Special Elements Research Articles

Mini-Workshop: Growth and Expansion in Groups

The aim of the workshop was to give a panoramic view of the main lines of research on various aspects of growth and expansion in finite groups. The main topics included: diameter bounds for Cayley graphs of alternating and classical groups, with results for generating sets that can be arbitrary, random, or containing special elements; constructions of expander families of finite simple groups, with the use of property (T); and character bounds for finite simple groups, yielding applications to word map problems and random walks on Cayley graphs. A series of smaller topics explored connections and similarities to different problems in group theory.

The Computational Tools to Identify DNA Repeats and Motifs: A Systematic Review.

DNA repeats and motifs are specific nucleotide patterns/DNA sequences frequently present in the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Computational identification of these discrete patterns is of considerable importance since they are associated with gene regulation, genomic instability, and genetic diversity and result in a variety of diseases/disorders. In this article, the myriad of computational tools/algorithms and databases (~200 distinct resources) implicated in the detection of DNA repeats and motifs have been enlisted. This article will not only provide guidance to the users regarding the accuracy, reliability, and popularity (reflected by the citation index) of currently available tools but also enable them to select the best tool(s) to carry out a desired task. The structured literature review, with its dependable and reproducible research process, allowed us to acquire 200 peer-reviewed publications from indexing databases, such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and EMBASE, by utilizing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) regulations. Numerous keyword combinations regarding DNA repeats and motifs were used to create the query syntax. Initially, 3,233 research publications were retrieved, and 200 of them that satisfied the eligibility criteria for the detection and identification of DNA repeats and motifs by computational tools were chosen. A total of 200 research publications were recovered, of which 99 dealt with repeat prediction tools, 12 with repetitive sequence databases, 19 with specialized regulatory element databases, and 69 with motif prediction tools. This article lists numerous databases and computational tools/algorithms (~ 200 different resources) that are involved in the identification of DNA repeats and motifs. It will help users choose the appropriate tool(s) for carrying out a particular task in addition to offering guidance on the reliability, dependability, and popularity (as indicated by the citation index) of currently available tools.

Strategic human capital analytics and new venture performance: role of dual nationality founding member

PurposeStrategic human capital analytics (SHCA) has proven to be promising for improved organizational performance; however, research remains unclear about its influence on new venture performance. Building on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV), this study investigates the relationship between SHCA and new venture performance via generative capabilities with the moderating role of dual nationality founding members.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research study has been carried out. Data was collected via a survey form from 313 founding members of new tech ventures and analyzed using Hayes process macro model.FindingsResearch results show that the generative capability mediates the linkages between SHCA and new venture performance. Whereas, the dual nationality of a founding member strengthens the linkages between SHCA and generative capability due to their diverse perspective, larger networks, cognitive flexibility, and resilience, which are important for generative capabilities and SHCA.Originality/valueThe originality of these results lies in the exploration of the linkages between dual nationality and generative capability, as well as the special elements, such as diverse perspectives, larger networks, cognitive flexibility, and resilience, which are highlighted as possible advantages of dual nationality in the context of SHCA and new venture performance.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Artwork Pricing

Artworks, as unique commodities, possess both properties and aesthetic value. For consumers, understanding the factors affecting artwork pricing can mitigate the risks associated with market pitfalls. For collectors intending to sell artworks, knowing the factors influencing the pricing of artworks can help them better assess the value of their collections and make more informed decisions on when, where and how to sell. This paper analyzes the influencing factors on art prices from three perspectives: intrinsic attributes of artworks, demand dynamics, and special elements of the art market. Each factor's variation can lead to significant fluctuations in art prices.

Analysis of the deformation of conical shells made by 4D Printing of composites

4D printing of composites (4DPC) is a technique that allows the manufacturing of composite structures to shape without the use of a complex-shaped mold. Instead, only a flat mold is utilized. This innovative technique has been employed to make composite leaf springs with performance comparable to metallic springs, omega stiffeners, and corrugated core for flexible wings. Recently, this technique was applied to fabricate composite conical shells. While experimental work has successfully demonstrated the transformation from flat to conical shape, the development of a numerical method to replicate this transformation is highly desirable. The availability of such method not only provides theoretical support for the experimental result, it also provides means to develop other shapes. The lay-up sequence for transforming flat to conical shapes involves curvilinear fibers. Most if not all finite elements currently available deal only with straight fibers (even though the boundaries of the element may be curved). The objective of this research is to examine the efficiency of the analysis for the deformation of composite from flat to curve made by 4DPC by special finite elements containing curved fibers. The developed finite elements were used to determine the shapes of conical shells made using multiple distinct lay-up sequences. The direction of bending in curvilinear fiber structures is significantly influenced by the orientation of the fibers. This highlights the critical role of fiber orientation and layer composition in achieving desired shapes in 4D printed composites.

Multi-objective optimization for a composite pressure vessel with unequal polar openings

Multi-objective parametric optimization problem is presented for overwrapped composite pressure vessels under internal pressure for storage and heating water. It is solved using the developed iterative optimization algorithm. Optimal values of design parameters for the vessel are obtained by varying the set of parameters for composite layers, such as the thickness of layers and radii of polar openings, which influence the distribution of fiber angles along the vessel. The suggested optimization methodology is based on the mechanical solution for composite vessels and the satisfaction of the main failure criteria. An innovative approach lies in the possibility of using the developed optimization methodology for designing vessels with non-symmetrical filament winding, which have unequal polar openings on the domes. This became possible due to the development of a special numerical mechanical finite element model of a composite vessel. A specific Python program provides the creation of a model and controls the exchange of data between the modules of the iterative optimization process. The numerical model includes the determination of the distribution of fiber angles on the domes and cylindrical part of the vessel as well as changes in layer thicknesses. The optimization problem solution is provided using a Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm, this type of method showed its efficiency for such applications, by allowing to avoid local solutions. Thus, optimal parameters of a composite vessel were found by minimizing composite mass and thickness and maximizing the strain energy. Test solutions using the developed methodology are presented for three types of composite materials to evaluate their possibility for integration into the vessel design model.

On the question concerning the concept of a special corpus delicti

The article considers the question of the concept and essence of a special corpus delicti. The author analyzes the available definitions of special elements of the crime and provides his own version of the definition. There is explored a debatable question of the ratio of special and qualified elements of crime and substantiated the opinion that the nature of these categories is different, since the criteria for their distinguishing and the rules for their construction differ. Sometimes a qualified corpus delicti simultaneously acts as a special one, but even in this case, the crime remains qualified in relation to the main crime, and it is seen as a special corpus delicti to the general crime, where the main crime and the general crime do not coincide. The author expresses an opinion about the necessity to eliminate technical and legal flaws in special crimes by developing rules of their structing.

Perceptions of organization, job attitudes, challenges, and solutions among medical school administrative staff.

Staff is essential to the university's efficient administrative operations, which are critical for education, research, and service. Medical schools, often independent, need specialized administrative elements. This study explores how medical school staff perceives the organization using the Six-Box model and evaluates their perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment based on the concept of job attitudes. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data via a convergent parallel design. It simultaneously collects and analyzes data from a survey and consensus workshop for medical school staff. The survey data were statistically analyzed (IBM SPSS ver. 25.0; IBM Corp., USA), and the workshop discussions were subjected to content analysis. The findings combined provide a comprehensive understanding of the medical school administrative system. Quantitative analysis revealed purpose (3.80) as the highest-rated organizational perception and rewards (2.72) as the lowest. Similarly, job satisfaction was highest (3.63) in job attitudes, while perceived organizational support (2.96) was the lowest. Group differences were observed by gender, enrollment capacity, and contract type (p<0.05). In qualitative research, keywords appeared in relation to their experiences within the medical school organization, encompassing doctor training, emotional responses, administrative features, personal attributes, and cultural influences. Overload, faculty issues, and communication gaps are obstacles. Strategies for overcoming these challenges focus on improving staff treatment, resource allocation, training, and communication channels. This study was conducted to explore a broad understanding of the administration of medical schools. Findings suggest challenges with workload, communication, and organizational support. We propose a dedicated medical school administrative system, improved work conditions, and enhanced communication.

A novel hybrid boundary element for polygonal holes with rounded corners in two-dimensional anisotropic elastic solids

A novel hybrid boundary element is developed for polygonal holes in finite anisotropic elastic plates based on two different special fundamental solutions for holes. Since these special fundamental solutions satisfy traction-free condition along the hole's boundary, there is no mesh required on the boundary of polygonal holes. Various types of polygonal holes with rounded corners, such as triangles, rhombuses, ovals, pentagons, are considered by adding proper perturbation to an elliptical hole. The developed hybrid element is a mixture of two special boundary elements: one is based on the special fundamental solution derived through nonconformal mapping and the other is based on the solution derived through perturbation technique with conformal mapping. The special boundary element methods are combined through submodeling technique. First, the global model is solved using the perturbation solution. Then, using the displacements obtained from global model, an auxiliary submodel is set up and the results are evaluated with the nonconformal solution. The present method is compared and validated with conventional boundary element method and finite element method. The effect of hole curvature, material anisotropy, and loading condition on the stress distribution around the hole is presented.

A Framework for Developing Tools to Predict PFAS Physical–Chemical Properties and Mass-Partitioning Parameters

A framework for developing predictive models for PFAS physical–chemical properties and mass-partitioning parameters is presented. The framework is based on the objective of developing tools that are of sufficient simplicity to be used rapidly and routinely for initial site investigations and risk assessments. This is accomplished by the use of bespoke PFAS-specific QSPR models. The development of these models entails aggregation and curation of measured data sets for a target property or parameter, supplemented by estimates produced with quantum–chemical ab initio predictions. The application of bespoke QSPR models for PFAS is illustrated with several examples, including partitioning to different interfaces, uptake by several fish species, and partitioning to four different biological materials. Reasonable correlations to molar volume were observed for all systems. One notable observation is that the slopes of all of the regression functions are similar. This suggests that the partitioning processes in all of these systems are to some degree mediated by the same mechanism, namely hydrophobic interaction. Special factors and elements requiring consideration in the development of predictive models are discussed, including differences in bulk-phase versus interface partitioning processes.

A Generic Framework for Finding Special Quadratic Elements in Data Streams

A Generic Framework for Finding Special Quadratic Elements in Data Streams

To What Extent Does Storytelling in Video Games Help Students with Their Moral Learning Development

The video enterprise is developing rapidly, and with the emergence of new games, their new strengths and boundaries have introduced greater proposals to suppose about the relationship between video games and character ethical development. Video games are a high-quality medium for storytelling in contrast to books or films, as gamers can immerse themselves in them extra deeply and as a consequence have a higher experience. Storytelling is a vital section of video games due to the fact we can analyze a lot from enjoying these video games and achieve a lot of perception into existence and ethical values. Storytelling in video games performs an essential position in the ethical improvement of younger people, and the storylines of video games can assist younger human beings in studying ethical values, boost advantageous behaviour, and enlarge their experience of social accountability and empathy. In any case, the special elements of video video games supply beneficial thought for improvements in ethical education. In the future, solely with the aid of returning to the essence of ethical training and searching at the testimonies advised in video games, searching at ethical training via the connotations of the plots in video games, and appreciation of the relationship between ethical schooling and video video games in an extra rational way, can we mix the two in an extra scientific way to reply the name for a new structure of ethical schooling in the new era.

FTIR, Raman spectroscopic, microstructure and neutron-particle interaction properties of Mo3+ doped cadmium zinc lithium-borate glasses

The application of different glass materials in the area of radiation shielding and charge particle attenuation has necessitated a comprehensive study of glass materials doped with special elements to examine the impact of the special element on the microstructure and shielding capabilities of resultant glass materials. In this study, the optical absorption spectra of Mo3+ doped cadmium zinc lithium borate glasses (BCZLMx) was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopic methods to ascertain the suitability of BCZLMx glass microstructure to neutron and charge particle attenuation. Results show that the absorption cross-section is the dominant contributor to the total cross section for all samples, ranging from 110.9 cm−1 to 111.7 cm−1. BCZLM1 glass sample appears to be slightly more effective at removing fast neutrons from the beam while BCZLM5 glasses are effective at stopping electrons, protons, alpha particles, and carbon ions when compared to the other BCZLMx glasses samples. This implies that doping cadmium zinc lithium borate glasses with Mo3+ reduces fast and thermal neutrons shielding potential and increased charge particles interaction of the BCZLMx glass system.

Sparsifiable spectral equivalence of DtN mapping and its application to elliptic problems

A sparsifiable spectrally equivalent preconditioner is developed for a special finite element discretization of two-dimensional elliptic problems. We start with a spectrally equivalent preconditioner which is closely related to the discrete Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) mappings in sub-domains. The fullness of discrete DtN mappings renders an essential difficulty for a direct implementation. Based on numerical evidences, we present a particular square root matrix that is spectrally equivalent to the discrete DtN mappings. Unfortunately, this square root matrix is still not sparsifiable. To remedy this problem, we resort to the Chebyshev rational approximation. Incorporated with the fast sine transforms, a sparsifiable and spectrally equivalent preconditioner is finally obtained. Numerical examples are provided to validate efficiency of the proposed preconditioning technique.

Features of bond-slip relations: 3D finite element analysis based on tests of short RC ties

The interaction between concrete and reinforcement is highly complex and is of fundamental importance for predicting the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. While the interaction of the two materials is often characterised by a bond – slip law, there are currently no such laws capable of accurately predicting serviceability characteristics, such as deflection, crack spacing, and width. This paper examines the effect of various parameters on the shape of bond – slip relation at loads before yielding of reinforcement. The study is based on a mesoscopic numerical analysis, utilizing the finite element method along with a friction cohesive zone model to explore the bond-slip phenomena in short RC ties. The numerical model is combined with an experimental campaign involving six short concrete ties reinforced with 20 mm bars. Steel strain profiles were monitored within the reinforcement using electrical strain gauges. These experimental steel strain profiles served as a robust tool for controlling and calibrating numerical models. The numerical models employed solid finite elements to simulate both reinforcement and concrete, with special zero-thickness plain elements applied to simulate the friction cohesive contact at the steel-concrete interface. Bond-slip relations were obtained from the numerically modelled reinforcement strain profiles. It was shown that concrete strains can be ignored when assessing slip. The effect of the embedded length of reinforcement under the fully confined conditions was demonstrated to have little effect on bond-slip relations. It was also shown that the maximum bond stress is strongly related to the thickness of the concrete cover. The effect of load intensity on the bond – slip behaviour was investigated. It was shown that under full confinement, the initial bond stiffness was not affected by load intensity. However, degradation of bond stiffness with increasing load due to internal cracking took place in the RC ties with a small cover/diameter ratio.

Some Remarks Regarding Special Elements in Algebras Obtained by the Cayley–Dickson Process over Zp

In this paper, we provide some properties of k-potent elements in algebras obtained by the Cayley–Dickson process over Zp. Moreover, we find a structure of nonunitary ring over Fibonacci quaternions over Z3 and we present a method to encrypt plain texts, by using invertible elements in some of these algebras.

Peridynamic numerical investigation of asymmetric strain-controlled fatigue behaviour using the kinetic theory of fracture

Numerical fatigue process modelling is complex and still an open task. Discontinuity caused by fatigue cracks requires special finite element techniques based on additional parameters, the selection of which has a strong effect on the simulation results. Moreover, the calculation of fatigue life according to empirical material coefficients (e.g., Paris law) does not explain the process, and coefficients should be set from experimental testing, which is not always possible. A new nonlocal continuum mechanics formulation without spatial derivative of coordinates, namely, peridynamics (PD), which was created 20 y ago, provides new opportunities for modelling discontinuities, such as fatigue cracks. The fatigue process can be better described by using the atomistic approach-based kinetic theory of fracture (KTF), which includes the process temperature, maximum and minimum stresses, and loading frequency in its differential fatigue damage equation. Standard 316L stainless steel specimens are tested, and then the KTF-PD fatigue simulation is run in this study. In-house MATLAB code, calibrated from the material S‒N curve, is used for the KTF-PD simulation. A novel KTF equation based on the cycle stress‒strain hysteresis loop is proposed and applied to predict fatigue life. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results, and good agreement is observed for both symmetric and asymmetric cyclic loading.

Об уголовной ответственности владельца за вред, причиненный домашним животным (собакой) третьим лицам

The laws of Russia and some foreign states have no special criminal law provisions that establish the liability of the owner for damage caused by his/her pet (dog) to third parties. The article reviews issues of qualification of such acts under the laws of Russia and foreign countries. A comparative analysis of laws of some foreign states and Russia that regulate the bases and procedure for bringing pet dog owners to the legal liability for damage caused by them to health of third parties has shown the unity of approaches towards strict legal liability including criminal liability of such owners in cases of gross violation of rules for handling their pets. At the same time, countries apply different approaches within their jurisdiction to solving the issue of specification of criminal laws applicable to the cases under consideration by singling out or refusing to single out special elements of crimes for violation of pet handling rules. The task of determination of legally relevant attributes of the link between the crime subject (dog owner), behavior of his/her pet and actions/inactivity of the victim seems relevant for the Russian criminal law practice.

Fatigue assessment of suspended inter-array power cables for floating offshore wind turbines

The present paper aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of suspended inter-array power cables connecting two floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Two spar FOWTs interconnected with a dynamic power cable are chosen as the base configuration for the present investigation. The base configuration is modeled in the dynamic analysis software OrcaFlex. The relationship between the axial tensions and curvatures of the power cable and its stresses is obtained by cross-section analysis in UFLEX (special purpose Finite Element program for nonlinear stress analysis of complex umbilical and cable cross-sections). Several different environmental conditions and load directions are applied. A fatigue life of 85 years is determined for the base configuration, with curvature-induced stresses being identified as the main contributor to the fatigue damage. Effects of marine growth on the fatigue life of the power cable are investigated. It is observed that marine growth negatively affects the fatigue life of the power cable. A parametric study on the effect of the number of buoys attached to the cable on the fatigue life is performed. Decreasing the number of buoys below the optimal value leads to an increase in fatigue life due to lower curvatures. In addition to the base configuration, an alternative configuration using semi-submersible floaters is investigated under the same metocean conditions and cable geometry. The power cable fatigue life is higher for semi-submersible floaters compared to the spar floaters. The present findings reveal that the main reason is the reduced number of large amplitude curvature cycles. The critical component prone to fatigue failure for all evaluated cases is the armor layer, and the largest fatigue damage always occurs at buoy-cable connection points. The critical direction of environmental load resulting in the highest fatigue damage is found to be the load case where waves, wind and current approach the suspended cable in a crossflow direction.

Loss of CREBBP and KMT2D cooperate to accelerate lymphomagenesis and shape the lymphoma immune microenvironment

Despite regulating overlapping gene enhancers and pathways, CREBBP and KMT2D mutations recurrently co-occur in germinal center (GC) B cell-derived lymphomas, suggesting potential oncogenic cooperation. Herein, we report that combined haploinsufficiency of Crebbp and Kmt2d induces a more severe mouse lymphoma phenotype (vs either allele alone) and unexpectedly confers an immune evasive microenvironment manifesting as CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and reduced infiltration. This is linked to profound repression of immune synapse genes that mediate crosstalk with T-cells, resulting in aberrant GC B cell fate decisions. From the epigenetic perspective, we observe interaction and mutually dependent binding and function of CREBBP and KMT2D on chromatin. Their combined deficiency preferentially impairs activation of immune synapse-responsive super-enhancers, pointing to a particular dependency for both co-activators at these specialized regulatory elements. Together, our data provide an example where chromatin modifier mutations cooperatively shape and induce an immune-evasive microenvironment to facilitate lymphomagenesis.