Specific Code Research Articles

Accessible digital images: AltText guidelines for authors and museum professionals

AbstractWith this issue, Curator: The Museum Journal has now implemented a policy requiring that all images contained in manuscripts published in our journal will require AltText descriptions in the main manuscript. The format for these descriptions should appear after figure location recommendations and figure captions in the main manuscript, indicated by capturing the beginning and end of the text with specific code for the typesetting team, and highlighting all text to be included in the HTML file in a red highlight as follows:<alt text>Statue of Lincoln</alt text>The guidelines for developing AltText can be found on the journal's Author Guidelines <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/21516952/homepage/forauthors.html> section of the website. This editorial provides a short description of the work that led to this new policy, the principles of access and inclusion that support this new policy, and offers detailed guidelines for authors to support their development of manuscripts.

Hot wire thermopol cutting using CNC machine

Recently, the Hot Wire CNC Technology is use for the purpose of cutting of the materials like thermopol and foam for the packaging of products. This technology saves labor costs and increases production. The main objective of the research is to determine the influence of wire temperature on the quality of cuts achieved through hot wire cutting technology and explore the optimal material combination for low power consumption in wire cutting technology. The technique utilizes controlling the current regulation of the Nichrome wire, to reduce the power consumption. The Hot Wire CNC Machine is controlled by a micro controller which sends a special code called G-Code to the stepper motors and the current regulation is controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) through Power transistor. The results of the study show a sufficient reduction in power consumption when using the combination of Nickel-chromium materials.

Comparative analysis of fatigue strength of a freight wagon frame

Freight wagons primarily consist of welded steel structures subjected to time varying loads. Therefore, fatigue associated with the welding process is a common failure mode. Several technical codes for fatigue assessment have been proposed, being DVS 1612–2014 and ERRI B 12/RP 60 two of the most used. Nevertheless, no clear correlation between both codes is yet found in the bibliography. To overcome this, the present paper develops a full comparison over a study case of a freight wagon frame model. Finite element method is used for the stress calculation based on loads according to UNE-EN 12663-2. Weld performances comply with UNE-EN 15085-3. Fatigue post-processing is carried in parallel using DVS and ERRI codes. Finally, fatigue results of both codes are compared at each element of the model and each weld type. The results obtained provide a complete overview of the influence on the fatigue design of choosing a specific technical code for fatigue assessment.

BELFEM: a special purpose finite element code for the magnetodynamic modeling of high-temperature superconducting tapes

Predicting the performance and reliability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables and magnets is a critical component of their research and development process. Novel mixed finite element formulations, particularly the h -φ-formulation with thin-shell simplification, present promising opportunities for more efficient simulations of larger geometries. To make these new methods accessible in a flexible tool, we are developing the Berkeley Lab Finite Element Framework (BELFEM). This paper provides an overview of the relevant formulations, discusses the current state of the art, and discusses the main aspects of the BELFEM code structure. We validate a first 2D thin-shell implementation in BELFEM against selected benchmarks computed in COMSOL Multiphysics and compare the performance of our code with a comparable formulation in GetDP. We also outline the next steps in the development process, paving the way for more advanced and robust modeling capabilities.

Optimum Cost Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls

Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls (RCCRWs) are widely used in civil engineering projects as a common type of retaining structure. The design of these structures focuses on ensuring safety against various failure scenarios and compliance with standard building code requirements. This research aims to enhance the design process of RCCRWs by developing a specific code and optimizing it through a metaheuristic-based algorithm. In this study, the cost prediction of RCCRWs is also investigated through a parametric study involving key variables such as wall height, seismic zone, backfill material properties, and backfill inclination angle. To achieve this, non-linear regression analysis is employed to establish an empirical correlation, enabling cost estimation for optimized RCCRWs. The resulting prediction equation is simple to use, requiring only limited inputs. Therefore, it can be applied during the initial stages of a project, making a valuable contribution in determining approximate costs for RCCRW projects.

Mobilizing idol celebrity in queer affective advertising: exploring the impacts of ‘Boys Love’ media and fandom in Thailand

ABSTRACT Recent years have witnessed an explosion in Thailand of ‘Boys Love (BL)’ media that focus on romantic relationships between men. This article explores one site through which BL media is significantly impacting Thai consumer culture: the world of advertising. In this article, we theorize the rise of BL advertising in Thailand as an instance of queer affective media engagement. Through a case study of an advertising campaign for the confectionary MinMin starring an imaginary idol celebrity couple named KristSingto, we reveal how Thai BL commercials consciously produce a queer affect known as fin, which is central to BL fandom. By evoking nostalgia for BL series via specific semiotic codes, Thai advertisers tie affective responses to staged homoeroticism and consumer culture. The idol celebrities within Thai BL advertising thus do more than simply endorse products, they also bolster consumption among primarily female fans by satisfying desires for (staged) queer romance.

Spiking neural networks for frame-based and event-based single object localization

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown much promise as an energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs). Such methods trained by surrogate gradient (SG) descent are now capable of dealing with frame- or event-based vision tasks beyond classification (e.g. object detection, semantic segmentation). However, important questions about their behavior w.r.t fundamental design choices remain under-explored (e.g. how a specific neural coding scheme impacts the performance/robustness? Does a higher temporal latency necessarily imply better results?). In this paper, we focus on single object localization as a context to analyze deep convolutional SNNs on (1) the importance of temporal latency (i.e. the number of time-steps) on performance ; (2) their robustness against sensor corruptions ; and (3) the impact of neural coding schemes on performance with static images. We design a simple SNN baseline for frame- and event-based single object localization and compare it against a similar ANN architecture. Our experiments show that our approach can achieve competitive or better performance in accuracy and robustness against common sensor corruptions with significantly lower energy consumption. More importantly, our experimental analysis draws conclusions significantly different from well-known studies focused on SNNs trained with bio-plausible learning rules, which helps in the design of SG-trained architectures, and offers insight to design priorities in future neuromorphic technologies.

Quantifying the Prevalence of Acute Vestibular Neuritis through Big Data Analysis

Objectives: Big data analytics in healthcare research have gained momentum, offering unprecedented opportunities to investigate complex medical conditions like acute vestibular neuritis (AVN). However, an inappropriate definition can introduce bias and inaccuracies into prevalence estimation, making the results unreliable and hindering cross-study comparisons. The Health Insurance data in South Korea will be used to create a robust operational definition for AVN.Methods: The study utilized the National Patients Sample dataset from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of the Republic of Korea. The operational definition of AVN was defined using the HIRA data, which includes specific codes for diagnosis, testing, and medications. The revised categorization scheme for AVN was presented as case 1 through case 5, with criteria for each category.Results: The optimal conditions are deemed to be those that encompass the outcomes of both case 5 and case 1-1, encompassing all conditions. The study also provided prevalence estimates for subgroups based on demographic factors (age, sex), and found a consistent pattern throughout all years, sex, and age.Conclusions: The study analyzed the prevalence of AVN in case 1 and case 5, which were similar to the reference prevalence of 3.5 per 100,000 people reported in other countries. The study’s results are encouraging for several reasons, including the validity of the operational definitions used, and the agreement between the study’s prevalence estimates and the reference prevalence. The operational definition in statistics, in the context of big data, serves as a precise and standardized criterion.

ChatGPT Conquers the Saudi Medical Licensing Exam: Exploring the Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Knowledge Assessment and Implications for Modern Medical Education.

Background The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education is undergoing rapid advancements, with models such as ChatGPT-4 showing potential in medical education. This study aims to evaluate the proficiency of ChatGPT-4 in answering Saudi Medical Licensing Exam (SMLE) questions. Methodology A dataset of 220 questions across four medical disciplines was used. The model was trained using a specific code to answer the questions accurately, and its performance was assessed using key performance indicators, difficulty level, and exam sections. Results ChatGPT-4 demonstrated an overall accuracy of 88.6%. It showed high proficiency with Easy and Average questions, but accuracy decreased for Hard questions. Performance was consistent across all disciplines, indicating a broad knowledge base. However, an error analysis revealed areas for further refinement, particularly with category (Option) A questions across all sections. Conclusions This study underscores the potential of ChatGPT-4 as an AI-assisted tool in medical education, demonstrating high proficiency in answering SMLE questions. Future research is recommended to expand the scope of training and evaluation as well as to enhance the model's performance on complex clinical questions.

Ten-Year Trends of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Korean Pediatric Cancer from the National Health Insurance Claims Data.

We aimed to determine the current application and survival trends of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) among Korean children and adolescents with cancer. Data of patients aged < 20 years with KCD-10 (Korean Classifications of Diseases, 10th revision) C codes and specific designation codes were collected from the National Health Insurance Service database. Thirty claim codes for HSCT were included, and data from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed. The operational definition of pediatric cancer yielded an annual average of 2,000, with annual cases decreasing. In 2019, 221 HSCTs were performed, a decrease from the ten-year average of 276. Allografts outnumbered autografts with a ratio of 1.5:1. The source of allograft was bone marrow in 15% of patients in 2009; however, it substantially decreased to 3.3% in 2019. Furthermore, 70.5% of allogeneic HSCT used peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts, which increased to 89.3% by 2015. Cord blood utilization markedly decreased to 2.7% in 2018. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 85.1%. Overall mortality decreased among patients who underwent recent HSCT, and they exhibited a higher 5-year OS rate. In Korea, the number of pediatric patients with cancer is declining; however, the ratio of transplants to all patients remains constant. Patients who recently underwent transplantation showed better survival rates, possibly due to HSCT optimization. Korea showed a substantially greater PBSC utilization in pediatric HSCT. An in-depth examination encompassing donor relations and cause of death with a prospective registry is required in future studies.

Семантика и функции эмотивной лексики в региональном житийном тексте

The article examines the peculiarities of emotive vocabulary functioning in the hagiographic texts of the 17 th –18 th centuries based on the material of short and lengthy editions of the Life of the locally venerable Saint Paisius of Uglich. The research paper aims to describe the semantics of emotives and identify the features of their functions implementation in the regional text. Whilst analyzing the lexical meaning of linguistic units, special attention was paid to additional senses that are actualized in the lexical structure of the text. Thus, contextual analysis made it possible to distinguish between close synonyms with the meanings of "joy" – "fun" and "sadness" – "sorrow" through the establishment of a hierarchy of antonymic oppositions: "joy" – "sadness" as related to the divine, always socially approved feelings experienced by the subject within himself, and "fun" – "sorrow" as often having external manifestations associated with everyday life, not always socially approved emotional experiences. The main linguistic functions of emotives are characterological, which is found in the description of emotional experiences of characters, and text-forming, explicated through the correlation of emotives that denote dominant emotions in the text of the function. The connection of the emotives used in the Life with a certain territory is noted to be indirect, as the realization of plot-forming and ideological functions that allow recreating a special cultural code, understandable and recognizable by the reader.

A New Photoionization Model of the Narrow-line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei

The photoionization model of narrow-line regions in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been investigated for decades. Many published models are restricted to simple linear scaling abundance relations, dust-free assumption, uniform AGN radiation field, and using one specific photoionization code, which restricts them from providing a satisfactory prediction on a broad range of AGN observations. Through a comprehensive investigation, here we present how the choice of abundance scaling relations, dust inclusion, AGN radiation fields, and different photoionization codes CLOUDY and MAPPINGS affect the predictions on the strength of strong UV, optical, and infrared emission lines. We find the dust-depleted radiation-pressure-dominated AGN model built with the latest nonlinear abundance sets and photoionization code MAPPINGS V are consistent with AGN observations across a broad range of wavelengths. We also assess new potential H ii-AGN separation diagrams in the optical and UV wavelengths.

Development and electronic health record validation of an algorithm for identifying patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in US administrative claims.

BACKGROUND: Muscular dystrophies (MDs) comprise a heterogenous group of genetically inherited conditions characterized by progressive muscle weakness and increasing disability. The lack of separate diagnosis codes for Duchenne MD (DMD) and Becker MD, 2 of the most common forms of MD, has limited the conduct of DMD-specific real-world studies. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate administrative claims-based algorithms for identifying patients with DMD and capturing their nonambulatory and ventilation-dependent status. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using the statistically deidentified Optum Market Clarity Database (including patient claims linked with electronic health records [EHRs] data) to develop and validate the following algorithms: DMD diagnosis, nonambulatory status, and ventilation-dependent status. The initial study sample consisted of US patients in the database who had a diagnosis code for Duchenne/Becker MD (DBMD) between October 1, 2018, and September 30, 2020, who were male, aged 40 years or younger on their first DBMD diagnosis, and met continuous enrollment and 1-day minimal clinical activities requirement in a 12-month measurement period between October 1, 2017, and September 30, 2020. The algorithms, developed by a cross-functional team of DMD specialists (including patient advocates), were based on administrative claims data with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modifications coding, using information of diagnosis codes for DBMD, sex, age, treatment, and disease severity (eg, evidence of ambulation assistance/support and/or evidence of ventilation support or dependence). Patients who met each algorithm and had EHR notes available were then validated against structured fields and unstructured provider notes from their own linked EHR to confirm patients' DMD diagnoses, nonambulatory status, and ventilation-dependent status. Algorithm performance was assessed by positive predictive value with 95% CIs. RESULTS: A total of 1,300 patients were included in the initial study sample. Of these, EHR were available and reviewed for 303 patients. The mean age of the 303 patients was 14.8 years, with 61.7% being non-Hispanic White. A majority had a Charlson comorbidity index score of 0 (59.4%) or 1-2 (27.7%). Positive predictive value (95% CI) was 91.6% (85.8%-95.6%) for the DMD diagnosis algorithm, 88.4% (80.2%-94.1%) for the nonambulatory status algorithm, and 77.8% (62.9%-88.8%) for the ventilation-dependent status algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides the means to more accurately identify patients with DMD from administrative claims data without a specific diagnosis code. The algorithms validated in this study can be applied to assess treatment effectiveness and other outcomes among patients with DMD treated in clinical practice. DISCLOSURES: This study was funded by Pfizer, which contracted with Optum to perform the study and provide medical writing assistance. Ms Schrader reports being an employee of Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy. Mr Posner reports being an employee and stockholder of Pfizer and receiving support from Pfizer for attending conferences not related to this manuscript. Dr Dorling reports being an employee and stockholder of Pfizer at the time the study was conducted and is a current employee of Chiesi USA, Inc. Ms Senerchia reports being an employee of Optum and owning stock in Pfizer and UnitedHealth Group, the parent company of Optum. Dr Chen reports being an employee and stockholder of Pfizer. Ms Beaverson reports being an employee of Pfizer and owning stock in Pfizer and Amicus Therapeutics. Dr Seare reports being an employee of Optum at the time the study was conducted. Dr Garnier and Ms Merla report being employees of Pfizer. Ms Walker reports being an employee of Optum. Dr Alvir reports being an employee and stockholder of Pfizer. Dr Mahn reports being an employee and stockholder of Pfizer. Dr Zhang reports being an employee of Optum. Ms Landis reports being an employee of Optum. Ms Buikema reports being an employee of Optum and holding stock in UnitedHealth Group, the parent company of Optum.

Vitreoretinopathy-Associated Pediatric Retinal Detachment Treatment Outcomes: IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) Analysis.

To determine the treatment patterns and outcomes of pediatric retinal detachments (RDs) associated with hereditary vitreoretinopathies. Retrospective cohort analysis using IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) database. Patients < 18 years old with a rhegmatogenous RD and a systemic disorder associated with vitreoretinal degeneration (e.g., Stickler syndrome) or other malformation of the vitreous from 2013-2019. Cases were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9, ICD-10) diagnostic codes from the IRIS® Registry cohort. Other hereditary vitreoretinopathies that are not encoded by specific ICD code(s) were captured by text search. Nonspecific vitreous abnormality ICD codes were also included. Exclusion criteria included traumatic retinal detachments using ICD codes for ocular trauma and serous or exudative retinal detachment. Surgical procedures were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for repair of retinal detachment. Baseline demographic information collected included age, gender, race/ethnicity, geographic region of the provider location, and health insurance status. Main outcomes measured in this study were average time to first surgery, number of eyes presenting with bilateral detachments, and choice of initial surgical procedure. A total of 2115 eyes of 1722 patients were identified (mean age, 10.4 years; 58% male). The median time to first surgery was 7 days (interquartile range, 40 days). One thousand four hundred seven eyes of 1134 patients had ≥ 1 year of follow-up, with 506 eyes (36%) developing a fellow eye RD. Thirty-three percent of patients presenting with bilateral detachments, and 349 eyes had initial RD surgery within 1 year of the index date documented by CPT code. Fellow eye detachment occurred a mean of 32 days after initial presentation. The mean number of surgeries per eye within 1 year was 1.68. Best-corrected visual acuity did not improve from a baseline 20/54 to 20/62. The initial procedure was most commonly complex RD repair (n = 176), followed by scleral buckle (n = 102), pars plana vitrectomy (n = 89), laser (n = 59), cryotherapy (n = 5), and pneumatic retinopexy (n = 5). There were 51 new diagnoses of glaucoma and 37 new diagnoses of aphakia within 1 year after the surgical procedure. IRIS Registry data provide insight into rare pediatric vitreoretinopathy-associated RDs, which have a high rate of reoperation and fellow eye involvement. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Studi Perbandingan Analisa Harga Satuan Pekerjaan Tahun 2016 Dan 2022 Bidang Cipta Karya

Cost estimation is a very important component in a construction. Estimated construction costs can be calculated using various methods, one of which is using the unit price analysis method. The unit price analysis method for work has undergone an update in 2022 which updated the method in the previous year. Therefore this research was carried out to conduct a study by directly comparing the two cost estimation methods to find out the comparison and make a record of what is the difference in the unit price analysis. the 2016 and 2022. Data analysis techniques used in this research are: literature review and direct comparison of analysis codes, job names, descriptions of resources used, resource codes, units, and coefficients. From the results of the study and direct comparison, two general criteria were obtained, namely the criteria for change and constant. In the first general criteria, there are seven more specific change criteria, namely name or code changes, changes in the description of the resources used, changes in coefficients, changes in codes and units, transfers, additions and deletions. After recording, a total of 779 comparisons were found between the 2016 and 2022 unit price analysis cost estimation methods.

Investigating years of life lost in Belgium, 2004–2019: A comprehensive analysis using a probabilistic redistribution approach

IntroductionInformation on years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality is instrumental to assess the fatal impact of disease and necessary for the calculation of Belgian disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). This study presents a novel method to reallocate causes of death data.Materials and methodsCauses of death data are provided by Statistics Belgium (Statbel). First, the specific ICD-10 codes that define the underlying cause of death are mapped to the GBD cause list. Second, ill-defined deaths (IDDs) are redistributed to specific ICD-10 codes. A four-step probabilistic redistribution was developed to fit the Belgian context: redistribution using predefined ICD codes, redistribution using multiple causes of death data, internal redistribution, and redistribution to all causes. Finally, we used the GBD 2019 reference life table to calculate Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL).ResultsIn Belgium, between 2004 and 2019, IDDs increased from 31 to 34% of all deaths. The majority was redistributed using predefined ICD codes (14–15%), followed by the redistribution using multiple causes of death data (10–12%). The total number of SEYLL decreased from 1.83 to 1.73 million per year. In 2019, the top cause of SEYLL was lung cancer with a share of 8.5%, followed by ischemic heart disease (8.1%) and Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (5.7%). All results are available in an online tool https://burden.sciensano.be/shiny/mortality2019/.ConclusionThe redistribution process assigned a specific cause of death to all deaths in Belgium, making it possible to investigate the full mortality burden for the first time. A large number of estimates were produced to estimate SEYLL by age, sex, and region for a large number of causes of death and every year between 2004 and 2019. These estimates are important stepping stones for future investigations on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Belgium.

On the Issue of Copyright Protection on the Internet

This study is devoted to the consideration of certain aspects of the protection of copyrights on the Internet. Digital technologies make it possible to use any work without concluding an agreement on the transfer of the exclusive copyrights. The article notes that free use of works is a violation of personal non-property rights of authors’ science, literature and art works. Russian legal problems of intellectual property on the Internet related to the impossibility of identifying some person as the author of the work and the absence of legal mechanism for free use of works. The scientific novelty of this study lies in substantiation of possibility of using a digital work without the consent of author, but after a certain period of time. The scientific result of the study serves the proposal to introduce the procedure for fixing copyright materials on the Internet into current legislation using for obtaining some special access code to original work, in order to serve as the effective mechanism for protecting copyright.

Current Trends in Autologous Breast Reconstruction and the Implications of Impending Changes to Insurance Reimbursement.

Introduction In 2019, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) combined all autologous breast flap procedures under one billing code, effective from December 31, 2024. This change will result in equal insurance reimbursement rates for popular flap options, such as transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, which were previously billed separately using S-codes based on complexity. Methods This study aimed to analyze insurance code changes for autologous breast reconstruction flap procedures. Data were collected from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons' annual plastic surgery statistics reports, including specific insurance codes and case volumes from 2007 to 2020. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess recent trends in flap utilization rates, documenting any modifications or additions to the existing codes and their implementation years. Results The study analyzed billing codes and case volumes for autologous breast reconstruction procedures, with a focus on the DIEP flap and other alternatives. Non-autologous breast reconstruction procedures showed consistently higher case volumes compared to autologous procedures from 2007 to 2020. Notably, the popularity of the DIEP flap surpassed that of other flap options after 2011. Conclusion The removal of S-codes for autologous breast reconstruction by CMS and the subsequent potential decrease in insurance coverage for the DIEP flap may lead to a decrease in its utilization and a shift towardmore invasive options, like the TRAM flap. This change could result in financial burdens for patients and widen socioeconomic disparities in breast reconstruction, limiting access to preferred reconstructive methods and impacting patient autonomy and overall well-being.

Systematic literature reviews over the years

ABSTRACT Purpose: Nowadays, systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses are often placed at the top of the study hierarchy of evidence. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the trends in SLRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) throughout the years. Methods: Medline database was searched, using a highly focused search strategy. Each paper was coded according to a specific ICD-10 code; the number of RCTs included in each evaluated SLR was also retrieved. All SLRs analyzing RCTs were included. Protocols, commentaries, or errata were excluded. No restrictions were applied. Results: A total of 7,465 titles and abstracts were analyzed, from which 6,892 were included for further analyses. There was a gradual increase in the number of annual published SLRs, with a significant increase in published articles during the last several years. Overall, the most frequently analyzed areas were diseases of the circulatory system (n = 750) and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (n = 734). The majority of SLRs included between 11 and 50 RCTs each. Conclusions: The recognition of SLRs’ usefulness is growing at an increasing speed, which is reflected by the growing number of published studies. The most frequently evaluated diseases are in alignment with leading causes of death and disability worldwide.

STANDARD STABLE WORDINGS TO EXPRESS THANKING AND EMPATHY IN TRANSLATION OF THE IRANIAN TAAROF CEREMONY INTO RUSSIAN

The speech act “gratitude” in the Iranian linguocultural environment can convey not only the direct meaning of lexical units in which it is customary to express gratitude on various occasions; but also a wide range of psychic emotions — the speaker’s empathies in various forms and formulas of a specific Iranian politeness code known as taarof. The variety of forms of politeness in the Persian language and their non-coincidence with the forms of expressing gratitude in Russian sometimes hampers understanding between recipients due to the lack of adequate correlates in translation. Based on the analysis of the forms of expression of the speech act “gratitude” in Persian and Russian and their comparison, we have made an attempt to translate these forms of politeness into Russian and show their great variability in various situations of communication. The performed analysis will make it possible to better and more fully understand the difference in the cultural code of the speakers of both languages and help them avoid possible misunderstandings in communication, as well as focus teachers of Persian and Russian on creating educational materials and methods for more targeted teaching of students of both languages, taking into account the speech pragmatics.