Specific Teaching Research Articles

A Discussion on the Improvement Strategies of English Reading Teaching in Senior High School

In English teaching, reading comprehension is a very important part, accounting for a large proportion of the entire English teaching. National English curriculum standard for general high school provides detailed explanations on the specific content requirements and teaching of discourse and pragmatics, and requires the cultivation of students' language skills, learning abilities, thinking qualities, and cultural qualities in the teaching of reading. The teaching of English reading in middle schools has always been highly valued, which takes up too much time and energy of teachers and students. However, the teaching efficiency is not high, and students' reading comprehension ability is low. Therefore, teachers must adopt scientific and effective reading teaching strategies, teach students to learn reading methods, cultivate good reading habits, cultivate efficient reading skills, and improve their reading proficiency.

Academic and career motivation of future engineers through foreign language teaching and learning

The paper discusses the issues of academic and career motivation of engineering university students. This motivation deals with the development of cognitive motives and interest in the future profession. Although there are many publications focusing on this topic, most of them consider academic and career motivation of students in relation to the future profession through professional courses, practice in the workplace, or project-based learning. Only few publications consider humanities as the tool to develop this motivation. This paper aims at analyzing academic and career motivation of engineering students through foreign language teaching and learning based on literature review and a poll of the faculty members. The results show that academic and career motivation of engineering students througha foreign language integrates language specific and profession specific issues, as the foreign language course implies the development of intercultural and professional competencies to train students for their future professional communication. The authors define the following prerequisites necessary to enhance the students motivation including problem-based teaching and learning combined with active methods in class as well as specific teaching and learning materials related to the future engineering profession. The authors conclude that the process and results of academic and career motivation influence social and professional self-directed development of students, a foreign language course is a good tool, and further research into topic is relevant.

Focussed Assessment with Sonography in acute Lassa Fever (FASLa): Development of a point-of-care protocol and description of common ultrasound findings

Managing Lassa fever (LF) patients is challenging because of the complexity of this life-threatening infectious disease, the necessary isolation measures, and the limited resources in countries where it is endemic. Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is a promising low-cost imaging technique that may help in guiding the management of patients. We conducted this observational study at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. We developed a POCUS protocol, trained local physicians who applied the protocol to LF patients and recorded and interpreted the clips. These were then independently re-evaluated by an external expert, and associations with clinical, laboratory and virological data were analyzed. We developed the POCUS protocol based on existing literature and expert opinion and trained two clinicians, who then used POCUS to examine 46 patients. We observed at least one pathological finding in 29 (63%) patients. Ascites was found in 14 (30%), pericardial effusion in 10 (22%), pleural effusion in 5 (11%), and polyserositis in 7 (15%) patients, respectively. Eight patients (17%) showed hyperechoic kidneys. Seven patients succumbed to the disease while 39 patients survived, resulting in a fatality rate of 15%. Pleural effusions and hyper-echoic kidneys were associated with increased mortality. In acute LF, a newly established POCUS protocol readily identified a high prevalence of clinically relevant pathological findings. The assessment by POCUS required minimal resources and training; the detected pathologies such as pleural effusions and kidney injury may help to guide the clinical management of the most at-risk LF patients.

The Development of the College Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale

The purpose of this article is to document the development of a new measure of teaching self-efficacy - The College Teaching Self-Efficacy (CTSE) Scale. We designed the CTSE scale to examine individuals’ beliefs in their abilities to perform specific teaching tasks in a college classroom successfully. We developed an instrument that contained teaching tasks associated with different aspects of college teaching, such as instructional planning, instructional delivery, classroom management, and assessment. This paper provides preliminary validity evidence based on the scale’s content and the internal structure. Implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

Peer to Peer vs. Virtual Rehearsal Simulation Rehearsal Contexts: Elementary Teacher Candidates’ Scientific Discourse Skills Explored

ABSTRACT Learning science is a social enterprise that involves students communicating ideas, observations, and findings. Navigating talk between students about scientific concepts and practices is a complex task for teachers. Traditionally, science educators have used a method called microteaching (teaching to peers) as a context for practicing teaching. In this study, science educators created practice sessions called rehearsals, designed for elementary teacher candidates (ETCs) to participate in deliberate teaching episodes using discourse skills followed by instructor feedback. This NSF-supported work explores the use of rehearsals within virtual simulations software called Mursion® (developed as TeachLivE™) as compared to traditional rehearsals by using treatment and comparison groups. This study found that ETCs in both contexts increased in their use of various talk moves between rehearsal timepoints. Compared to the control group, the treatment group was able to address students’ ideas and understanding more frequently in the rehearsal settings as well as the classroom setting (practicum). This finding indicates that ETCs felt comfortable utilizing student avatars when practicing specific teaching skills and were able to transfer some of these skills into the classroom setting. Creating valuable teaching experiences in teacher preparation is essential and this study explores the possibility of using a new innovative context as a space for ETCs to practice those skills.

TEACHING MANAGEMENT SCALE OF META-REGULATED LEARNING IN LAW

Students' deep reflection in their learning process is fundamental; however, there are still not enough advances on how teachers can promote this process in virtual and hybrid environments. The aim of the study was to design and validate the scale of teaching management of meta-regulated learning in ICT-mediated learning contexts. The sample consisted of 244 university teachers from Lima-Peru, and the statistical packages SPSS v26, AMOS v24 and R-Project v.1.2 were used. The reliability and validity analysis of the final construct was carried out by calculating Cronbach's alpha, the Omega coefficient, and the Theta coefficient. The results confirm that the original five-factor structure was re-signified into four final factors (teaching management of self-regulation, teaching management of meta-reflection, teaching management of collaboration and teaching management of metacognition). It is, therefore, a valid instrument because it captures specific teaching skills for the management of meta-regulated learning in students. It provides important information to teachers to implement preventive and intervention actions to improve students' intention to learn, as well as to evaluate their own teaching, considering that more research is needed to examine how students perceive various components in the process of learning to learn.

Effects of Teacher Collaboration on Teaching Practices in China and England: A Structural Equation Model With TALIS 2018 Data

Teacher collaboration has gradually become a common idea in the reform of teacher education all over the world. However, up to now, the current situation of teacher collaboration is still isolated and conservative to a certain extent. How to avoid being mere formality and promote the development of teachers’ cooperative practice effectively has become an urgent problem for educational researchers and practitioners. Based on the data of TALIS 2018, this study focuses on the impact of teacher cooperation on teaching practice in China and the United Kingdom, with teacher self-efficacy playing the mediating role. Above all, SPSS 23.0 was used for data preparation, descriptive statistics, and Pearson product difference correlation analysis. Then, maximum likelihood estimation and robust standard deviation (MLD) were applied to estimate confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model through Mplus 7.4. In addition, bootstrap self-help sampling method was adopted to test the mediating effect. About the direct effects of teacher collaboration on teaching practices, the results indicated that exchange and co-ordination was positively related to clarity of instruction in both China and England while professional collaboration was not significantly related to clarity of instruction in the two countries. In terms of the mediating role of self-efficacy between teacher collaboration and teaching practices, the study revealed the indirect effects of professional collaboration on three sub-scales of teaching practices exist via teacher self-efficacy in both China and England. Theoretical and managerial implications regarding using teacher self-efficacy as a mediating variable to examine the effect of common collaboration forms on specific teaching practices were discussed. Limitations and further research were also offered.

Фәлсафа — мұсылман мәдениетінің туындысы

This article mainly tells the story of Falsafa, and also tells about the mentality of the Muslim worldview. The history of the development of Falsafa includes the IX-XVI centuries. This is a special teaching that originates in the Arabian Peninsula and has had a significant impact on Western European culture. While Falsafa's goal was to revive the works of Plato and Aristotle, this task was carried out along the lines of the Muslim worldview and implemented through the Arabic language. The disputes and problems grouped around Falsafa are not subsiding now. The article covered this issue accordingly. It was about the propaganda of ancient natural sciences by the Islamic Filasuf of the Middle Ages from the point of view of the Muslim worldview. The main question in the article is the definition of the specifics of Falsafa and philosophy from the point of view of faith and knowledge. The main focus was on Western European philosophers and Muslim philosophers about religion. The article presents the views of such philosophers as Garifolla Yessim, A. A. Ignotenko, B. Ainabekov, S. Brabantsky, B. Russell, K. Armstrong, K. Jaspers, B. E. Bykhovsky.

2015 개정 교육과정 초등 사회과 보훈 교육 현황과 학습 연계 활동 프로그램 개발

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of social studies and veterans education in the 2015 revised curriculum and to develop learning activity programs linked to the curriculum. Specifically, it presents the direction of veterans education that can cultivate both knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes from a social and historical perspective. In consideration of social and historical perspectives, the learning topics related to veterans are linked to the social studies curriculum. In addition, by analyzing and organizing the current status of veterans education, a learning-linked activity program that considers the characteristics of the grade is developed. Accordingly, a regional-centered learning-linked activity program was developed for 3rd and 4th graders, as well as an experience-oriented learning-linked activity program for the 5th and 6th graders. Specific teaching and learning materials of the developed learning-linked activity programs are presented to provide materials that can be used as a reference when teachers select or plan veterans' classes. By deriving the positive effects of the learning-linked activity program developed in this study, the importance of the learning-linked activity program that utilizes the approach to veterans education from a social and historical perspective is raised. The development of learning programs for efficient veterans education remains a consistent research task.

USING INTERACTIVE METHODS IN MILITARY ENGLISH TEACHING

Teaching English in the military system is at the same time a difficult and a rewarding job. The challenges English teachers encounters nowadays are mainly related to designing and/or adapting instructional models that would function efficiently within the specific framework of the military and social sphere. It analyses the communicatively oriented approach for the formation such competence. As the title implies the article describes the aims at presenting the practical effects of three such different models. Special attention is given to the interactive model, the situational model and the task-based model. Within this paper, the aim of the authors will be to investigate the role of the teacher and of the learners in these specific teaching approaches and to determine which is the best model to be used for military English teaching. This article is of interest to the teacher of English who start work in the military system.

A study on the relationship between mental toughness and subjective well-being of high school students

The high school student body faces a major life transition in the form of university entrance examinations, and as it grows older, the multiple life and academic pressures it has to face increase. The stronger the mental resilience of the students, the stronger the sense of subjective well-being they can generate, and the more relaxed and enjoyable the whole learning and growth process will be. To address the intrinsic relationship between mental resilience and subjective well-being of high school students and the specific teaching influencing factors, we can guide students to form a better mental state by actively enhancing the implementation of aesthetic education, physical education, family involvement and mental health teaching in schools.

SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS, WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES

Special education seems to have to be considered one of the most stressful jobs in the education sector. Experts must convey highly specialized teaching methods that support a variety of different learning environments, alignment social and emotional development with firm academic achievement, and finally equip their pupils for a world that impose many real difficulties, and any method of instruction has obviously been a truly massive challenge. Thereby, the objective of this research was to reveal the challenges that English teachers confront while teaching Special Needs Students. The subjects of this research included an English teacher from such a special needs school who had significant experience teaching English. A semi-structured interview was employed to collect data. In accordance with the findings, the most daunting problem that teachers face when teaching English is listening skills. Further to that, the teacher is knowledgeable about teaching concepts, techniques, and problem-solving strategies.

Examining Science Education in ChatGPT: An Exploratory Study of Generative Artificial Intelligence

The advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in the field of education. The study explores three main areas: (1) How did ChatGPT answer questions related to science education? (2) What are some ways educators could utilise ChatGPT in their science pedagogy? and (3) How has ChatGPT been utilised in this study, and what are my reflections about its use as a research tool? This exploratory research applies a self-study methodology to investigate the technology. Impressively, ChatGPT’s output often aligned with key themes in the research. However, as it currently stands, ChatGPT runs the risk of positioning itself as the ultimate epistemic authority, where a single truth is assumed without a proper grounding in evidence or presented with sufficient qualifications. Key ethical concerns associated with AI include its potential environmental impact, issues related to content moderation, and the risk of copyright infringement. It is important for educators to model responsible use of ChatGPT, prioritise critical thinking, and be clear about expectations. ChatGPT is likely to be a useful tool for educators designing science units, rubrics, and quizzes. Educators should critically evaluate any AI-generated resource and adapt it to their specific teaching contexts. ChatGPT was used as a research tool for assistance with editing and to experiment with making the research narrative clearer. The intention of the paper is to act as a catalyst for a broader conversation about the use of generative AI in science education.

A Six Year Review of the Outcome of Pregnancy in Diabetic Patients in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria

Diabetes mellitus is a common medical condition complicating pregnancy with poor outcome. Early diagnosis and proper blood glucose control may reduce complications. The incidence and outcomes of the disease in Irrua is not known. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and outcomes of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy in Irrua. We carried out a six year retrospective review of the demographic characteristics of the patients, parity, clinical and booking status, number of hospital admissions for blood sugar control and pregnancy outcome of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005. Data collected were analysed using SPSS window version 20.0 statistical package. In the study period, there were 5,460 pregnant women who booked for antenatal care in the hospital, out of these, 2,765 attended the antenatal carefully and eventually delivered in the hospital and 30 of them whose pregnancies were complicated with diabetes mellitus were studied. The incidence of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy in this study is 10.85 pregnancies per 1000 births. The mean age of the patients was 33 years. Multipara were affected in 62% of cases. Gestational diabetes predominated in 66.7% of cases. There were family history of diabetes in 73.3% of cases. All patients had both dietary and insulin therapy throughout antenatal period. Majority of the patients were admitted for blood glucose control once. Majority of the patients (76.6%) had vaginal deliveries while 23.3% had caesarian deliveries due to fetal and maternal complications. Over 73% of the patients delivered at term. The outcome of pregnancy was poor. The incidence of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy in Irrua is 10.85 pregnancies per 1000 births, this is high with relatively poor outcome. Preconceptional counseling, deliberate blood glucose tolerance testing and adequate blood glucose control in pregnancy is recommended.

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease In Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 5-year Review

Background: Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases (GTD) is a group of interrelated heterogeneous disease of trophoblastic tissue resulting from abnormal fertilization, characterized by abnormal tissue proliferation. Characteristically, prognosis positively correlates with early diagnosis and treatment.
 Objective: The objective was to determine the burden, clinical presentation, management and outcomesof GTD at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria.
 Methodology: A five-year descriptive (retrospective) study of histologically confirmed cases of st th GTD managed in ISTH between 1 July, 2016 and 30 June, 2021 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria: patient that were management at the study site, histology confirmation and availability of the case-file for review. Women managed for other gynaecological disorders or those with suspected GTD but no histologic confirmation were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 and the results were presented in tables.
 Results: There were 21 cases of GTD and 4703 deliveries with an incidence of 4.5 per 1000 deliveries. The mean age of participants was 32.9±7.5 years. Partial mole was the commonest histologic type (47.4%), choriocarcinoma (31.6%), complete mole (10.5%), invasive mole and placenta site trophoblastic tumor-PSTT (5.3%) respectively. Abnormal vaginal bleeding was the commonest presenting symptom 89.5% (17/19); others were excessive vomiting 52.6% (10/19) and abdominal pain 36.8% (7/19 ). The treatment modalities included suction curettage (42.1%) , suction curettage and chemotherapy (36.8%), total abdominal hysterectomy and cytotoxic chemotherapy only (15.8%).Serum Beta hCG returned to normal within 4 weeks for molar pregnancy and an average of 6 months for choriocarinoma. Default rate from surveillance was 10/19 (52.6%) while two participants (10.5%) died as cases of choriocarcinoma with advanced disease from late presentation.
 Conclusion: Abnormal vaginal bleeding was the commonest presentation of GTD with high default and mortality rates. Therefore, efforts should be geared towards education and awareness to improve early presentation, surveillance and prompt treatment.

Implementing Anti-Racism Activities in U.S. Political Science Courses

This paper makes the case for why anti-racism pedagogy should be included and identified as anti-racism in political science courses and provides and evaluates an example of anti-racism pedagogy in an American Political Thought course. In addition, I address critics of anti-racism and ways of addressing those critics in the classroom. In evaluating anti-racism pedagogy, work from higher education research is integrated with political-science specific teaching and learning work. I detail multiple ways anti-racism has been included in the example course, student evaluation of an active learning anti-racism activity and evaluate the learning outcomes for students who completed the original and enhanced active learning versions of anti-racism in the course. I find that although students are able to partially meet the learning goals, additional anti-racism content is necessary to fully achieve the learning goals of identifying and countering racist ideas, actions, or outcomes.

Employing Modified Design and Development Research (DDR) Approach to Develop Creativity Clay Module to Teach Special Educational Needs (SEN) Students with Learning Disabilities

Design and Development Research (DDR) is a systematic study of design, development, and assessment process for production of instructional and non-instructional tools. The purpose of this study is to discuss the Modified DDR approach to develop the Creativity Clay Module to teach Special Educational Needs (SEN) students with learning disabilities in primary schools. Studies indicate that SEN students with learning disabilities are weak when presenting creative skills in the classroom. Students are not sufficiently taught creativity skills in schools as teachers' creativity is low, and they possess suboptimal skills in adopting teaching strategies of a creative in nature. Therefore, there is a need to develop a specific teaching module to foster creativity skills among students. This study employs the Modified DDR approach. There are three phases in DDR namely; phase one: needs analysis; phase two: design and development; and phase three: evaluation. During phase one, a survey method will utilize using purposive sampling by adopting questionnaire instruments for 110 teachers to ascertain the necessity of module development. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) utilized to obtain 15 experts’ consensus to design and develop the module prototype. In phase three, the usability of module measured by conducting a survey study using a questionnaire instrument with 120 samples of special education teachers. Then, organize the findings systematically under the DDR phases and analyze the data using descriptive analysis in phases one and three. In what follows, the researcher derives the threshold, d value, and experts’ consensus value in designing, developing, and evaluating constructs and items of the phase two module. The conclusion of this article presents a conceptual framework for this research. Hence, the findings provide potential information and guidance to design and develop the Creativity Clay Module to teach SEN students with learning disabilities.

Challenges and suggestions regarding the aesthetic experience of mathematics when teaching and learning fully online

Growth in fully online mathematics education has been steady for decades. This is where essentially all interactions associated with the teaching and learning process are mediated via the online medium. Initially spurred on by technological innovation and a variety of socio-cultural forces, growth has more recently rapidly accelerated due to pandemic restrictions. Many suggest we are on the precipice of profound transformation in mathematics education, the outlines of which remain unknown. In leveraging online education possibilities and advancing online mathematics education, this paper considers aesthetic experiences associated with learning mathematics fully online. First, three assumptions are made to highlight the importance of these experiences. Second, three challenges are identified regarding the current state of fully online mathematics education. Finally, specific instructional design and online teaching strategies are outlined that potentiate experiences of wonder and beauty often associated with mathematical discovery. As its central theme, the paper seeks to answer how we may take advantage of this technology in delivering quality mathematics education without allowing it to diminish our human essence.

Determinants of blood pressure control among hypertensive patients attending a rural teaching hospital in Southern Nigeria.

Hypertension (HTN) is the commonest cardiovascular risk factor in sub-Saharan Africa. It is a global public health threat, often associated with significant morbidities and mortality with rising prevalence both in rural and semi-urban areas of economically disadvantaged countries. This study aimed to assess the determinants of blood pressure control among patients with hypertension receiving care at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 502 consenting hypertensive adults receiving care at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua in Edo State, South-south Nigeria. A pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Five hundred and two participants (226 males, 276 females) completed the study with a mean age of 52.98 ± 12.82 years. Optimal blood pressure control was found in 15.5% of the study participants. Blood pressure control was significantly associated with being married (OR 1.549, CI: 1.040-2.309), having a monthly household income of over N50,000 (OR 1.691, CI: 0.999-2.863), engaging in physical activity (OR = 1.537, CI: 0.989-2.388), and not being obese evidenced by a normal Waist Hip Ratio (OR = 2.276, CI: 1.555-3.332). Blood pressure control to target goal was low in the study population and achieved only in less than one-fifth of respondents on antihypertensive therapy. Numerous socio-demographic and lifestyle variables were shown to be associated with blood pressure control. Physicians should emphasize medication adherence and lifestyle modification approaches in hypertensive adults.

Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching On Knowledge Regarding Umbilical Cord Blood Collection for Stem Cell Therapy Among Women Attending an Antenatal Outpatient Clinic in A Selected Hospital in Puducherry, India - A Prospective Homogeneous Quasi-Experi

Umbilical cord blood was previously considered a waste product. It is now used to treat a variety of diseases. Umbilical cord blood is the blood that remains after childbirth in the placenta and the attached umbilical cord. Cord blood is collected because stem cells found in it can be used to treat hematopoietic and genetic disorders. The study aimed to see how effective video-assisted teaching on cord blood collection for stem cell therapy was among antenatal women. A quasi-experimental (onegroup pretest and post-test) research design was adopted for this study. Sixty antenatal women who were attending antenatal OPD were selected by Purposive sampling. The structured questionnaire collected data to assess the level of knowledge regarding umbilical cord sample collection and stem cell therapy. In addition, structured, validated video-assisted teaching was done by experts in the field. The present study depicts that the pre-test means the level of knowledge of 5.48 with an SD of 2.04 was increased to 19.45 with an SD of 1.45 in the post-test after video-assisted teaching. Video-assisted teaching was found to be highly significant at p &lt;0.001. The study concluded that the investigator-designed Video-assisted education effectively improved umbilical cord blood collection knowledge for stem cell therapy among antenatal women. The significant limitation of the study is that it is not double-blinded, as it involves a specific teaching course.