmaceutical can be functional for the routine excellent analytical study.

Spectrophotometric analysis of carvedilol in a medication based on aquacomplex of titanium glycerosolvate

Aim to develop a methodology for quantitative spectrophotometric analysis of carvedilol in the "Carvedilosol" medication based on aquacomplex of titanium glycerosolvate.
 Material and methods. During the analysis we used the pharmaceutical substance "Carvedilol", gel "Tizol", ointment "Carvedilosol" consisting of 0.5% beta-blocker in titanium glycerohydrogel. The spectrophotometry was applied, registration of optical density and electron spectra was performed on spectrophotometer SF-2000. The following parameters were chosen for validation of the methodology: specificity, linearity, precision, correctness.
 Results. It is reasonable to analyze Carvedilol at a wavelength of 243 nm with the limit of quantitative determination of 0.761 g/ml. The results of the study showed that the weight of carvedilol in the ointment is within acceptable limits (0.0404-0.0548 g) according to the regulatory documentation for soft dosage forms (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 751n dated 26.10.2015).
 Conclusion. Optimal conditions for the implementation of spectrophotometric method of analysis were selected for detection of the content of carvedilol in the ointment "Carvedilosol" with a relative error not exceeding 1.80 %.

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF IVABRADINE HCl AND BISOPROLOL FUMARATE BY UV-SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD

A simple UV spectrophotometric analytical method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Ivabradine HCl and Bisoprolol used in the treatment of angina pectoris. Modied simultaneous equation method was developed with double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer using water as a solvent. The method was found to be linear in the range of 4-16 µg/ ml of Bisoprolol and 08-32 µg/ ml of Ivabradine. Percentage recovery for bisoprolol and Ivabradine by this method was found in the range of 96.43-100.60% and 95.80-100.10 %, respectively. The method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, specicity and robustness as per ICH guideline. The method was applied for the estimation of laboratory prepared mixture and was found to be accurate and precise.

Activity measurement of arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase in activated sludge: HPLC-based versus classical spectrophotometric method.

Arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase are two important enzymes in wastewater and surface water, which play important roles on cleavage of sulfate/glucuronide estrogens. In this work, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based new method was firstly established for arylsulfatase/β-glucuronidase with determination of p-nitrophenyl sulfate (pNPS)/p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide (pNPG). The limits of detections (LODs) of the developed method for pNPS and pNPG were 0.164 and 0.098 μM, respectively. Intraday and interday reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) values of retention times and peak areas was 0.39%-3.68% and 0.23%-4.74%, respectively. The respective recovery efficiencies of this HPLC-based method spiking at three different concentrations for p-nitrophenol (pNP), pNPS, and pNPG in activated sludge were 76.5%-88.1%, 79.2%-93.1%, and 84.2%-96.1%, with RSD below 3.9%. The HPLC-based method was finally applied to estimate the enzyme activity of arylsulfatase/β-glucuronidase in one activated sludge system and along which the classical spectrophotometric method was also evaluated. Compared with the classic spectrophotometric analytical method, the HPLC-based new method could simultaneously measure arylsulfatase/β-glucuronidase one time, which was convenient and time-saving. Moreover, the developed method could effectively avoid possible underestimation that the spectrophotometric method might encounter. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A new HPLC-based method for activity estimation of arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase was developed. The HPLC-based method can simultaneously estimate enzyme activity of both arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase. The HPLC-based method can avoid possible underestimation that spectrophotometric method may encounter.

Dynamics of anthropogenic pollution of the Glubokaya River in the Rostov Region

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of deterioration of water quality in rivers in the Rostov region, their shallowing and drying out. The degradation of reservoirs is associated with various aspects of economic and industrial anthropogenic activities. The degree of influence depends on the intensity of the negative impact, and can be reduced if environmental measures are implemented.Problem Statement. The objective of this study is to monitor the water quality of the Glubokaya River in the Rostov region on different sections of the river and to assess the degree of anthropogenic impact.Theoretical Part. Water quality studies were carried out in three channels of the Glubokaya River on the territory of the cities of Millerovo and Kamensk-Shakhtinsk, as well as near them. The content of ammonia, phosphorus was determined by spectrophotometric analysis methods and petroleum products by IR photometric analysis method. The results of the study of water quality in the reservoir are compared with the normative values for three years with a certain periodicity.Conclusions. The results of the studies on changes in the chemical composition of water at various sites in dynamics, taking into account the degree of anthropogenic load, are analyzed.

Quantitative Analysis of Two Pharmaceutical Combinations Containing Amlodipine with Either Bisoprolol or Candesartan Using Different UV Spectrophotometric Methods.

Two fixed-dose combination tablets of amlodipine (AML) with bisoprolol (BIS) and amlodipine with candesartan (CAN) were recently approved for the treatment of hypertension. Three UV spectrophotometric analytical methods were developed for the estimation of the above drugs in their combination mixtures. For the AML and BIS mixture, AML was quantified directly by a zero-order spectrophotometric method at 360 nm without interference from BIS, whereas BIS was quantified by the ratio difference (RD) spectrophotometric method by calculating the difference between the amplitude values of the ratio spectra at 226 and 215 nm. For the AML and CAN mixture, AML was quantified directly by a zero-order spectrophotometric method at 360 nm without interference from CAN, whereas CAN was quantified by the first derivative of ratio spectra method by measuring the amplitude values of the derived spectra at 259 nm.BIS). The proposed methods were successfully applied for quantitative analysis of AML with BIS and AML with CAN in their synthetic laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical tablets with acceptable results in terms of accuracy and precision. Simple, accurate, and environmentally friendly spectrophotometric methods were described for selective determination of the investigated drugs in their fixed-dose combinations.

Determination and validation of spectrophotometric analytical method for quantification of total flavonoids in the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliacease) and optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) is a plant whose leaves present several pharmacological activities, among them: antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic. The present work aims to determine and validate a spectrophotometric analytical method for quantification of total flavonoids, expressed as rutin, in A. indica leaves and to optimize the extraction conditions of these flavonoids. For the selection of the spectrophotometric method, four analytical methods were investigated. The method selected as the most efficient, simple, fast and sustainable has been validated and optimized. The validation was performed according to criteria of national and international regulatory agencies. Box Behnken design (33) and the response surface methodology (RSM) were used to estimate the best extraction conditions. The analytical method that met the study criteria consisted of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of the plant material in hydroethanolic solution, at a temperature of 60 ºC, for 30 minutes, followed by filtration, dilution of the extract in ethanol/0.02 M acetic acid solution (99:1) and absorbance reading in a spectrophotometer at 364nm. In the validation stages, this method was shown to be linear (linear interval - 20 to 80 μg/mL), precise (intraday and interday), accurate (mean recovery of 120.8%), robust and selective (absence of matrix effect). The best conditions for the UAE process were: Ethanol content 30% (p/p), plant material/solvent ratio 0.2 g/mL and extraction time of 33 minutes. The spectrophotometric method and the UAE conditions determined in this study are suitable for use in the quality control of plant drugs and ethanol extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica.

Interphase distribution of a number of polybasic carboxylic acids in aqueous two-phase systems based on polyethylene glycol-1500

In this work, we studied the interphase distribution of a number of polybasic carboxylic acids, in particular, malic, succinic, glutaric, citric, ascorbic and tartaric in two-phase aqueous systems polyethylene glycol-1500 (PEG-1500) - sodium sulfate - water and PEG-1500 - ammonium sulfate - water. Using the spectrophotometric method of analysis, quantitative characteristics (interfacial distribution and degree of recovery) of the extraction of carboxylic acids were determined. In conclusion, it was found that the considered two-phase aqueous systems are promising in the process of extraction of polybasic carboxylic acids. In particular, the system polyethylene glycol 1500 - sodium sulfate - water has effective extraction properties for succinic malic and ascorbic acids. On the other hand, depending on the composition of the extraction systems, the quantitative characteristics for citric, glutaric and tartaric acids practically do not differ.

Создание и валидация способа количественного определения бисопролола в новой фармакологической композиции "Бисопролозоль"

Introduction. When developing new pharmacologically active compositions and introducing them into extemporaneous manufacturing and industrial production, a comprehensive study of the properties of the medicinal product applying modern methods of analysis combining high metrological characteristics, expressiveness, sensitivity, accuracy, availability, reliability is mandatory. Development of analytical methods for quality control of new drug compositions is an urgent task of modern pharmaceutical analysis. Aim. Development and validation of a method for quantitative determination of bisoprolol in a new pharmacological composition "Bisoprolozol". Material and methods. To perform the analysis, we used pharmaceutical substance bisoprolol fumarate, glycerol hydrophilic gel "Tizol", ointment "Bisoprolozol" consisting of 0,5% of selective beta-blocker in titanium-containing glycerohydrogel. During the experiment, spectrophotometer SF-2000 and the method of absorption spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region were used. Regression analysis of data obtained was performed in Microsoft Office Excel 2016 (OFS.1.1.0013.15 "Statistical processing of the results of chemical experiment"). The technique was evaluated according to validation parameters: specificity, linearity, correctness, and precision. Results. Studying the electronic spectral curves of bisoprolol we determined that its analysis is rationally performed at a wavelength of 274 nm (experimentally determined maximum absorption). In the course of the study we determined the sensitivity of the determination of the drug, which is equal to 5.260 µg/ml at A(min) = 0.02. The results of quantitative analysis of bisoprolol in the pharmacological composition "Bisoprolozol" showed that the mass of the selective blocker of adrenergic receptors (0.0409-0.0536 g) is within the acceptable limits according to the regulatory documentation for soft pharmaceutical forms (Order of the Russian Ministry of Health № 751n of 26.10.2015). Conclusion. In the present experiment, optimal conditions for the spectrophotometric method of analysis were selected, based on which the method of quantitative determination of bisoprolol in the new pharmacological composition "Bisoprolozol" with an error not exceeding ± 1.89 % was developed, validated and presented.

A microplate spectrophotometric method for analysis of indole-3-carbinol in dietary supplements using p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) as a chromogenic reagent.

This work presents the development of a microplate spectrophotometric method for determination of indole-3-carbinol in dietary supplements. The colorimetric procedure is based on the reaction of indole-3-carbinol with the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) reagent under acidic conditions. The absorbance of the colored product measured at 675 nm was used to determine the target analyte. To achieve optimal spectrophotometric performance, the DMACA reagent concentration, the hydrochloric acid concentration, and the reaction time were optimized. The developed technique performed well under the optimal conditions, with a linear calibration range of 30 to 300 mg L-1 and a high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.9954). The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 7.8 mg L-1 and 26.2 mg L-1, respectively. This approach demonstrated good repeatability (intra- and inter-day precision) with a % RSD lower than 9.4%, good accuracy with acceptable relative recoveries in the range of 98 to 106%, and high sample throughput (24 detection per min). This simple, rapid, and multi-sample analysis approach for routine analysis of indole-3-carbinol has the potential to be used for the quality control of dietary supplements.

Investigation of The Activity of Lipase Variants on Different 4-Nitrophenyl Esters by Spectrophotometric Assay

Microbial enzymes are important tools that are frequently used in the field of biotechnology. These microbial enzymes, which play a role in intracellular biological reactions, are used in many different industries. Lipase, proteases and amylases are important members of hydrolytic enzymes. Lipase enzyme, which has the most common usage area among hydrolytic enzymes, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds between lipid molecules. The activity of lipase enzyme is commonly measured by spectrophotometric method. P-nitrophenol esters are commonly preferred for kinetic analysis. In the spectrophotometric analysis method, the colored product is measured as a result of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenol ester substrates by the lipase enzyme. In this study, p-nitrophenyl acetate (Acetic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester), p-nitrophenyl butyrate (Butyric acid 4-nitrophenyl ester), p-nitrophenyl octanoate (Octanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester, 4 -Nitrophenyl caprylate), p-nitrophenyl dodecanoate (Dodecanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester), p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-Nitrophenyl palmitate, Hexadecanoic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester) substrates were used. The products formed as a result of incubation of substrates with different carbon lengths with lipase enzyme periods were measured spectrophotometrically. Trials were carried out at 25°C between 5min-120min. As a result of the experiments carried out in four repetitions, it was determined that the activity of the lipase enzyme varies according to the length of the carbon chain of the substrates. Vmax values of wild lipase enzyme were calculated as 0.42 U/mg protein, 0.95 U/mg protein, 1.1 U/mg protein, 0.78 U/mg protein, 0.18 U/mg protein for pNP-acetate, pNP-buritate, pNP-octanoate, pNP-dodecanoate, pNP-palmitate, respectively. It was determined that the activity of lipase enzyme on p-nitrophenyl palmitate was very low. It was determined that the activity of wild lipase enzyme on the eight-carbon chain pNP-octanoate substrate was higher than the other substrates.

Development of spectrophotometric method for analysis of mercaptopurine and dimercaprol for use in quality control and monitoring water pollution

In the present work, spectrophotometric method was developed for analysis of mercaptopurine and dimercaprol to be applied in quality control and monitoring water pollution. These drugs are used for the treatment of cancer and heavy metal poisoning respectively. Both mercaptopurine and dimercaprol react with colourless anhydrous manganese (II) acetate in DMSO to form soluble brown coloured complexes which showed λmax at 350 nm and 360nm during spectrophotometric analysis. This newly developed method was successfully applied for analysis of commercial drugs and spiked water. The recovery of these drugs from commercial formulations and spiked water samples was in the range between 98.0-99.7% with RSDs in the range 0.56-1.50% that indicated high degree of accuracy and precision of the method.

Proximate analysis, mineral element and total phenolic contents of some commonly consumed grains in Nigeria

Grains amongst other plant foods are known to be rich sources of phenolic compounds which are known to exhibit high antioxidant activity. In this study, eight selected grains; polished rice (Oryza sativa),  ofada rice (a peculiar rice specie cultivated in Ofada, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria), a wheat specie -Triticum aestivum, a millet specie - Eleusine coracana, two maize subspecies (white and yellow subspecies) - Zea mays subsp., and two sorghum subspecies (red and white subspecies) -Sorghum bicolor subsp., were analysed for the total phenolic content with the standard spectrophotometric method of analysis using garlic acid as a standard. In addition to this, mineral content and proximate composition (% ash, moisture, fat and protein) of each grain was also determined. Results revealed a total phenolic content range of 132 µg GAE/g and 2166 µg GAE/g for ofada rice and wheat respectively. Grains with high mineral contents (wheat and millet) as well as high nutritional values were observed to have the highest total phenolic content. This study provides needed information on benefits of common Nigerian grains, in terms of their nutritional composition, phenolic content, and levels of essential trace minerals.

DEVELOPMENT OF CLEANING METHOD VALIDATION TECHNIQUES FOR PIROXICAM AND TELMISARTAN

To determine effectiveness of cleaning, analytical methods were validated for piroxicam and telmisartan. The drugs were selected on the basis of solubility in water. Water is the major solvent used for cleaning of equipments. These drugs are practically insoluble in water, so they may leave product residue even after cleaning of the equipments and necessitate lot of water for cleaning. So, any analytical method used to determine the cleanliness should be effective. During analytical method validations, following parameters were evaluated i.e. linearity, specificity, LOQ, LOD, and recovery studies by swab sampling and rinse sampling techniques. The visual cleanliness criteria was also evaluated by spiking known amount of samples on SS plates. From the results it was concluded that the developed analytical method was sensitive and accurate. For piroxicam: UV spectrophotometric analytical method was developed which showed an absorption maxima λmax at 356 nm wavelength and linearity range 0 to 25 µg/mL. Recovery of drug from swab sampling and rinse sampling techniques were found satisfactory and within the acceptance criteria. For telmisartan, UV spectrophotometric analytical method was developed which showed an absorption maxima λmax at 226 nm wavelength and linearity range 0 to 10 µg/mL. Recovery of drug from swab sampling and rinse sampling techniques were found satisfactory and within the acceptance criteria

Analytical Method Validation and Quantitative Analysis for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Marketed Formulation of Teneligliptin Hydrobromide by UV Spectroscopy

A Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin hydrobromide is used for lowering blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus. A very straight forward, quick, responsive and accurate UV- Spectrophotometric method of analysis have been developed for assessment of Teneligliptin Hydrobromide in pharmaceutical formulation. Since teneligliptin hydrobromide only absorbs UV in the low wavelength area, it cannot be identify with high sensitivity. Teneligliptin Hydrobromide has shown successful results for various analytical instruments only in the permutation of Taurine and Sodium periodate. The API was derivatives using Taurine and Sodium periodate in water and methanol. Drug exhibited distinct λmax in methanol at 281nm. Linearity was observed in the concentration range 10-80 μg/ml. The method was validated by recovery studies. The methods used are inexpensive and sensitive for the inference of teneligliptin hydrobromide in bulk drug and tablet dosage forms.