Special Period Research Articles

医药电子商务的服务质量对顾客满意度的影响 -感知价值的中介效应-

As of January 2021, the number of Internet users worldwide reached 4.66 billion, with a penetration rate of 59.5 percent. The COVID-19 pandemic is driving consumers to the Internet for shopping. 77％ of the world’s Internet users shop online every month. In order to reduce the risk of cross-infection in public places, purchasing drugs through the Internet has also become a safer and more convenient way to obtain drugs. 72% of American adults buy medicines online, more than 90% of pharmacies owned by the European Pharmacists Association order medicines online, and one in five medicines in Switzerland are sold over the Internet. Although China’s pharmaceutical e-commerce industry started late, it has developed rapidly. 60.3% of the residents said they had used e-commerce platforms to buy medicine in the past year, and the frequency of buying medicine reached 5.8 times per person per year. During the special period of COVID-19, consumers became more and more accepting of online drug purchase. Therefore, it is helpful to guide the development direction of the industry to grasp the satisfaction degree of consumers on the quality of medical e-commerce service. The influence of medical e-commerce service quality on customer satisfaction was analyzed from five dimensions of medical e-commerce service reliability, response service enthusiasm, website service security, product service economy and logistics service quickness. At the same time, it also studies the mediating effect of consumer perceived value on service quality and satisfaction of e-commerce. Based on the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model, this study extracted the relationship among service quality, perceived value and Customer Satisfaction in the model, combined with the SERVQUAL conceptual model of service quality. Based on the existing research results, set up a questionnaire and conduct investigation and analysis. Factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and mediating effect test were used to study the data through SPSS 26. It is concluded that perceived value has a mediating effect on the effect of service quality of pharmaceutical e-commerce on customer satisfaction: service reliability of e-commerce, enthusiasm of response service, website service security, economy of product and service, and speed of logistics service. Through the research shows that medical e-commerce should strengthen the platform brand construction; In the pharmaceutical retail market to try to reduce drug prices; And should speed up the development of network technology; To ensure the security and stability of network services; Improve the intelligent level of logistics service to improve the efficiency of distribution. Emphasis should be placed on improving the professionalism and affinity of medical e-commerce service personnel to increase consumer trust. We will promote the steady and healthy development of the pharmaceutical e-commerce industry.

ДЕРЖАВНА СИСТЕМА СТРАХОВОГО ФОНДУ ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЇ ЯК ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА СКЛАДОВА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН І ШЛЯХИ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ

The essence of the concepts “insurance fund of documentation”, “state system of insurance fund of documentation” is revealed. The role and significance of the state system of the insurance fund of documentation is determined in preservation of the documented information necessary for needs of defense of Ukraine, delivery to the production, operation and repair of production of defense, mobilization and economic function, for carrying out construction (reconstruction) works during liquidation of emergencies and in special period. It is emphasized that the current state of man-made and environmental security and external threats require reforming the state system of insurance documentation, improving public administration in this field, establishing clear cooperation between the components of the security and defense sector to address the objectives. The current state of the system is considered: its organizational and legal bases and specific features as branches of public administration. It was emphasized that the state system of the insurance fund of documentation is able to effectively solve important strategic, defense and mobilization tasks aimed at ensuring man-made security in the country, performing the function of maintaining the State Register of potentially dangerous objects. It is noted that today this register is a unique and the only database in the country, which contains extensive and up-to-date information on man-made objects of all forms of ownership, which allows using its information to identify potential risks of regions, individual districts, separate territories, specific objects and development of the corresponding administrative decisions concerning prevention of dangerous events in the course of operation, construction and reconstruction of industrial and civil objects. The need for a comprehensive approach to addressing issues related to improving the mechanism of management of the state insurance fund documentation system has been proved, in order to ensure its effective functioning for the realization of national interests of Ukraine in the field of national security, defense and economy.

Willingness to Donate Remnant Human Biospecimens in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Studies using biospecimens can help reveal pathogenic mechanisms and improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. However, there is still a lack of relevant investigation data, which can provide initial evidence for establishing or improving relevant laws and regulations, on people's willingness to donate biospecimens, and whether they agree to waive the right of obtaining informed consent in the special period of sudden outbreak of new infectious diseases. Objectives: To investigate people's willingness to donate their remnant biospecimens of clinical tests for research in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their willingness to sign the informed consent for research using their biospecimens. Methods: We conducted a survey using an online questionnaire, which included questions on basic personal information, COVID-19-related information, donation of remnant biospecimens, willingness to sign informed consent, and reasons to do so. Results: Among the 721 valid responses, 620 respondents (86.0%) reported that they would be willing to donate their remnant biospecimens for research, of whom 434 (70.0%) reported that they would donate their remnant biospecimens without signing the informed consent. Of the 11 specified influencing factors, occupation, household income, and degree of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with willingness to donate remnant biospecimens. Gender and age were associated with willingness to donate remnant biospecimens without signing the informed consent. The main reasons for unwillingness to donate remnant biospecimens and sign the informed consent were a limited knowledge of research and privacy concerns. Conclusions: Most respondents reported that they would be willing to donate their remnant biospecimens for biomedical research without signing an informed consent in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of understanding of the proposed research and concerns about personal privacy were the main reasons for unwillingness to donate biospecimens and signing the informed consent.

Bittersweet solidarity: Cuba, Sugar and the Soviet bloc

This paper traces the complex sugar trade between Cuba and the East European Socialist states (the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Hungary) from the Cuban revolution in 1959 until the dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in 1991. To Cuba, selling its sugar to the Socialist states at above-world market prices was an expression of East European states’socialist solidarity. To the bloc states, it was a form of economic aid to Cuba. This formulation not only went against the preferred form of exchange within the CMEA, namely cooperation based on mutual interest but also incensed the Cubans who felt the revolution was entitled to the support of all Socialist states from Berlin to Moscow. Amid this complicated relationship, the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev posed a serious challenge to Cuba, which was unprepared to face the free market. The result was a loss of foreign markets and a severe domestic crisis known as the Special Period.
 This work seeks to provide a new reading of the ebb and flow between Cuba and its Socialist trading partners, relying on the views expressed in the candid reports of the East European diplomats and experts, who were involved in the day-to-day managing of their respective states’ economic relations with the Caribbean nation. It is based on original research in foreign ministry, party, and security services archives of the East European states. It also utilizes primary material originating from the Cuban foreign ministry.

Urban Catalyst Theory and the Renewal of Old Community Road Space Under the background of Industry 4.0

Nowadays, in the special period of post-epidemic era and industry 4.0, "community" as an important part of the city has become the focus of attention of all sectors of society. Roadways are closely related to the life of the community residents in the space composition of the old communities, which profoundly affects the daily communication and life of the residents living in the community, so the renewal and design of residential roadways in old communities has been a central issue to drive the renovation of communities and revitalize cities. In this paper, based on the theory of urban catalysts, the residential roadways of Sanyi Village in Tanhualin Community in Wuhan are studied from the aspects of the introduction of catalysts, spatial linkage, guidance and follow-up to explore how to integrate the catalysts theory to improve the quality of the community within the limited roadway space of the old communities

COVID-19's short-term local influence on China's external economy and its overall controllability

The COVID-19 outbroke in the special period near the end of 2019 in the special period of the new year, this paper estimates the impact of the epidemic on the foreign economic trend in the short and long term from the structural level of China's current statistics, and puts forward new ideas through analyzing the risk management of transaction. Finally, the paper puts forward the measures that should be taken in the face of the epidemic, and strive to make due contributions to the realization of the national anti epidemic.

Poznanie i rozumienie natury dziecka warunkiem skutecznego oddziaływania edukacyjnego

Childhood is a special period in human life, and it is characterized by a specific logic of thinking. The way the child perceives and understands the world as regards its material, non-material, and social aspects, is entirely different from that of an adult person. The child experiences emotions and applies moral requirements in his own way. The presented study aims to show the specific functioning of children in the surrounding world. It also undertakes to indicate the possible role of educators in the field of getting to know the essence and nature of a child.

Особый период в кубинской истории (1991-2000)

The modern socio-economic model of Cuba is a unique example of an attempt to build a welfare state in extremely unfavorable conditions. Over the course of 30 years, since the collapse of the USSR and the so-cialist bloc, Cuban society has undergone several major transfor-mations, the most radical were the reforms of Raul Castro, which began in 2008 and were finally enshrined in the new constitution 11 years lat-er. In this article, the author puts forward a hypothesis that these re-forms are not something qualitatively new, but rather reflect the acceler-ating pace of transformations that were laid back during the "special pe-riod in peacetime", the most critical stage in the adaptation of Cuban society to new foreign economic and foreign policy realities. The author analyzes the key features of the economic policy of the Cuban govern-ment during this period, as well as its specific features in comparison with the neoliberal reforms that became mainstream for the post-soviet states.

The possibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy course adjustment for delayed operation of patients with esophageal cancer in special period

Objective: To investigate the effect of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy course adjustment on the patients with esophageal cancer underwent delayed operation. Methods: The clinical data of patients with esophageal cancer treated in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2019-2020, who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy strategy adjustment (multiple course chemotherapy group) or not (control group), were retrospectively studied. The clinical pathological characteristics and postoperative complication of these two group were compared and analyzed. Results: The cases who underwent the interval between chemotherapy and operation more than 4 weeks in multiple course chemotherapy group and control group were 17 and 6, with significant difference (P<0.05). The average operative blood loss of these two groups were 88.6 ml and 46.1 ml, the average postoperative hospital stays were 14.7 days and 10.0 days, with significant difference (P<0.05). The incidence rate of postoperative complication in the multiple course chemotherapy group was 40.9% (9/22), not significantly different from 31.8% (7/22) of control group (P>0.05). There were no death within postoperative 7 days and 30 days in both groups. Cases with apparent tumor regression [tumor regression grade (TRG) 1 to 3] in multiple course chemotherapy group were 14, with marginal tumor regression (TRG 4 to 5) were 8, while there were 7 and 15 in the control group, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). After multiple neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the imaging examination of patients indicated an almost total tumor degradation and the postoperative pathology showed no residual malignant tumor tissue was observed. Conclusions: Increased neoadjuvant chemotherapy course for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer can obtain more obvious tumor degradation response. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy adjustment according to the operation schedule is recommended.

Impact of treatment delays on vitiligo during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study.

Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, routine treatments are delayed to some extent and their negative impacts have been widely reported. However, virtually nothing is known about vitiligo in the context of COVID‐19. Therefore, we analyzed treatment delays and its impact on vitiligo, aiming to provide suggestions on vitiligo management within this special period. We performed a retrospective cohort study on 322 patients who visited our clinics at least 2 times from January to December 2020, and their medical records and photographs were reviewed. Patients were divided into normal (n = 155) and late group (n = 167) based on whether experienced treatment delays. As for the active cases, the late group showed higher progression rate than normal group (35 of 86 [40.7%] vs. 10 of 81 [12.3%]; p = 0.002). Moreover, we observed higher recurrence rate in delay group than those of normal group (26 of 81[32.1%] vs. 9 of 74 [12.2%]; p = 0.018) among stable cases. Further univariate and multivariate analysis determined treatment delays as the most important independent risk factor for disease progression and recurrence, and maintenance therapy (>2 years) as a protective factor against recurrence. This study, for the first time, revealed the independent adverse impact of treatment delays on the progression and recurrence of vitiligo and indicated the significance of continuous treatment for halting progression and long‐term maintenance therapy for preventing recurrence for vitiligo, which should be highly valued in the management of vitiligo during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

COVID effect on retailing: a study on consumers’ retailer preferences during economic recession periods: evidence from Turkey as a predominantly Muslim society

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore consumers’ retailer preferences during economic growth and recession periods in a Muslim-intensive country, and to compare the efficiency of retailers of different formats.Design/methodology/approachThe data of the retailers operating in different formats in the first two quarters of 2018–2020 are used in the study. The data are analyzed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The inputs of the DEA model are personnel expenses, rent costs and advertising expenses; and the outputs are sales and profits, which are the main objective of businesses. Because of the structure of the data, the non-oriented approach is used. The efficiency of retailers is determined in the study with super efficiency, which allows retailers to rank their productivity.FindingsFindings of study present that consumers exhibited price-oriented behaviors during economic recession periods. DEA findings shows that discount stores are the most efficient retailers. However, study findings also reveal that retailers who support cost-reduction strategies with promotion activities are more efficient than others during economic recession periods.Practical implicationsRecommendations are made for the decision makers of the retailers in line with the findings of the study.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by evaluating the consumer preferences and the efficiency of retailers in COVID-19 outbreak period, which is one of the most special periods in world history.

Predicting emergency department visits in a large teaching hospital

BackgroundEmergency department (ED) visits show a high volatility over time. Therefore, EDs are likely to be crowded at peak-volume moments. ED crowding is a widely reported problem with negative consequences for patients as well as staff. Previous studies on the predictive value of weather variables on ED visits show conflicting results. Also, no such studies were performed in the Netherlands. Therefore, we evaluated prediction models for the number of ED visits in our large the Netherlands teaching hospital based on calendar and weather variables as potential predictors.MethodsData on all ED visits from June 2016 until December 31, 2019, were extracted. The 2016–2018 data were used as training set, the 2019 data as test set. Weather data were extracted from three publicly available datasets from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Weather observations in proximity of the hospital were used to predict the weather in the hospital’s catchment area by applying the inverse distance weighting interpolation method. The predictability of daily ED visits was examined by creating linear prediction models using stepwise selection; the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used as measurement of fit.ResultsThe number of daily ED visits shows a positive time trend and a large impact of calendar events (higher on Mondays and Fridays, lower on Saturdays and Sundays, higher at special times such as carnival, lower in holidays falling on Monday through Saturday, and summer vacation). The weather itself was a better predictor than weather volatility, but only showed a small effect; the calendar-only prediction model had very similar coefficients to the calendar+weather model for the days of the week, time trend, and special time periods (both MAPE’s were 8.7%).ConclusionsBecause of this similar performance, and the inaccuracy caused by weather forecasts, we decided the calendar-only model would be most useful in our hospital; it can probably be transferred for use in EDs of the same size and in a similar region. However, the variability in ED visits is considerable. Therefore, one should always anticipate potential unforeseen spikes and dips in ED visits that are not shown by the model.

Dancing the Butterfly: Trans-Caribbean Cultural Consumption in Special Period Cuba

This paper takes as its starting point memories of an encounter which saw a Jamaican dancehall queen perform on a locally produced television show in Santiago de Cuba at the height of the Special Period economic crisis. I propose that this encounter was a harbinger of subsequent experiences of popular culture consumption in contemporary Cuba, while also drawing from histories of regional connection that placed Santiago de Cuba in a constellation of trans-Caribbean exchanges. The moment shows how, during the Special Period crisis, media producers sought new paths through which to navigate the technological challenges of making television amidst material shortages, and in doing so created new imaginaries of a transnational consumer culture which featured (specific and appropriate) newly built spaces of leisure and distinctive brands of consumption. The television broadcast was a consciously crafted mediation of emerging consumer cultures that at once repudiated and represented the everyday experience of Cuban society as rooted in crisis, scarcity, and socialist taste hierarchies.

Afterword: Things and The Imponderabilia of Actual Life in Cuba

Following the thematic arc of the essays in this collection, and adding the author’s own reminiscences about fieldwork in Cuba, this afterword reflects on what a material semiotic approach towards a world of things thrown into disarray can reveal about what Malinowski once called “the imponderabilia of actual life” in Cuba during the “Special Period in Times of Peace”.

Social media communication of the scientific and technological literature in emergency under COVID-19

PurposeThis paper takes the current COVID-19 pandemic raging around the world as a realistic background and uses the informal scientific communication mode in social media as the theoretical basis. It aims to explore the characteristics and rules of scientific communication in social media under emergency events, grasp the potential and risks of scientific communication in social media in special times and provide a perspective of academic communication for the scientific response.Design/methodology/approachThe authors select the enumeration data of the early COVID-19 theme papers spread on social media networks as the research object, apply descriptive statistical analysis to the basic statistical distribution of variables and use factor analysis and visualization methods to explore the law and characteristics of the spread of scientific papers on social media platforms.FindingsIt was found that users of the COVID-19 paper are mainly in North America, Europe and South America, followed by those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania. The users are mainly public figures, doctors and other practitioners, science communicators and scientists. The process of social media communication reflects three ways of knowledge construction, social interaction and academic communication, and there are three ways of communication law and changing trend of cross transition and integration.Originality/valueThis study observes the function and role of science communication in social media in a special period from a unique perspective of academic communication, so as to promote academic means to fight against the epidemic.

Preface

It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Control and Robotics (EECR 2021), which will be held during January 21-23, 2021 in full virtual style.The safety and well-being of participants is always of paramount importance. This year, considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the severe travel restrictions worldwide, after careful consideration and following some participants’ suggestions, the organizing committees decided to convert EECR 2021 into a fully virtual conference. It has been a very difficult decision, but it has also given to all of us an opportunity to innovate and to test a new style of conference in a safer and convenient way in this special period. We hope EECR 2021 can provide an online platform for every participant to communicate and to share ideas about electrical engineering, control and robotics.The volume includes 53 selected papers which were submitted to the conference from universities, research institutes and industries. Much of the credit of the success of the conference is due to topic coordinators who have devoted their expertise and experience in promoting and in general co-ordination of the activities for the organization and operation of the conference. The coordinators of various session topics have devoted a considerable time and energy in soliciting papers from relevant researchers for presentation at the conference. On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we wish to thank all the keynote speakers and authors of selected papers for their outstanding contributions. We would also like to thank members of the organizing committee, anonymous reviewers and volunteers for their great efforts. Without their contribution, dedication and commitment, we would not have achieved so much.We hope this success can develop into persistent success in future years, involving attendees and speakers from all corners of the globe and all countries. And we believe with the strong support of all participants, professors, scholars, etc., this conference will be more distinctive. We sincerely hope you have an excellent time during EECR 2021. Thank you all for your efforts to make this conference a success.List of Virtual Disclaimer, Conference Committee, Advisory Committee, Conference Chairs, Conference Co-Chair, Program Chairs, TPC Advisory Committee, Local Organizing Committee, Technical Committees are available in the pdf

Molecular characterization of gaseous and particulate oxygenated compounds at a remote site in Cape Corsica in the western Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. The characterization of the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol is key to understanding the processes involved in the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosol. Therefore a technique using active sampling on cartridges and filters and derivatization followed by analysis using a thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (TD–GC–MS) has been used. It is aimed at studying the molecular composition of organic carbon in both gaseous and aerosol phases (PM2.5) during an intensive field campaign which took place in Corsica (France) during the summer of 2013: the ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) SOP1b (Special Observation Period 1B) campaign. These measurements led to the identification of 51 oxygenated (carbonyl and or hydroxyl) compounds in the gaseous phase with concentrations between 21 and 3900 ng m−3 and of 85 compounds in the particulate phase with concentrations between 0.3 and 277 ng m−3. Comparisons of these measurements with collocated data using other techniques have been conducted, showing fair agreement in general for most species except for glyoxal in the gas phase and malonic, tartaric, malic and succinic acids in the particle phase, with disagreements that can reach up to a factor of 8 and 20 on average, respectively, for the latter two acids. Comparison between the sum of all compounds identified by TD–GC–MS in the particle phase and the total organic matter (OM) mass reveals that on average 18 % of the total OM mass can be explained by the compounds measured by TD–GC–MS. This number increases to 24 % of the total water-soluble OM (WSOM) measured by coupling the Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS)-TOC (total organic carbon) if we consider only the sum of the soluble compounds measured by TD–GC–MS. This highlights the important fraction of the OM mass identified by these measurements but also the relative important fraction of OM mass remaining unidentified during the campaign and therefore the complexity of characterizing exhaustively the organic aerosol (OA) molecular chemical composition. The fraction of OM measured by TD–GC–MS is largely dominated by di-carboxylic acids, which represent 49 % of the PM2.5 content detected and quantified by this technique. Other contributions to PM2.5 composition measured by TD–GC–MS are then represented by tri-carboxylic acids (15 %), alcohols (13 %), aldehydes (10 %), di-hydroxy-carboxylic acids (5 %), monocarboxylic acids and ketones (3 % each), and hydroxyl-carboxylic acids (2 %). These results highlight the importance of polyfunctionalized carboxylic acids for OM, while the chemical processes responsible for their formation in both phases remain uncertain. While not measured by the TD–GC–MS technique, humic-like substances (HULISs) represent the most abundant identified species in the aerosol, contributing for 59 % of the total OM mass on average during the campaign. A total of 14 compounds were detected and quantified in both phases, allowing the calculation of experimental partitioning coefficients for these species. The comparison of these experimental partitioning coefficients with theoretical ones, estimated by three different models, reveals large discrepancies varying from 2 to 7 orders of magnitude. These results suggest that the supposed instantaneous equilibrium being established between gaseous and particulate phases assuming a homogeneous non-viscous particle phase is questionable.

The Formation Mechanism of Organizational Resilience of Enterprises in the Context of Anti-globalization: A Case Study Based on Huawei

Drawn from a literature review, this paper extracts the research framework of the organizational resilience response process under global political risks, innovatively proposes the concepts of resilience foundation and resilience activation, which are ignored by the existing literature, and introduces them into the framework. Based on this framework, this paper adopts the vertical single case study method and chooses Huawei, which is subjected to U.S. sanctions, as example, to explore the formation mechanism of the organizational resilience of Chinese high-tech enterprises in the context of anti-globalization. The results show that:（1）Organizational resilience under global political risks depends highly on the ability to identify risks in the initial stage.（2）Resilience foundation and risk culture can explain whether enterprises choose to activate resilience after identifying political risks.（3）Increasing flexibility is the preferred direction for resilience activation, while increasing redundancy is a strategy of resilience activation in high-risk environments.（4）Resilience of each subsystem of the enterprise determines the overall resilience performance of the enterprise under political sanctions initiated by other countries.This paper has the following theoretical contributions: Firstly, it incorporates anti-globalization in other countries into unfavorable events that may cause organizational business interruption, constructs a theoretical model for Chinese enterprises to resist global political risks, and reveals the formation mechanism of organizational resilience in such special periods. Secondly, it innovatively introduces two constructs, resilience foundation and resilience activation, into the researches of the field of organizational resilience, and launches an in-depth analysis. Finally, it expands the scope of researches in the field of political sanctions, and explains how to maintain organizational resilience under political sanctions from the perspective of sanctioned enterprises, which supplements the existing literature. In addition, this paper provides the following enlightenment for Chinese high-tech enterprises that may be affected by global political risks: Proactive risk identification must be initiated, resilience foundation should be improved, resilience response should be activated in a timely manner, and strategic adjustments should be implemented accordingly.

A importância da odontologia para as gestantes: Uma breve revisão

Este artigo consiste em uma revisão da literatura que aborda a relação entre odontologia e gestação, tanto em aspectos fisiológicos – transmissibilidade de microorganismos orais da mãe para a criança – quanto em aspectos psicológicos – percepção das condições de saúde bucal pelas gestantes. A gestação é um período especial na vida da mulher, no qual ela se torna mais receptiva à modificação de hábitos já adquiridos e à aquisição de novos comportamentos. Nesse contexto, é extremamente importante que o profissional conheça como a gestante percebe sua condição bucal, pois é a partir dessa percepção que ela irá moldar seu comportamento. Para os serviços de saúde, é a partir desse conhecimento que podem ser desenvolvidos programas educativos multidisciplinares que priorizem o pré-natal odontológico e garantam a precocidade da educação. É necessário que as gestantes desenvolvam uma gradual conscientização da importância de manter boas condições de saúde bucal, o que possibilitará reduzir a experiência de cárie na dentição de seus filhos.

“Military Parade Blue Skies” in Beijing: Decisive Influence of Meteorological Factors on Transport Channel and Atmospheric Pollutant Concentration Level

The severity of high atmospheric pollution has been a major social problem in northern China. To improve the air quality in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region and guarantee a suitable environment during the military parade and other celebrating activities for the 70th anniversary of the victory for anti-Fascist Warcraft in the year 2015, a series of strict air quality control policies were carried out. To analyze the reduction extents of PM2.5 and organic matter components during the control period and to examine the meteorological conditions in this region and their decisive influence on the air quality, PM2.5 samples were collected and the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART was performed to calculate potential source locations within the BTH region. PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and three species types were specifically analyzed. Although the results showed that PM2.5, OC, and EC reduced by 64.55%, 48.74%, and 60.75% during the control period, the air mass transport patterns showed great difference at certain periods, which altered the dominant transport direction of air mass and the potential source region of pollutants and organic matters. This alteration completely changed major atmospheric pollutants sources contribution and caused huge concentration changes. Parallel cases also showed that meteorological conditions could avoid massive atmospheric transported from a major emission source region to a receptor site. The meteorological conditions changed the main contribution source region in control and non-control periods and proved the air quality control measures were less necessary in some southern Hebei cities during special events periods.