Abstract
The modern socio-economic model of Cuba is a unique example of an attempt to build a welfare state in extremely unfavorable conditions. Over the course of 30 years, since the collapse of the USSR and the so-cialist bloc, Cuban society has undergone several major transfor-mations, the most radical were the reforms of Raul Castro, which began in 2008 and were finally enshrined in the new constitution 11 years lat-er. In this article, the author puts forward a hypothesis that these re-forms are not something qualitatively new, but rather reflect the acceler-ating pace of transformations that were laid back during the "special pe-riod in peacetime", the most critical stage in the adaptation of Cuban society to new foreign economic and foreign policy realities. The author analyzes the key features of the economic policy of the Cuban govern-ment during this period, as well as its specific features in comparison with the neoliberal reforms that became mainstream for the post-soviet states.
Highlights
The modern socio-economic model of Cuba is a unique example of an attempt to build a welfare state in extremely unfavorable conditions
Over the course of 30 years, since the collapse of the USSR and the socialist bloc, Cuban society has undergone several major transformations, the most radical were the reforms of Raul Castro, which began in 2008 and were enshrined in the new constitution 11 years later
The author puts forward a hypothesis that these reforms are not something qualitatively new, but rather reflect the accelerating pace of transformations that were laid back during the "special period in peacetime", the most critical stage in the adaptation of Cuban society to new foreign economic and foreign policy realities
Summary
В первый год ВВП страны сократился на треть, североамериканское эмбарго еще более ужесточилось и приняло экстерриториальный характер[7]. Эти рекомендации укладывались в основной тренд неолиберальной глобализации, в ходе которого постсоветские страны встраивались в рыночную систему международного разделения труда проводя приватизацию, сокращая социальные расходы и обеспечивая беспрепят-. По мнению кубинского политического руководства принятие неолиберальных рецептов неизбежно привело бы к восстановлению экономической и политической зависимости от США, демонтажу социальных основ государства и неизбежному регрессу социальной сферы[9]. Поэтому «шоковая терапия» была признана неприемлемым вариантом выхода из кризиса и в обществе началось широкое обсуждение возможных вариантов реформирования модели, которые позволили бы сохранить основы кубинского общества, но при этом получить необходимые для развития ресурсы на мировых рынках, а также увеличить экономическую эффективность
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