Product Specificity Research Articles

IMPROVEMENT OF THE CLEANING SYSTEM OF OIL GAS FLOWS USING AN AERODYNAMIC INSERT

Air pollution is becoming a problem due to inefficient technological processes that accompany the mechanical processing of solid materials in various industries, including metalworking and woodworking, coal enrichment, coal burning in thermal power plants, metallurgy and construction materials industries. The problem is relevant for cement factories, since some of them use outdated equipment. Fine dust in this context becomes particularly important because the particle size of this dust affects the quality and grade of the concrete produced. Given the specifics of cement production and the goals of our research, which are to effectively collect small particles, it is important to note that wet cement production methods are not the best solution. The ideal solution for the problem of cleaning dust and gas flows in the cement industry is the use of a two-stage dust collection system, which combines an advanced cyclone and a bag filter. The system's periodic shaking mechanism allows for effective capture and control of fine dust particles, ensuring high quality cement production and reducing environmental impact. The combination of a cyclone, an acoustic coalescer and a block of bag filters, which is equipped with a periodic cleaning mechanism, as well as the addition of a system for collecting fine dust using a collector funnel, will split the collected dust into two fractions: fine (a = 10−5 to 10−7m) and coarse (a > 10-4m). The first fraction can be used to produce high-quality cement of high cost in the cement industry. The second fraction returns to the main technological process at its finishing stage.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ НАПРЯМИ СІЛЬСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ «AGRICULTURE 5.0»

The statistics have examined the problems of forming strategic directions of agricultural development in the minds of the formation of “Agriculture 4.0” and its transformation in “Agriculture 5.0” It is stated that when formulating strategic directions for the development of agricultural enterprises, it is important to highlight the specifics of agricultural production, noting that supply chains in the agricultural state are the flow of products, knowing and information and the involved parties (producers and producers) at the skin stage of production processes, marketing and production. The emphasis is placed on the fact that when forming strategic directions, the development of agro-business is necessary to ensure the influx of agricultural production into the country and the development of rural territories. It is clear that in the agricultural economy of Ukraine there are problems arising from the emergence of differences in size, economic efficiency, innovative readiness and capabilities of economical entities tiv, which will require importance on the national level of strategic directions of agricultural development for the promotion of the current state and the “Agriculture 5.0”. The emphasis is placed on the lack of directness of “Agriculture 4.0” (“Industry 4.0”) in addressing environmental and social problems in the context of the implementation of the goals of the current development. Obviously, the particularities of the agricultural business in Ukraine have been brought to the attention of the need to implement a strategy for the development of farming states as the basis for food security and a rural-saving model of state rule. Meta-research – focusing on strategic directions in the development of farming dominions in the context of the security of minds and the formation of “Agriculture 5.0”. Based on the conducted survey, it was explained that the problem for small agricultural business entities is the lack of knowledge among management and government officials about the directions of innovative strategic development and the presence of a consistent level of digital maturity. The emphasis is placed on the fact that small agricultural enterprises do not have a long-term strategy, which is not suitable for long-term investments, and, consequently, the formation of innovative investment potential lu is problematic for them. It has been proven that promising strategic directions include the development of farmer states in combination with healthcare services, the formation and implementation of a digital strategy and the development of cooperation.

Peripheral Creator Cultures in India, Ireland, and Turkey

Drawing on Indian, Irish, and Turkish YouTube creators’ perceptions of their work, this article focuses on peripheral creator work cultures to broaden the understanding of creator labor precarity. We situate creator labor within not only the platform architectures but also within the geographical specificities of media production, distribution, and consumption. In doing so, we demonstrate that peripheral creators face distinctive struggles for visibility and survival in screen industries that emerge from their heterogeneous sociocultural and linguistic contexts. Based on the interviews with creators and streaming service executives conducted between 2017 and 2023, the findings reveal that creators’ choice of language and place of practice distinctly affects their global reach, visibility, and their ability to sustain a career in screen industries.

Маркетинговые программы современных фармацевтических предприятий

The article is devoted to comparative analysis of the experience of marketing programs development used by pharmaceutical industry organizations operating both in Russia and in foreign countries. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the fact that, while trading in specific goods, it is important for the pharmaceutical industry to develop and implement the program containing the main aspects of product promotion, attracting consumers, and increasing the efficiency growth. The research methods are characterized by comparative analysis and information synthesis. The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of domestic and foreign pharmaceutical companies in marketing programs development, taking into account the specifics of the main products. The results of the study are identification of the main tools used to attract and retain customers. The obtained results can be used by pharmaceutical companies in Russia to improve the quality of interaction with potential customers using the Internet, which determines the general vector of marketing programs for the development of pharmaceutical industry organizations. In the work domestic pharmaceutical industry is characterized as an object of marketing research. Development features of Russian pharmaceutical sector are highlighted, and theoretical analysis of marketing program concept is carried out. The author's interpretation of marketing program concept for pharmaceutical enterprise is proposed, and the stages of marketing program formation are highlighted. Peculiarities and general features of marketing program formation for domestic and foreign manufacturers are determined.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ ПРИ ЗАПУСКЕ НОВЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ И РАСШИРЕНИИ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИХ

This research focuses on substantiating the methodological peculiarities of evaluating investment efficiency in launching new productions and expanding existing ones. The theoretical aspects of investment efficiency and the traditional structure of investment activity stages are analyzed. It is established that traditionally, investment efficiency assessment is associated with economic efficiency. However, in the context of innovative development, the consideration of social, innovative, and other indicators becomes relevant.The generalization of existing indicators of investment efficiency allowed for the specification and delineation of their traditional structure from other indicators. As a result of this delineation, the necessity of including indicators reflecting the efficiency of investments in sustainable development is actualized, for example, by including social, environmental, and corporate (managerial) indicators. Specific features of evaluating investment efficiency in launching new productions and expanding existing ones in the context of sustainable development are specified. These include accounting for costs associated with changes in assortment and technological processes, the need for investment plan optimization, accounting for external effects, and others. It is determined that in the context of sustainable development, the principles of long-term investments, accounting for environmental, social, and managerial efficiency, as well as the openness of data on results, are brought to the forefront. These are also included in the list of features of conducting evaluations. The influence of these features on the conduct of investment efficiency assessment lies in the necessity to integrate traditional financial and economic indicators with new ones reflecting the principles of sustainable development. This requires developing a comprehensive assessment methodology that takes into account the specifics of a particular production, its mission, goals, and objectives. The author proposes a conceptual vision of a methodology for assessing investment efficiency in launching new productions and expanding existing ones in the context of sustainable business development. Based on the results of the conducted research, it is concluded that the development and implementation of such assessment methodologies will allow enterprises to make more informed decisions that contribute to sustainable business development and achieving long-term goals.

Algorithm for ranking applications in QS with priorities in the agro-industrial sector

The study delves into the queuing process for warranty or post- warranty service requests in companies specializing in repairing electronic devices within the agro-industrial sector. The research also investigates the environmental implications of such operations and the environmental challenges related to servicing electronic devices in agricultural production. To streamline maintenance operations and cut costs, a logistic allocation approach for requests is proposed based on queuing systems theory principles. By analyzing workshop operations, a repair work performance scheme is developed, aligning with the specifics of agricultural production and environmental considerations in device maintenance. This has helped outline the primary requirements for the information system, creating diagrams that detail the sequence of processes for order addition, diagnostics, repair, spare parts ordering, and waste disposal. Using terminology from mass service systems, the workshop process is described, and an algorithm for preliminary time parameter calculations has been formulated to predict service completion dates. This methodology not only enables timely updates for customers regarding service completion times and the optimization of order routing through various channels, but it also contributes to addressing the adverse environmental impacts, a critical aspect in the organization of activities within the agricultural sector.

АГРОМАРКЕТИНГ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

In the work, the management of agricultural resources is considered from the standpoint of the economic agrosystem, which should be built on the principles of optimization and predictability, which can be achieved due to the digitization of the industry. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the role of marketing in the process of collecting, analyzing and processing information. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the applied aspects of agricultural marketing in the conditions of digital transformation. The problems of the implementation of digital technologies in rural areas are identified: the reduction of the share of the rural population, which reduces opportunities in the field of education and employment, the limitation of the basic IT infrastructure and the need for investment costs for the implementation of specific digital solutions taking into account existing opportunities. Agromarketing is proposed to be considered as an integrative management system of an enterprise for the production and sale of agricultural products, which ensures the formation of sustainable relationships between agricultural enterprises and consumers to meet the needs of the population in agricultural products and services. This goal should be achieved by providing not only monitoring of the agricultural market, but also forecasting of long-term conditions with a high degree of reliability; minimization of the impact on the environment and production of quality products; formation of the appropriate material and technical base for the storage of agricultural products; minimization of intermediary structures. The main task of agricultural marketing is to identify and research the needs of potential consumers of agro-industrial complex; selection of products for production, establishment of its properties; coordination of terms and volumes of production; preservation and expansion of the existing market share in accordance with the set goals; increasing sales volumes and obtaining the desired results. The specificity of agro-industrial production and sale of agricultural products determines the variety of specific marketing schemes, including the study of the state and dynamics of consumer demand and the use of the obtained data in the process of developing and making economic decisions; maximum adaptation of production to market requirements in order to improve the efficiency of the enterprise's functioning; influencing market and consumer demand through means such as advertising, sales promotion and shaping in a direction that is meaningful to the enterprise. The work defines the main areas of implementation of digital technologies in marketing activities of agribusiness: digitalization of the agricultural market, digitalization in the field of enterprise management, precision agriculture with climate control, use of cloud platforms and big data analytics. At the same time, the implementation of digital technologies in the marketing activities of agribusiness should be carried out in parallel with the digital transformation of the entire industry.

ВІРТУАЛЬНІ АКТИВИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article highlights the essence of digital transformations in the economic sector, which in recent years have significantly increased their potential, turning into a determining factor in the strategizing and development of industries and areas of production, service, management, etc. It is summarized that the development of the economy under the influence of digitalization processes involves the construction of socio-economic relations, which is aimed at increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of production and capital and finds its manifestations in the newest development paradigm, in which the increase of competitiveness and efficiency becomes relevant and necessary. the sphere of economic relations reflects the specifics of production and the application of new technologies based on the use of a large amount of data and technologies, which allows creating qualitatively new models of business, trade, logistics, and production. A new form of financial and economic relations arising in the conditions of integration of real and virtual space is the movement of digital financial instruments. Virtual assets are an integral part of the digital economy, opening up new opportunities and prospects for society. Their development and integration into stable economic systems shapes the future of financial and commercial relations. However, to fully realize their potential, existing challenges need to be explored while ensuring sustainable and safe use of these technologies. Virtual assets are one of the significant monetary instruments in the new paradigm of financial development of society, which blur the boundaries between the segments of the financial and nonfinancial services markets. The evolution of virtual assets and digital money is objectively determined by the evolution of information technology and computer technology, which led to the expansion of the scope of their application and methods of distribution. The key principle of circulation of virtual assets is their decentralization, based exclusively on market mechanisms. The implementation of the circulation of virtual assets based on the use of digital technologies affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the functioning of the financial system of any country.

ГАЛУЗЕВА СПЕЦИФІКА МОНОПРОФІЛЬНИХ МІСТ ДОНБАСУ В 1940–1980 ті РР.: ПОЛІТИКО-СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМУВАННЯ

The aim of the study is to identify and characterize the main features of the political strategy, determine the formation of the sectoral specificity of the industrial base of the monotowns of Donbas in the 1940s-1980s. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, integrity and systemic character. The methods used are: retrospective, problematic-chronological, historical-genetic, historical-typological ones. The novelty of the study lies in the attempt to identify and characterize the main features of the political strategy of economic development, which led to the formation of the sectoral specificity of production of city-forming importance in Donbas in the 1940s-1980s period. Conclusions. The formation of the sectoral specificity of the Donbas mono-profile cities from the mid-1940s to the late 1980s period was the result of the low level of political and strategic thinking of the country's party and government leadership in organizing industrial and urbanization processes. As in the previous period (the years of forced industrialization in the 1920s-1930s), the country long-term economic development was based on an extensive model. The main priorities were to ensure the country's defense capability and rapidly demonstrate the benefits of socialist planned economy. This led to increasing use of raw materials from Donbas, construction of numerous city-forming enterprises in the region, mainly in the coal industry, as well as in the fire-resistant, chemical ones. During the period under study, the number of mono-profile cities in the region doubled, compared to the previous one: out of a total of eighty-seven cities in Donbas at the end of the Soviet Union period, about 80% were mono-profile. The genesis of the majority of single-industry cities in this period is associated with the "economic breakthrough" of the mid-1950s - mid-1960s period, planned to quickly reach the levels of highly developed countries. The attempts to improve the economic development strategy and move away from the extensive economic model by the party and government leadership in the second half of the 1960s and at the late stage of the USSR's existence period were not consistent and effective. There was neither diversification nor intensification of city-forming production in the mono-profile cities of Donbas. The narrow sectoral specificity determined negative scenarios for the development of these cities in the following decades. They are mainly related to the reduction of city-forming production due to the depletion of the region's resource potential, structural and economic changes. Developing new strategies for the economic development of the country and the regions, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of formation of the industrial and urban sphere of Donbas, to answer fundamental questions, connected to the reasonability of rebuilding and the possibility of re-profiling such cities.

The Managerial Aspect of Accounting ESG Factors in Assessing the Value of a Company

The subject of the study is ESG factors (Environment, Social, Government) and their inclusion in the value of Russian companies. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the theoretical and methodological aspects of taking into account ESG factors when assessing the value of companies. The relevance of the study is determined by the influence of the ESG rating of companies on changes in their value. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a general scheme, which includes four stages: substantiation of key external and internal factors influencing ESG-assessments of the company’s value; analysis of the nature of the impact of key factors on ESG assessments; assessment of the impact of the ESG-factor on the elements of value creation (forecast period, discount factor, cash flows, post-forecast growth rates); building a financial model for assessing the value of companies taking into account ESG factors. Methods: general scientific methods (comparative analysis, generalization, formalization) and empirical (observation, comparison, modeling). The DCF (discounted cash flow) approach was proposed as the main method for assessing the value of a company, which allows not only to estimate the value of a company over a specific period of time, but also acts as a cost management tool. An analysis of scientific and theoretical points of view and methodological approaches to assessing the influence of ESG factors on the value of companies was carried out, significant factors influencing the ESG assessment of the company’s value were identified, and a financial model for assessing the value of the company taking into account ESG factors was proposed. The model for assessing the impact of ESG on cash flow generation elements was tested using the example of PJSC Polymetal. It is concluded that the ESG assessment of a company’s value is influenced by both external factors (international regulation, country specifics, industry specifics) and internal ones (specifics of the capital structure, specifics of production). The developed financial model for assessing the value of a company makes it possible to take into account ESG factors in the output forms of reporting: balance sheet, profit and loss statement, cash flow statement. The proposed model is addressed to top managers of the company for the purpose of using it in the process of assessing the degree of influence of ESG factors on the cost of equity capital, potential investors and appraisers.

Физико-химический анализ гидрофильных интраокулярных линз, эксплантированных в связи с помутнением материала

Relevance. Clouding and discoloration of intraocular lens (IOL) seems to be a multifactorial problem, directly related to the properties of each group of materials from which they are made. Since the exact combination of factors and the sequence of events are not yet fully known, there is reason to continue research in this direction, even though, unfortunately, such important points as the specifics of IOL production are information closed to the general public. It is also obvious that this problem is urgent and requires an integrated approach. Purpose. To determine the type of deposits on the surface of hydrophilic IOLs explanted due to a decrease in the transparency of the material. Material and methods. Visualization of the surface of 8 explanted hydrophilic IOLs was carried out in a digital inverted microscope Altami INVERT 3 (LLC Altami, Russia). Elemental analysis of surface deposits was carried out on a JCM-6000 electron microscope (Jeol, Japan) with a JED-2300 energy dispersive analysis attachment. The Raman spectra were measured using M532 Raman microscope (Enspectr, USA). Infrared absorption spectra (IR spectra) were recorded using equipment: Fourier spectrometer InfraLum FT-02 (Lumex, Russia) and an IR spectrometer with an attachment of frustrated total internal reflection IRTracer-100 (Shimadzu, Japan). The processing and interpretation of the obtained spectra was carried out using databases and software from the equipment. Results. The nature of the deposits is represented by various crystallites, in some places forming a completely continuous film. The main elements of deposits are carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The IR spectrum contains functional groups characteristic of proteins. Conclusion. Deposits on the surface of a cloudy IOL of a hydrophilic type are of protein nature. The fact that the deposits have a crystalline structure makes it possible to significantly narrow the scope of the search for those compounds that are capable of crystallizing at temperatures close to the normal temperature of the human body. Key words: IOL clouding, hydrophilic IOL, IOL explantation

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PROCESSES, THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND EMPLOYMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF TRANSCARPATHIA

Attention is focused on the importance of investment processes, which depend on the prospects of the country's development and the state of national production, the level of technical equipment of enterprises in the agrarian sector and economic well-being, the standard of living of the population. The peculiarities of investing in the agricultural sector, which are determined by the specifics of agricultural production, are considered. The main reasons for the slowdown of investment processes for business entities, which usually have low solvency and, accordingly, low investment attractiveness, have been determined. Keywords: investments, investment process, agricultural sector of Transcarpathia, employment in the region, external and internal investment in the agricultural sector of Transcarpathia, green market

Методологічний підхід до діагностування сталого розвитку соціально орієнтованих аграрних підприємств

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations for diagnosing the sustainable development of socially oriented agricultural enterprises. The article defines the essence and components of sustainable development of agrarian enterprises with social orientation. The authors propose a comprehensive system of balanced indicators for diagnosing the sustainable development of socially oriented agricultural enterprises. The methodological approach is the development and substantiation of a comprehensive system of balanced scorecards to achieve a synergistic effect in managing the development of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the specifics of the industry. The scientific and practical value of the study lies in the development of a methodological approach to diagnosing the sustainable development of agricultural enterprises on the basis of an integrated system of balanced indicators that takes into account the specifics of agricultural production. The manifestation of the synergistic effect is determined on the basis of the use of an integrated approach to diagnosing the compliance of the level of development of agricultural enterprises with sustainable development, which allows timely changes in the strategy of their functioning and directing it to solving current and future problems.

Transcriptome-wide analysis of PIP reductase gene family identified a phenylpropene synthase crucial for the biosynthesis of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis

Phenylpropenes, such as isoeugenol and eugenol, are produced as defend compounds, floral attractants, and flavor constituents by phenylpropene synthases belonging to the PIP reductase family. Moreover, isoeugenol is proposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, the main active compounds of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. fruits (SCF). S. chinensis, a woody vine plant, is widely used for its medicinal, horticultural, edible, and economic values. In this study, nine ScPIP genes were identified and characterized from the transcriptome datasets of SCF. The expression profiles revealed that ScPIP genes were differentially expressed during different developmental stages of SCF. Three ScPIPs were selected and cloned as candidate genes encoding phenylpropene synthases according to phylogenetic analysis. ScPIP1 was proved to function as isoeugenol synthase (IGS) and designated as ScIGS1 through in vivo functional characterization in Escherichia coli. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that ScIGS1 was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The three-dimensional (3D) model of ScIGS1 was obtained using homology modeling. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that the substitution of residues at positions 110 and 113 impacted the product specificity of ScIGS1 and the mutation of Lys157 to Ala abolishing catalytic function. Moreover, the kcat values of mutants were lower than that of ScIGS1 using a deep learning approach. In conclusion, this study provides a basis for further research on PIP reductases and the biosynthetic pathway of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans.

Cyclization mechanism of monoterpenes catalyzed by monoterpene synthases in dipterocarpaceae

Monoterpenoids are typically present in the secretory tissues of higher plants, and their biosynthesis is catalyzed by the action of monoterpene synthases (MTSs). However, the knowledge about these enzymes is restricted in a few plant species. MTSs are responsible for the complex cyclization of monoterpene precursors, resulting in the production of diverse monoterpene products. These enzymatic reactions are considered exceptionally complex in nature. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the catalytic mechanism of MTSs to elucidate their ability to produce diverse or specific monoterpenoid products. In our study, we analyzed thirteen genomes of Dipterocarpaceae and identified 38 MTSs that generate a variety of monoterpene products. By focusing on four MTSs with different product spectra and analyzing the formation mechanism of acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic products in MTSs, we observed that even a single amino acid mutation can change the specificity and diversity of MTS products, which is due to the synergistic effect between the shape of the active cavity and the stabilization of carbon-positive intermediates that the mutation changing. Notably, residues N340, I448, and phosphoric acid groups were found to be significant contributors to the stabilization of intermediate terpinyl and pinene cations. Alterations in these residues, either directly or indirectly, can impact the synthesis of single monoterpenes or their mixtures. By revealing the role of key residues in the catalytic process and establishing the interaction model between specific residues and complex monoterpenes in MTSs, it will be possible to reasonably design and engineer different catalytic activities into existing MTSs, laying a foundation for the artificial design and industrial application of MTSs.

Two-step physico-biological production of xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane leaves

The production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from sugarcane leaves (SCL) presents high potential to the nutraceutical industries as SCL are cheap and readily available. In this study, a two-step process using hydrothermal pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis are developed and optimized for XOS production to obtain high conversion yield and product specificity. Two operation methods for hydrothermal pretreatments, parr reactor, and microwave reactor were compared to extract xylan from SCL. Two hemicellulose enzymes, hemicellulase Amano and xylanase (X2753) were then tested for enzymatic hydrolysis of extracted xylan to XOS. Conditions with high conversion yield after pretreatments were found at 180 °C for 30 min (parr reactor) and 800 W for 8 min (microwave reactor): producing 4.95 mg/mL (22.11 %w/v) and 3.49 mg/mL (15.61 %w/v) XOS respectively. Subjection of derived liquor from hydrothermal pretreatment to enzymatic hydrolysis produced a maximum of 9.42 mg/mL (41.87 %w/v) and 7.81 mg/mL (34.71 %w/v) of XOS for hemicellulase Amano and xylanase (X2753) respectively. The hemicellulase resulted in XOS with degree of polymerization (DP) of 2–5 for the various pretreatment conditions whereas xylanase yielded XOS of DP 2 to 4. However, a negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis was observed for microwave-assisted pretreated samples. This study revealed that combination of physico-biological methods on SCL could result in high XOS yield with distinct degree of polymerization.

História e Cultura Sonora: a historicização das escutas e dos sons

The article provides an overview of recent production focused on the historicization of sounds and listening, present in the texts that compose the dossier História e Cultura Sonora. In general, it is possible to indicate that three major currents prevail in these works: the anglophone Sound Studies, the History of Sensibilities of French tradition and Latin American studies, which, although inspired by the previous two, strive not to confine themselves to classical discussions but to reflect on the specificities of sound production and modes of listening within their cultures. The text also evaluates the impact of phonography and the digitization of sound collections on historiographical production in the field of Sound Culture.

In vitro Production of Dendritic Cells as Cancer Immunotherapy: Highlights on Sample Source, Culture Period, Differentiation and Maturation Cytokines

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells between innate and adaptive immune cells and commonly used as immunotherapy. Despite this promising potential, protocols detailing the specifics of the DC production are varied, affecting the potency of dendritic as immunotherapy. There are various factors affecting the production and DC potency, such as sample source, culture period, differentiation and maturation cytokines. Due to the limited number and quality of DC in humans, the monocyte could be isolated and differentiated to mature DC. The purity and viability monocytes shall be maintained to produce a high yield of DC. Negative sorting maintains the potency of DC as a therapeutic agent. Monocytes from umbilical cord blood (UCB) are naïve and can be differentiated to DC easily. Meanwhile, the tumor microenvironment (TME) may inhibit DC maturation from monocyte-derived peripheral blood. Without pro-inflammatory cytokines and a short maturation period, DC remain immature and fails to activate T cells. Long-period culture correlates with decreased DC viability and function. This review outlines several factors which can produce higher cytotoxic T cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines that might help each facility in developing its protocol to ensure the best procedure in DC production. Increasing purity and yield through close and automatic system under GMP production are mandatory to decrease risk of contamination during DC production.Keywords: differentiation cytokines, maturation cytokines, culture period, sample source, isolation technique

Outsourcing-based development of accounting and analytical support for the agricultural organizations' activities

Subject. This article discusses the transfer of secondary and main functions in the business processes of an agricultural organization to outsourcers, which can help the enterprise optimize the investment of resources and improve the efficiency of their use, as well as meet various requests of stakeholders in the field of accounting and analytical information on the activities of agribusiness entities. Objectives. The article aims to reveal the main trends in the structural restructuring of the accounting system of agricultural business and characterize the options for organizing the accounting and analytical system of the subjects of the agri-food complex on the basis of outsourcing. Methods. For the study, we used analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation. Results. The article describes the modern processes of accounting interaction between agribusiness and external users in the context of the specifics of agricultural production, reveals the essence of outsourcing, including accounting, and highlights various aspects of the outsourcer's work. Conclusions. The development of accounting in the context of the digitalization of the economy and the automation of accounting and analytical processes on the basis of outsourcing makes it possible to optimize the business processes of agricultural organizations and the relevance of information support for management decisions.

Regional features of the development of the export potential of the timber industry of Khabarovsk Krai

In this article, the author examines methods for assessing the effectiveness of the export potential of the timber industry complex of various authors based on qualitative and quantitative criteria, factor components, taking into account the specifics of production. The advantages and disadvantages of the models are identified, and the need for author's adjustments is justified. The author calculates the assessment of export potential using the example of the Khabarovsk Territory using the models of S.A. Dubkov, which shows how to most accurately assess the effectiveness of export potential, taking into account the use of factor indicators; A.P. Gevraseva — on the basis of diversification of the region’s export activities; E.V. Volkodavova, whose model combines quantitative criteria affecting the export of products within the boundaries of an industrial enterprise; I.N. Moseyko, Yu.M. Azmina, whose model is based on a multifactor assessment of export potential, taking into account all factor-forming indicators. Based on the model of K. Pearson and C. Spearman, the author of this study has developed a model for assessing the export potential of the timber industry, which shows the effectiveness of using correlation analysis. The study of methodological approaches to assessing the export potential of the timber industry complex at the regional level and at the enterprise level shows: • how the indicators for the formation of export potential are assessed, taking into account the integral assessment of export potential at the enterprise level, which allows a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of export potential; • how to calculate a comprehensive assessment of the internal export potential of an enterprise, based on the diversification of the region’s export activities, based on quantitative characteristics that take into account the volume of exports of products, works/services of an industrial nature, intangible assets; • how can an assessment of the effectiveness of export potential be calculated on the basis of a multifactor assessment of export potential, private indicators of export potential, which take into account the following criteria: the efficiency of production of export products (the cost of export products in domestic prices for the cost of export products, etc.); • how these methods allow us to assess the level of development of the export potential of both the region and the enterprise. As a result of the author’s development of an assessment of the effectiveness of the export potential of the timber industry complex, the following results were obtained: • a developed model for assessing the effectiveness of export potential, which shows the result expressed as a percentage of profitability indicators to the total costs of developing export potential, taking into account the impact of a combination of factors (external and internal); • the model shows how important factors are for export potential, that it is necessary to take into account each factor in order to understand how to further develop timber industry production; • which factor components have a stronger influence, which ones have a weaker influence, what should be paid special attention to in the future in order to correct the situation and optimize the processes of developing the export potential of the timber industry. The model developed by the author can be used in practice when calculating the efficiency coefficient of export potential both at the regional level and at the enterprise level, taking into account all factor components, identifying problem areas (factors) in the activities of the timber industry at the regional level.