Special Place Research Articles

Management of socio-hygienic monitoring of the soil quality

Soil is the main factor in the preservation and accumulation of toxic compounds in nature that are resistant to the environment. Coming from the soil into adjacent environments, they lead to negative consequences for both human health and the environment. Approaches to the management of socio-hygienic monitoring of the soil quality currently require changes in the Russian Federation. During the study, normative and methodological documents regarding the conduct of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM), forms of state sectoral reporting of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, State reports “On the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation” were studied, the following databases were used when conducting a literature search: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI. During the analysis of industry reporting materials in the territories of the Russian Federation, the set of indicators for assessing the quality of soils in populated areas was revealed to be not sufficient, it does not take into account pollutants such as benz(a)pyrene. When conducting social and hygienic monitoring, a special place is also occupied by the choice of points for sampling soil for control, currently, such a significant object as landfills and landfills is not taken into account when choosing. The results of the study can only be used in the development of methodological documents for assessing the soil quality within the framework of the SGM, and are not applied to other facilities. The authors have proposed recommendations for expanding the range of indicators determined in the soil, changing the approach to managing monitoring on the ground. All this will make it possible to fully assess the possible risks to public health from the influence of soil pollutants.

Analysis Of Local Msme Development Strategy "Vis A Vis" The Development Of National Chain Minimarket Retail In Palembang City

The phenomenon of the proliferation of National Chain Minimarket Retail Groups has become a scourge for local MSMEs in Indonesia. Although the government continues to provide space for local MSMEs through Permendagri No. 53/M-DAG/PER/12/2008 which requires the establishment of minimarkets to pay attention to the existence of traditional markets and smaller neighborhood stalls/shops. However, some regions are actually utilizing the momentum of the existence of modern minimarkets, one of which is Yogyakarta through the Mayor's Regulation which issued a policy so that the national chain minimarket retail group empowers local MSMEs and is given a special place to market local products. Palembang, which is known for its pempek as a culinary specialty, has enormous potential for the development of local MSMEs, but MSME players who become industry players are still not ideal. This study aims to analyze how the development strategy of Local MSMEs "vis a vis" the massive development of national chain minimarket retail in Palembang City. This research uses a mixed method approach, which consists of two approaches, namely quantitative and qualitative. Mixed methods used are descriptive qualitative using SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) to analyze the development strategy of local MSMEs in Palembang City. As well as quantitative descriptive using the IFAS and EFAS matrix to calculate the weighting, rating, and formulation of the development strategy position of Local MSMEs in Palembang City. The results of this study indicate that based on the results of the SWOT diagram analysis, the X and Y axes are obtained. The straight line in the diagram above shows the coordinates in quadrant 1 position. Quadrant 1 is a very favorable situation, where local wisdom MSME players can have strengths and opportunities that can be utilized so that it is suitable to use the SO (strength-opportunity) strategy to develop local wisdom MSME businesses supported by aggressive growth strategies, namely 1) Maintaining Public Interest by Optimizing Support Programs from the Government; 2) Optimizing Sales Without Limiting Target Markets both domestically and abroad; 3) Utilizing Community Expertise to Intervene Local Products to National Chain Minimarkets; and Creating Training Programs from the Association of Local Culinary Business Groups to Maintain the Authentic Taste of Products.

Good and Evil Ethical Concepts in the Linguistic Picture of the World of Kyrgyz

This article analyses actual problems of cognitive linguistics, intensively developing linguistic direction since the 80s of the XX century. The study concisely conducted a scientific and theoretical analysis of cognitivism, the object of the study of which becomes the human mind, thinking and mental processes. The formation of a concept as a basic concept of cognitive linguistics is connected with cognitive activity, world perception of a person. The concept as a result of national linguo culture reflects national, spiritual and cultural values in the linguistic picture of the world of any ethnic group. It is noted that language is a manifestation of cognitive processes, “activity of the mind” is studied on the material of language i.e. language means. The article is devoted to the analysis of ethical concepts “good” and “evil” in the language consciousness of the Kyrgyz people. It is noted that the key tokens are good and evil. The study is conducted on the material of analysis of lexical meanings of linguistic units with morphemes: zhakshy, zhaman, Kyrgyz proverb, a passage from the Epic of Manas, consisting of opposition “good” and “evil”. The article briefly describes the essence of the philosophy of good and evil of the Kyrgyz people, which reflects humanistic ideas, moral and ethical, national values, ethnic peculiarities of mentality of the Kyrgyz people. In them, good stands for love, good, success, faith, hope, honor and dignity, a sense of duty, and evil is manifested in destruction, greedy profligacy, slyness, anger, etc. The study notes that the conceptual part of the structure of concepts “good” and “evil” is “multiple and complex, as they use figurative expressions, which include purely personal perception, linguistic mentality and means of artistic expression. It has been determined that the moral and ethical concepts of “good” and “evil” are a neglected topic in Kyrgyz linguistics. They have a special place in the linguistic consciousness of the Kyrgyz people and require further in-depth study.

The Description of Nature in the Works of the Travel Genre: The Case of Karakalpak Writers

The subject of research in this work is the genre of travel in Karakalpak Literature. It analyzes the works of the travel genre of individual Karakalpak writers who have visited abroad in various years. The research material was the poetic collection of the national poet of Karakalpakstan, Hero of Uzbekistan Ibrayim Yusupov Evenings of Distant Malaysia, Caucasus, and travel notes of the Karakalpak writer and scientist Kamal Mambetov Travel, which includes several sections: Travel to India, Hello, Sri Lanka, Shores of the Black Sea of the Caucasus, In the Native Nogai Region, and The ancestral homeland Turkestan. The travel diaries of Karakalpak writers Gulaisha Esemuratova’s American Impressions and Zubaida Ishmanova’s Travel through Europe are also touched upon. Along with the above-mentioned works, the travel notes of the Karakalpak scientist Tazhen Izimbetov Travel to Five Countries across the Ocean and the Karakalpak poet Maten Seitniyazov Travel to Seven Countries are studied. In particular, the author notes that with the motive of the road in literary travels, a special place is occupied by the description of nature and terrain. In her work, the researcher emphasizes the author’s position and subjectivity in travel works in transmitting unknown information to readers. At the same time, in literary travels, the motive of the road occupies a central place, since on the way a person learns about himself, better understands his country, his people and his spiritual roots. The relevance and scientific novelty of the work lie in the insufficient study of the genre of travel in the Karakalpak literature and the author’s attempt to study the issue. The author considers the motive of the hero’s journey in comparison with the motive of return.

Current Typology of Social Services in Bulgaria

This article makes a systematization of current typology of social services in nowadays Bulgaria, because new Social Services Act entered into force in 2020 and started a reform in the social sphere in the country. The new legislation regulates social services with an innovative concept that interprets them as support activities that can be organized and structured according to the needs of the population. This research was done with a view to clarifying certain aspects in the concept of the new legislation, which would allow it to be interpreted theoretically correctly and, accordingly, to be fully applied in practice. The article offers an analysis of the typology of social services in Bulgaria, which is based on five normative acts, as well as the theory of social work. Various classification criteria format this typology – accessibility, functions, age of users, main groups of activities, term and environment of social service providing. Based on the adopted profiling criteria, the article arranges and reviews the possible types of social services in modern Bulgaria: generally accessible and specialized; preventive, supportive and restorative; for children and for adults; for children and adults with disabilities; for adults in a crisis situation; for information and counseling; community work; therapy and rehabilitation; day care; residential care; assistant support; hourly, half-day, full-day, 24/7; services in a home environment, services in a specialized environment and services that are provided mobile etc. A special place in the group of residential services is occupied by integrated health and social services for residential care, which build their internal own typology according to the type of persons for whom they are intended. The typology of social services made in this article is a kind of theoretical result of the analysis both of sources with scientific literature and of Bulgarian innovative legislation in the social sphere.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EXPOSING STUDENTS TO THE HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF SHUSHA

Azerbaijan has rich historical monuments. Among these historical monuments, the historical monuments of Shushi occupy a special place. The names of 129 historical monuments and 14 quarters of Shushi were expressed in one source. The names of some of these monuments are mentioned in this article; it is considered advisable for schoolchildren and students to familiarize themselves with these monuments. Parents – in the family, teachers – in class, in extracurricular activities should work with children on the historical monuments of Shushi.

Concerning structure-functional features of the leaf apparatus of some stone crops varieties belonging to <i>Prunus</i> (Rosaceae Juss.) genus

For the Rosaceae family (Rosaceae Juss.), which is part of the group of families with the highest species abundance, one of the largest genera is the Prunus genus, which, according to the Catalog of Life, includes 395 species, 16 subspecies, 55 variations. Various sources for this genus indicate from 250 to 400 species of trees and shrubs widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, subtropical and tropical regions, from forests to deserts, in altitude ranges from sea level to alpine zones. In the Samara Oblast, among 67 species of woody Rosaceae, there are 30 native and 36 introduced species (adventitious and wild). The genus is most widespread in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, is widely represented in North America, Europe and Northern Asia, and includes a number of cultivated species of global economic importance. The active involvement of interspecific hybridization between representatives of the Prunus genus is considered by experts as a determining factor in the evolutionary development of its species diversity, which manifested itself in the appearance of a number of hybridogenic species that were able to overcome successfully the effects of abiotic stressors in the process of expanding ranges, the formation of cultigenic species of stone crops and their varietal diversity. In recent decades, the characteristics of leaves have gained special place in the research programs of plant ecologists as significant indicators of various aspects of growth, reproduction and functions of the plant organism, water use, nutrients, adaptation to environmental changes, including projected climatic changes. Leaf indicators are the most accessible for study throughout almost the entire growing season, they can be evaluated quickly enough, without involving expensive equipment, the screening procedure for leaf apparatus indicators is well standardized. The combined efforts of researchers led to the creation of large and complete databases of leaf apparatus features for various plant species. For the leaves of 15 varieties of stone crops (cherry Olechka, Chernookaya, Kalinka, Nyusha, Pervinka; apricot Samara, Yantar Povolzhya; Russian plum Dolgozhdannaya, Konservnaya, Velikansha, Naryadnaya, Kompotnaya, Lunnaya; domestic plum Dachnaya, Doch Eurasii) quantitative indicators determined for samples selected in July 2020, 2021 and 2022 are analyzed. In order to visualize the possible features of the leaf apparatus in groups of varieties of various fruit crops, the construction of dot diagrams with a limited area of location for each group of points was used. This technique made it possible to identify both the presence of separate groups of points corresponding to one indicator of the leaves of individual stone fruits, and the overlap of the corresponding ranges of other indicators of values. Probably, this picture is a reflection of a certain ecological and physiological heterogeneity in groups of stone fruit varieties, which are cultigenic hybrids of complex origin.

WORK OF CROATIAN LANGUAGE TEACHERS WITH STUDENTS WITH SPECIFIC DIFFICULTIES IN READING AND WRITING

Although teacher competencies are acquired during initial training in faculties of education, among which methodological competencies have a special place, many teachers are not trained to work with students with specific learning difficulties and do not know how to deal with them in the classroom. Research on specific learning difficulties has begun recently as the symptoms of such students have been gradually explored and efforts have been made to adapt teaching methods to each student. The purpose of this paper is to explain the specific learning difficulties - dyslexia and dysgraphia - and to describe the ways in which teachers can work with students who suffer from these difficulties. A survey was conducted to investigate how Croatian language teachers adapt their work to students with reading and writing difficulties. The teachers’ awareness of the students’ difficulties, the way they prepare teaching materials, the use of teaching methods when working with these students, the way they give work instructions, the way they check their knowledge, and effective examples of teaching students with specific reading and writing difficulties were investigated. The sample included 40 Croatian language teachers at primary and secondary level of education. The result are generally satisfactory, and it can be said that teachers’ handling of students with these difficulties in teaching language expression is good, although additional training could improve the quality. Keywords: Croatian language teacher; dysgraphia; dyslexia; language expression teaching; specific learning difficulties

MULTICULTURALISM IN 20TH CENTURY AZERBAIJANI AND ENGLISH PROSE (BASED ON AZIZA JAFARZADEH'S “ELDAN ELA” AND DORIS LESSING'S “THE GRASS IS SINGING”)

In order to establish cooperation in the modern world, it is first necessary to achieve tolerance and multiculturalism in interpersonal relations. Multiculturalism primarily means ethnic, racial, religious, cultural diversity and values, and mutually tolerant relations with those values determine civilized moral and ethical criteria and values. It is an indisputable historical fact that the people who settled in Azerbaijan, regardless of their religion or language, lived in conditions of mutual understanding and tolerance in all periods of history. Even in the oldest examples of Azerbaijani literature, multicultural values have very deep roots. These values constitute the main line of the creativity of not only Azerbaijan, but also the wordsmiths and writers of the whole world. The highest criterion of personality is humanity, human relations, more precisely, tolerance. That is why representatives of other nations occupy a special place in the works of many writers who do not accept racial, national and religious discrimination. The fact that such improvement takes place through a multicultural environment once again strengthens the idea that multiculturalism has an important role in the real progress and development of humanity. The comparative study and evaluation of these issues in the work of Aziza Jafarzadeh, a bright figure of Azerbaijani literary prose, and a talented representative of English literature, Doris Lessing, is of great importance.

Violation of identity-specific action-effect prediction increases pupil size and attenuates auditory event-related potentials at P2 latencies when action-effects are behaviorally relevant

Self-initiated sensory action effects are widely assumed to lead to less intense perception and reduced neural responses compared to externally triggered stimuli (sensory attenuation). However, it is unclear if sensory attenuation occurs in all cases of action-effect prediction. Specifically, when predicted action-effects are relevant to determine follow-up actions attenuation could be detrimental. We quantified auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in electroencephalography (EEG) when human participants created two-sound sequences by pressing two keys on a keyboard associated with different pitch, giving rise to identity-specific action-effect prediction after the first keypress. The first sound corresponded to (congruent) or violated (incongruent) the predicted pitch and was either relevant for the selection of the second keypress to correctly complete the sequence (Relevance) or irrelevant (Control Movement), or there was only one keypress and sound (Baseline). We found a diminished P2-timed ERP component in incongruent compared to congruent trials when the sound was relevant for the subsequent action. This effect of action-effect prediction was due to an ERP reduction for incongruent relevant sounds compared to incongruent irrelevant sounds at P2 latencies and correlated negatively with modulations of pupil dilation. Contrary to our expectation, we did not observe an N1 modulation by congruency in any condition. Attenuation of the N1 component seems absent for predicted identity-specific auditory action effects, while P2-timed ERPs as well as pupil size are sensitive to predictability, at least when action effects are relevant for the selection of the next action. Incongruent relevant stimuli thereby take a special place and seem to be subject to attentional modulations and error processing.

МАТЕМАТИКА КУРСУН ОКУТУУДА КЫЙМЫЛ МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИН ЧЫГАРУУНУН МЕТОДИКАЛЫК КӨРСӨТМӨЛӨРҮ

At present, in accordance with the program of basic general education, a special place in mathematics teaching is occupied by the development of students' independence in solving motion problems. There is no doubt that the mathematical problem of motion enables the student to formulate mathematical concepts correctly, to clarify various aspects of his environment, and to apply theoretical concepts. Solving full-scale problems defined by the program contributes to knowledge building for students. In setting motion problems, students are exposed to facts of cognitive, educational significance. Motion problems-one of the most common types of algebra problems. Simple motion problems are taught in elementary school. In grades 6-7, the solution of motion problems is reduced to a linear equation or a system of linear equations. Here we will consider motion problems related to the rational fraction equation.

ХИМИЯЛЫК БИЛИМ БЕРҮҮДӨ ТАПШЫРМАЛАРДЫ ТЕСТ ФОРМАСЫНДА ТҮЗҮҮНҮН ӨЗГӨЧӨЛҮКТӨРҮ

Currently, testing is considered a key component of the educational process and, unlike the traditional form of assessment, has a high degree of reliability and objectivity. The testing process occupies a special place in addressing issues of diagnosis, monitoring, analysis, measurement and assessment of the quality of education. The article provides an analytical review of the problems of testing and its application in the educational process. The concepts of “test”, “test tasks”, “testing” in the science of testology have been clarified. A number of test task criteria have been defined. A classification of the form of test tasks is presented and several options for creating open and closed type tasks are considered using the example of the school subject “Chemistry”. It is shown that creating test items requires significant theoretical and practical preparation.

The Academic Question of Palestine

This article provides theoretical and contextual background to The Academic Question of Palestine. Building on the work of Edward Said, we maintain that Palestine constitutes a unique question with special status in international academic spaces, particularly in the West, because of its entanglement with other imperial and settler colonial forms of dispossession. We argue that the special place that Zionism and its defence has occupied for decades in academia has rendered Palestine one of the thorniest and most divisive issues of our time. In the new millennium, the birth of the BDS movement; the emergence of new solidarities with global anti-racist movements; the scholarly and human rights consensus that Israel constitutes a regime settler colonial apartheid; the acceleration of Zionist violence, until the Gaza genocide, have generated new forms of repression and resistance in the academic space. This Special Issue offers the tools for understanding these recent transformations of the question of Palestine.

«Среди великих философов нет атеистов…»: рассуждения об опыте, знании и вере в письмах Н.О. Лосского Г.В. Флоровскому (1947–1955 гг.). Письма Н.О. Лосского Г.В. Флоровскому (1947–1955). Публикация, археографическая работа и примечания Е.В. Сердюковой

In 1946, Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky moved from France to his younger son Andrey who lived in the United States, where Lossky taught at the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary for several years. His correspondence with G.V. Florovsky continued, and, as before, they are connected by their friendship, teaching activities, and, most importantly, their scientific and philosophical interests. “Is it true that Russian philosophy is not scientific?” This question became crucial for N.O. Lossky during the “overseas” period of his life and work (1947–1955). His letters sent to G.V. Florovsky from New Haven, New York, and Los Angeles testify to his interest in the concrete metaphysical foundations of holistic (intuitive) worldview, within which faith and knowledge find their indispensable places. Lossky discusses in his letters Florovsky’s upcoming move to America and the organization of teaching philosophical disciplines at the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary. Furthermore, he draws Florovsky’s attention to how scientists of that time (A. Eddington, B. Bavinck, D. Jeans, M. Planck, P. Leconte du Nouy, and others) try to answer the question of the relationship between natural sciences (physics, biology, etc.) and the transcendental foundations of religious experience. In addition to this, Lossky is interested in Étienne Gilson’s “History of Medieval Philosophy” (which describes specific intellectual attempts to “reconcile” faith and knowledge) and the epistemological experience of Russian Freemasonry presented in G.V. Vernadsky’s book. And, of course, a special place in Lossky’s letters is devoted to the preparation of the book “History of Russian Philosophy” for publication in New York as part of the works series of the St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary.

Unveiling the potential of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for growth promotion and phytochemical enrichment in Valeriana jatamansi Jones.

Medicinal plants are rich sources of pharmaceutically important compounds and have been utilized for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. Valeriana jatamansi Jones, also known as Indian valerian, holds a special place among temperate Himalayan medicinal plants and is renowned for its therapeutic properties in addressing a variety of ailments. The therapeutic potential of V. jatamansi is attributed to the presence of valuable compounds such as valepotriates, sesquiterpenoids, valeriananoids, jatamanins, lignans, cryptomeridiol, maaliol, xanthorrhizzol, and patchouli alcohol found in its rhizome and roots. This study employed various treatments, including the cultivation of V. jatamansi with the inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae, F. constrictus, and a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to investigate their influence on biomass production, chlorophyll content, and the accumulation of bioactive compounds in V. jatamansi. The results revealed significant improvement in these parameters in the inoculated plants. The parameters of plants inoculated with F. mosseae were the highest, followed by those of plants inoculated with F. constrictus and a mixture of AMFs. This study not only underscores the potential of native AMF for promoting the growth of V. jatamansi but also elucidates their role in influencing the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The cultivation of V. jatamansi with native AMF has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly approach, providing the dual benefit of enhancing both the medicinal and economic value of this valuable plant. This research contributes valuable insights into the practical application of mycorrhizal associations for the cultivation of medicinal plants, bridging the realms of agriculture and pharmaceuticals.

The approach to forming a model of state regulation for sustainable agricultural development at the regional level (on the example of Karaganda region)

Today, certain transformation processes are taking place in almost all spheres of public life in Kazakhstan. The dynamically growing need to ensure the sustainable development of the country persistently requires the country to take a fundamentally new approach to the issue of state regulation of sustainable development of agriculture. The functions of rural areas are diverse and extremely important, both in economic and social aspects. As a rule, a special place in them belongs to ensuring the country’s food security, reproduction of labor resources, preservation of folk traditions, unique national culture, and development of natural resources. There is no doubt that rural areas are a special place, as an entertainment, tourist, leisure, medical and recreational, resort, park, sports, possessing and providing a number of social services to the population. Rural areas are the basis for the location of production and maintenance of utilities (roads, power lines, oil and gas pipelines). In this regard, the development of agriculture is of particular importance and requires immediate improvement. This analysis is devoted to studying the needs and mechanisms for improving government regulation and support for the agricultural sector. In accordance with this study, the current situation and trends in agriculture at the regional level for the development of a system of state regulation of sustainable development of the agricultural sector, a conceptual model has been put forward, through a set of interrelated effects (socio-economic, environmental, technical, technological, organizational, biological, dynamic), which has a certain clear structure depending on the assigned tasks and goals of the functioning of agriculture, will allow the implementation of a set of measures to achieve a rational level of government influence on the agricultural sector of the economy for the purpose of effective development.

Pragmalinguistic Aspect of the Concepts “oath”, “swear”, “promise” in the Kazakh Folk Tales

The concepts such as “to be a man of one's word”, “to keep one's word”, “fulfill one's promise” are prevalent in Kazakh folk tales in the mentality of the Kazakh people are widely used in Kazakh folk tales, and they appear as an important language unit used in the regulation of human relations in the Kazakh society. Because the spiritual concepts “oath”, “swear” and “promise”, considered as “a universal event” are concepts used by societies to create feelings of trust and persuasion among individuals. The paper deals with the spiritual concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in tales from the view of a pragmatic perspective. The authors also describe the traditions and ceremonies related to “oath” in nomadic Turkish culture and analyze spiritual concepts of “oath”, and “swear”, “promise”, which have a sacred value for Turkish society. As a result of the study, the findings regarding the concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in Kazakh folk tales, which play an important role in transferring the traditions and customs and cultural heritage of our people from generation to generation, as well as the legal, magical, religious, "pure" ethical rituals used commonly in the nomadic lifestyle were presented. In the paper it is stated that the speech acts in the analysed tales have a special place in terms of pragmatic meaning and it is revealed that the role of the concepts of “oath”, “swear” and “promise” in regulating the relationships between people and society has changed over time, their the sсope of use and stylistic color have changed, and they have acquired different semantic dimensions. Furthermore, it is concluded that the semantic development of the word can reflect the development of human cognition.

Local wisdom tradition of maintenance of the upstream river

Various local wisdoms are used as the center of life, obeyed, revered and given a special place by every individual. Until now, these individuals still adhere to local wisdom passed down from generation to generation as the community's cultural heritage, namely the tradition of protecting the upper reaches of the Logawa River for the people of Baseh Village. A form of local wisdom in improving community welfare by relying on the values of ancestral teachings. The aim of this research is to examine local wisdom in the maintenance and utilization of the upstream area of the Logawa River in Baseh Kedungbanteng village, Banyumas Regency, to reveal cultural character biases related to human actions related to the natural surroundings where the community resides. This research uses a case study method which focuses on one particular object to be used as a case. Baseh Village, Kedungbanteng District. Data was obtained through studying the interconnectedness of evidence from several data sources at once, namely documents, recordings, observations, open, focused and structured interviews, as well as documentation studies. The results of the research show that the true meaning is revealed, namely increasing the welfare of society both economically and for the common good. their daily needs. Research on local wisdom traditions in upstream river maintenance can be an important basis for development policies and sustainable practices in managing river ecosystems throughout the world.

Collaborating for success: empowering medical professionals through interprofessional education

Interprofessional education (IPE) refers to training activities to foster collaborative learning among students from different healthcare professions with the intention to augment the quality of patient care activities. Interprofessional education has been linked with significant impact and accounts for significant benefits that it adds to patient care, healthcare professionals, and even the healthcare delivery system as a whole. Medical institutions that are planning to introduce interprofessional education within their settings must adopt a structured framework to ensure effective delivery of IPE that can train students to develop the required set of skills and competencies that are essential for patient-centered practice. A wide range of challenges has been identified that can impact the implementation of effective IPE in a medical college. There is an immense need to overcome these challenges to facilitate IPE by creating an enabling environment that supports interprofessional collaboration. In conclusion, interprofessional education has a special place in the medical education delivery, as it has the potential to encourage collaborative practice, patient-centered care, and effective teamwork among different types of healthcare professionals. Thus, it is the need of the hour that each medical institution should explore opportunities for interdisciplinary learning and adequately prepare their students for the complexities of modern healthcare.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ ПОБЕГОВ И ЛИСТЬЕВ СМОРОДИНЫ ЧЕРНОЙ

Medicinal plants occupy a special place among the sources of pharmaceutical substances. Long-term experience of folk, traditional and official medicine of different countries confirms the effectiveness of the use of medicines of plant origin for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Advantages of their use in comparison with the products of chemical synthesis, determine the relevance of expanding the nomenclature of currently used medicines by means of studying new plant species. Black currant shoots, as easily available for harvesting raw materials, are of interest for study in order to establish the possibility of their use in scientific medicine, so at the Department of Pharmacognosy FGBOU VO "PGFA" Ministry of Health of Russia conducted studies of shoots and leaves of black currant. The article presents the results of isolation and chemical study of polysaccharides of shoots and leaves of black currant wild and cultivated by paper chromatography and spectrophotometry. It is established that this carbohydrate complex is represented by water-soluble polysaccharides (WPS), pectin substances (PS), hemicelluloses (HC). The qualitative composition of monosaccharides by fractions was established. The presence of galactose, glucose, fructose, arabinose, rhamnose in fractions of GRPS and SP and glucose and xylose in HC was proved. The quantitative content of polysaccharide fractions was studied. The predominant fraction in the polysaccharide complex of shoots and leaves of black currant is pectin substances.