Specific University Research Articles

Structural and functional model of the successful person training in USA colleges and universities

The purpose of the article is to study the training of a successful person in the colleges and universities of the USA as a holistic process and to create a structural and functional model. The methods of retrospective analysis, systematization and generalization, abstraction and specification, modeling and graphic visualization are applied. A structural and functional model of successful person training in colleges and universities of the USA has been created. The focus groups of this process have been defined, in which the work is aimed at applicants, first-year students, second-fourth years students and a special category - students of the last year and graduates, as a significant part of students do not complete their studies on time. Examples of effective use of models and strategies of student training by American institutions of higher education are given. Five stages of successful person training in American institutions of higher education are proposed. It is summarized that the created structural and functional model is the basis for creating a strategy for the development of an educational institution and will contribute to the high-quality organization of the training of specialists in colleges and universities.

Discussion on Curriculum Construction of E-commerce Specialty in Vocational Colleges under the Background of Big Data

Discussion on Curriculum Construction of E-commerce Specialty in Vocational Colleges under the Background of Big Data

Topical issues of modern didactics of regional professional education in native language teaching

The article analyzes the actual problems of the methodology of professional education in the humanities field of knowledge, in particular, the Surgut dialect of the Khanty language in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. In modern vocational education, the study of native language becomes an integral part of national culture, which absorbs history, spiritual values, moral norms and models of speech etiquette. That is why it is important to preserve the native language of each ethnic group. There is an urgent need for the socialization and development of the student's personality as a subject of ethnicity and as a citizen of the Russian Federation. Preservation and development of native languages and traditional culture of indigenous peoples of the North is one of the state tasks facing Russia and Yugra as a subject of the Federation at the present stage. The absence of the uniform approved alphabet on the Khanty language and the educational-methodical complexes recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation does not allow studying a native (Khanty) language in vocational education. We believe that it is unacceptable to study the subjects Native Language and Native Literature (subject area Native (Khanty) Language and Literature) at the expense of the academic time allocated by the educational organization within the framework of extracurricular activities and educational work. Hence, there is a need to develop the content and methodological organization of the educational process of the Native Language discipline at vocational and specialized secondary educational institutions and universities, as well as for the course training in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Native language serves not only as a means of communication and cognition of the surrounding reality, but also as a means of recording, preserving national and cultural traditions and introducing them to future generations. That is why the quality of education of the native (Khanty) language at professional institutions in general depends on the quality of education of the modern generation of indigenous peoples of the North of the Russian Federation. We believe that the improvement of skills and development of abilities in the subject Native language will be successful if we implement an effective methodological system based on integration of phonetic, word-formation, lexical, grammatical and syntactical levels of Khanty language.

Research on Teaching Reform of Computer Specialty in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data

Research on Teaching Reform of Computer Specialty in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data

Application of Prefabricated Building Model in Practical Teaching of Architecture Specialty in Vocational Colleges

In order to transmit more application-oriented talents to the society, and to give full play to the value of vocational college training and education in the society, by taking the practical teaching of architecture major in vocational colleges as an example, this paper analyzes the form of teaching in vocational colleges and the application value of prefabricated building model in the practical teaching. Additionally, the application of the prefabricated building model combined with BIM Technology in the practical teaching of architecture major in vocational colleges as a reference was analyzed in this paper.

Computer simulation of long line with loss in steady harmonic mode at active load

Background: The implementation of projects to create long-range power systems requires the greatest possible study of not only the technical feasibility of long lines, but also the features of energy transmission along these lines. Such studies can be carried out in the field, using a physical experiment or using computer simulation. The first is limited by the complexity of the experiment, the lack of access to real measurements. Unlike a physical experiment, computer simulation is devoid of these problems: it makes it quite easy not only to model a long line, but also to study it under various operating modes. The practical significance of this work is the applicability of the proposed method in the educational process when students of energy specialties of transport universities perform research on lines with distributed parameters to solve subsequent problems in the development or development of new energy systems of great extent.
 Aim: Building a computer model of a long line and developing a method for studying various modes of its operation under various loads, including idling and short circuit.
 Methods: Computer modelling.
 Results: A computer model of a line with distributed parameters has been constructed, which allows one to study it under various modes.
 Conclusion: As part of the development of energy systems, the relevance of developing and modeling new methods for studying various modes in such circuits increases many times over. At the same time, newly developed methods should be applicable in the educational process. The article describes computer simulation and study of a long line under various active loads of the distribution of the effective value of the voltage along the line during its transmission, equal to half the wavelength (half-wave line). Research in this direction has not only scientific significance, but also practical, since it is possible to reasonably develop new models of long lines, as well as solve problems in the field of studying non-stationary (transient) operating modes of long lines.

Формирование и развертывание системы обучения иностранных студентов в вузах Советского Союза

Статья посвящена истории формирования и эволюции процесса обучения иностранных студентов в советских вузах. Предпринята попытка выделить, кратко осветить и проанализировать основные этапы складывания системы образования иностранных студентов в вузах СССР. Проблемно-хронологический метод позволил определить последовательность в формировании и развитии системы подготовки иностранных специалистов в советских вузах, выделить этапы складывания этой системы и охарактеризовать каждый, исходя из особенностей государственной политики. Принцип объективности способствовал всестороннему рассмотрению материала с учетом сложностей и противоречивости исторического процесса. Благодаря системному методу и принципу комплексности были выявлены взаимосвязи отдельных явлений и событий. Как итог,выявлена связь между целями, преследуемые СССР во внешней политике, и особенностями обучения иностранных специалистов в высших учебных заведениях Советского Союза в различные периоды. Так, в 1920-е гг. РСФСР, затем СССР преследовал строго утилитарные цели в обучении иностранных студентов: подготовка зарубежных кадров являлась частью внешнеполитического курса молодого советского государства, направленного на зарождение и распространение мировой революции. Образовательные связи с другими странами носили стихийный и непостоянный характер, отсутствовали четко выработанные критерии отбора иностранных учащихся и регламентация учебного процесса. Послевоенный период отмечался складыванием типовой процедуры соглашений между иностранными государствами и Советским Союзом по вопросу обучения иностранных граждан в СССР. Государство сталкивалось с рядом проблем при принятии иностранных граждан на обучение в связи с изменением контингента учащихся и значительным увеличением их численности. С 1960-х гг. образовательная система начинала коренным образом реформироваться, и данный процесс продолжался вплоть до распада Советского Союза.

TO THE METHOD OF STUDYING THE BASICS OF SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

Special Theory of Relativity (STR) is a fundamental physical theory that underlies modern physics andhas enormous worldview potential. At the same time, in the process of teaching (studying) the elementsof STR in school and higher education institutions face a number of problems. These problems areprimarily related to the complex mathematical apparatus that describes it; consideration of imaginarymodel representations that do not really exist in nature; formation of the concept of “event” anddistinguishing under different initial conditions of the concepts of “relative”, “portable” and“absolute” movements, etc. In this regard, it is important to find ways to improve the methodology ofstudying the elements of STR, which is what this article is about.The article offers one of the tested options for studying the main provisions of the special theory ofrelativity in the general course of physics, which is taught in the programs of physical andmathematical specialties of pedagogical universities. The main approaches on which the proposedmethodology is based are the reference to the principle of conformity in the transformation of physicaltheories from their partial cases to more general ones. In this regard, the limits of application ofclassical Galilean-Newton mechanics in the plane of absolutization by this theory of categories of spaceand time, the simultaneity of events in a different frame of reference, the instantaneous transmission ofinteractions between bodies at a distance, etc. are analyzed.The physical meaning of Einstein’s postulates, which underlie the theory of relativity, regarding thespecial status of the speed of light propagation as a natural phenomenon is clarified. On the basis ofthese postulates, the formulas of the Lorentz coordinate and time transformations are deduced. Aconsistent, detailed derivation of the formula for the transition coefficient from the Galilean coordinateand time transformations (for the transition from one inertial frame of reference to another) to theLorentz coordinate and time transformations, which reflects their relativistic content, is given. Theestablishment of these formulas is based on the mathematical apparatus, which corresponds to the levelof school mathematical training of participants in the educational process. Based on the obtainedresults on the formulas of Lorentz transformations, the relativity of the concepts of “duration ofevents”, “time intervals”, “changes in size and shape of bodies”, etc. is demonstrated mathematically,if they are considered in reference systems that are in motion relative to each other.
 Keywords: classical mechanics; reference system; the principle of relativity; space-time invariant;coordinate and time conversion.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that the changed socio-economic conditions in the country, competition in the labor market in a new way raise the question of the need to significantly improve the quality of training of modern specialists in the field of engineering and technology. Increasing automation of modern production, its intensification, the need to improve the quality of manufactured products require a graduate of a technical university to be able to solve the problems of optimizing technological processes and modes on a solid scientific basis, calculate the parameters of their stability, the probability of rejection, and also implement a number of complex tasks of tool design, machines and mechanisms. Such production questions and creative tasks can be successfully solved only on the basis of the wide practical use of mathematical knowledge. As specially conducted studies and existing practice show, many graduates of technical specialties of universities, unfortunately, do not know how to creatively apply mathematical knowledge to solve new engineering and applied problems.

About some aspects of the organization of students individual work at pedagogical universities in the process of teaching classical optimization methods

Some aspects of teaching classical optimization methods to students of computer science specialties of pedagogical universities are described in the article. In Ukraine pedagogical universities the theory of optimization problems is most systematically considered in the course “Mathematical programming”. The paper presents the approximate topics of this course, analyzes the relevant interdisciplinary links, presents the main stages of solving applied optimization problems. The peculiarities of organizing the individual work of students who study according to the dual education system by using the elements of “flipped” learning are considered in the article. New approaches in the educational process with the using of the modern information technologies, in particular Maple computer math system, is demonstrated.

Analysis of Psychological and Pedagogical Training in the Process of Training in Higher Educational Institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People’s Republic of China

The processes of globalization and international integration have been the subject of much researchin the field of higher education in many countries. The desire to integrate teacher education has becomeone of the main trends in modern international theory and practice of teacher education. The purpose ofthis article is to analyze the professional training of students of psychological and pedagogical specialties of universities in China and Kazakhstan by comparing work plans, credits and hours devoted to thestudy of individual sections and disciplines. Studies of integration between the Republic of Kazakhstanand the People’s Republic of China show that there is quite a wealth of experience in the developmentand reform of teacher education between the two countries.The authors of this article analyzed the ideas, goals, curricula, and teaching methods in China andKazakhstan. Integration processes in the field of education between the Republic of Kazakhstan and thePeople’s Republic of China have a market orientation, focus on organizational innovation in education. The reform of education integration in Kazakhstan in the future should be focused on three aspects:improvement of plural cooperation, mutual management system of teachers’ education and strengthening of this link after the end of teaching activity. The PRC is actively developing models of professionallearning communities aimed at teacher training.The article makes an attempt of comparative analysis of psychological and pedagogical training inthe process of training in higher educational institutions of RK and PRC. Internationalization and integration are the components of the modern process of higher education, contributing to its competitivenessand approaching to the best international practices.Key words: integration, education, psychological and pedagogical training, higher education; reflexion.

Distance learning of the Chinese language for students of humanitarian specialties in Russian universities

The issue of the relevance of distance education has been studied by various researchers for several decades, since the general digitalization of society. Since 2019, after the start of the COVID epidemic, this issue has become particularly relevant in all areas of education, including the study of foreign languages. In the period 2019–2020, teachers of Chinese and Russian universities actively developed new distance programs that take into account both the peculiarities of learning with the help of modern equipment and technologies, and the difficulties of learning Chinese by students of Russian universities. For several years, the system of distance learning Chinese for students of Russian universities has changed significantly. Now new programs are being developed, modern platforms and applications are being used, and interactive learning methods are being introduced. Distance learning has a number of advantages, but there are also disadvantages that prevent the full assimilation of the material. In general, the new system of education differs significantly from the usual full-time form, and at the same time it allows solving a number of problems, especially in the field of teaching Chinese to students of Russian universities. But for the full development of this system will take time.

Research on the Teaching Innovation of Architectural Engineering Specialty in Vocational Colleges Based on Results-Oriented Education

Results-oriented education is a teaching model commonly used in the education offered by vocational colleges at present. The teaching model focuses on the acquisition of students’ learning results, which has been unanimously recognized and extensively practiced. The integration and implementation of the results-oriented model in the teaching of architectural engineering specialty, especially in domestic vocational colleges, are facing many challenges in the term of its teaching impact, and teaching objectives. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the causes of various problems in integrating the results-oriented education model and further propose recommendations for improving the teaching quality.

Linguocultural approach in modern foreign language education

The article highlights peculiar features and aspects of developing the linguocultural approach in Foreign language teaching (Flt) to students of non-linguistic specialties of pedagogical universities in the framework of the cognitive-linguocultural methodology which serves as the universal conceptual basis for the theory of modern Foreign language education (Fle) and multilingual education in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Intelligent Academic Specialties Selection in Higher Education for Ukrainian Entrants: A Recommendation System.

In this article, we provide an approach to solve the problem of academic specialty selection in higher educational institutions with Ukrainian entrants as our target audience. This concern affects operations at universities or other academic institutions, the labor market, and the availability of in-demand professionals. We propose a decision-making architecture for a recommendation system to assist entrants with specialty selection as a solution. The modeled database is an integral part of the system to provide an in-depth university specialties description. We consider developing an API to consume the data and return predictions to users in our future studies. The exploratory data analysis of the 2021 university admission campaign in Ukraine confirmed our assumptions and revealed valuable insights into the specifics of specialty selection among entrants. We developed a comprehension that most entrants apply for popular but not necessarily in-demand specialties at universities. Our findings on association rules mining show that entrants are able to select alternative specialties adequately. However, it does not lead to successful admission to a desired tuition-free education form in all cases. So, we find it appropriate to deliver better decision-making on specialty selection, thus increasing the likelihood of university admission and professional development based on intelligent algorithms, user behavior analytics, and consultations with academic and career orientation experts. The results will be built into an intelligent virtual entrant’s assistant as a service.

Research on Collaborative Innovation of Animation Specialty in Colleges under Digital Technology

Digital technology plays an important role in promoting the development of the animation industry. With the rapid development of digital technology in China, the wide application of digital technology in the animation field has become a new method of animation production, which also is an important way for the development of animation major in colleges. This paper studies the collaborative innovation of animation majors in colleges under digital technology, combined with the driving effect of digital technology on animation major, and a collaborative innovation system of animation major based on digital technology is constructed. Based on this, a collaborative innovation platform for animation projects is designed, which is dominated by universities and supplemented by governmental enterprises. The basic functions of animation knowledge integration, animation knowledge maintenance, animation knowledge retrieval, and animation knowledge sharing are implemented. The platform not only innovates the teaching mode of animation major in colleges but also promotes the development of the animation industry, which has practical applicated value.

SHEET CONSTRUCTION AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS DRAWINGS

The article describes the methodology of teaching the rules for the image of aviation products made of sheet material obtained by cutting, bending, drawing, etc. These rules, according to the graduate's competence model, are necessary for students to study design specialties of aviation universities. The proposed methodology implies the study of these rules in the framework of performing specialized graphic work in the discipline “Engineering Graphics”. The methodology includes a description of the structural elements of sheet parts and the features of their image in the drawings. Special attention when teaching this topic should be paid to the requirements for maintaining the strength and rigidity of the structure with a minimum weight. These requirements make it necessary to introduce special elements into the design of parts, such as bending, flanging, rifts, etc., as well as the need to depict scans in the drawing in order to clarify the shape of the parts. The considered examples allow students to form practical skills and abilities for displaying products made of sheet material in drawings; to acquire skills for reading drawings of thin-walled aircraft structures; to deepen knowledge of the state ESKD standards for the development and design of drawings of metal structures; to develop technical thinking. The material was tested while teaching the discipline “Engineering Graphics” at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).

Research and Practice on the Practical Teaching System of Architecture Specialty in Local Universities Under the Background of Application-Oriented Talents Training

With the continuous development of China's construction industry, China's demand for architectural professionals is increasing, which also promotes the great development of architectural education. In the practical teaching of architecture major in local universities, there are still some problems: classroom theory cannot be combined with practical courses, teaching mode is too single, teaching lacks flexibility and characteristics, teaching content lags behind, students have few opportunities to practice learning in society and enterprises, and their participation is not high. Through the reform and practice of practical teaching system, the characteristic architecture education of independent colleges is developed to improve the practical and hands-on design ability of architecture students.

Integration of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Mechanical Specialty in Colleges and Universities

<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">With the rapid development of economy and society and the continuous reform and updating of science and technology, the society demands more and more innovative and entrepreneurial talents, and universities are also the incubators of innovative and entrepreneurial talents. How to integrate innovation and entrepreneurship education into personnel training In the process, how to organically combine mechanical professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education makes it even more important for university mechanical students to grow into applied talents with innovative thinking and pioneering capabilities in the new century. In order to meet the demand for talents in the modern machinery manufacturing industry, the paper integrates and reconstructs the mechanical curriculum system and teaching model from the aspects of curriculum setting, theoretical teaching and practical teaching model reform, students' innovation and entrepreneurship training, etc. To achieve the full integration of mechanical specialty and innovation and entrepreneurship education, and promote the healthy development of college mechanical specialty.</span>

Features of Professional Individuality of Chinese Students in Russian Art Universities

The article provides a comparative analysis of the role of the professional personality of the future artist-teacher in the professional education of China and Russia in order to build an effective process of training Chinese specialists in Russian universities. In accordance with this , the Russian and Chinese interpretation of the concepts is given: "professional individuality" and "individual educational route". The subject of the study is the study of the role of the development of an educational route in the process of training artistic personnel. The hypothesis of the study is that in order to successfully achieve pedagogical goals in working with Chinese students, it is necessary to take into account the options for building individual educational routes in Chinese universities. It also substantiates the need for drawing up educational routes in art universities, taking into account the ethnocultural and ethnopsychological characteristics of Chinese-speaking students, which is the key to the development of individuality in the profession and subsequent adaptation to the realities of their native country. Similar studies have not been undertaken in Russian before in relation to students from China studying in a modern Russian university specializing in artistic specialties. These materials can be used in the preparation of curricula and educational programs in art and pedagogical universities of Russia, taken into account in further studies of the adaptation of foreign students.