Special Elements Research Articles

Tłumaczenie poezji w perspektywie tłumaczenia specjalistycznego

TRANSLATION OF POETRY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF SPECIALIST TRANSLATION The article considers literary texts from the point of view of their realisation of the informational function characteristic of specialised texts. The occurrence of such special elements as realia, proper names, terms in literary texts, and especially in poetic works, has also been pointed out. Attention was drawn to poems devoted to specialised issues, as in the case of Lomonosov’s ode on the benefit of glass. The conclusions to be drawn from this for translation concern first and foremost the endeavour to reproduce in translation the function performed by the ‘chains and grids’ of the aforementioned elements with a particular focus on the informative function. Such a view of text and translation allows the latter to be considered in the context of specialised translation, and by reversing this thought one can treat the translation of specialised texts as a creative work.

Terahertz amplification and lasing by using transverse electric modes in a two-layer-graphene-dielectric waveguide structure with direct current

We study for the first time the interaction between the waveguide modes of graphene structure and freely propagating terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves (this interaction takes place within the light cone). We revealed a new and rather unexpected physical phenomenon by showing that freely incident THz electromagnetic waves can resonate with the surface transverse electric (TE) modes of the graphene waveguide in virtue of these modes having their dispersions in the vicinity of the light cone. The dispersion and amplification of surface TE modes in a dielectric waveguide covered with two graphene layers biased by direct current (DC), as well the amplification and lasing of incident THz wave by excitation of TE mode resonances, are investigated. The DC flows perpendicular to the direction of the surface wave propagation and creates the capacitive complex conductivity of graphene at THz frequencies, which is necessary for the existence of surface TE modes in graphene. The real part of graphene conductivity can be negative at THz frequencies due to DC in graphene which leads to amplification and lasing of THz radiation. Such structure can be of great practical importance because an external THz wave can be amplified or generated in lasing process without using special coupling elements commonly needed for ensuring the interaction between external THz wave and surface waveguide modes. The use of a two-layer graphene structure makes it possible to reduce the charge–carrier drift velocity required for reaching the lasing threshold at those resonances, as compared to a structure with a single graphene layer.

Study of parameters of the avalanche diode generator

The article is devoted to the development and analysis of an avalanche diode generator. The equivalent circuit of the generator is considered and its simplified analysis is carried out. Using the elements of graphic analysis, the conditions of stability of generator oscillations were obtained. The original design of the avalanche diode generator is proposed and considered. A feature of the generator design is the use of a combined oscillating system, which is a three-dimensional resonator in the form of a metal ring made of aluminum alloy placed on a double-sided foil dielectric. Thanks to the top cover made of the same foil dielectric, the oscillating system has a closed nature. The electromagnetic energy supply and output system is made using printed technologies based on a double-sided foil dielectric. The avalanche diode is located in the center of this structure and has a thermal connection with the external radiator. On the one hand, such a decision allowed us to increase significantly the Q-factor of the oscillating system compared to the oscillating system made by the printed method and, at the same time, gave an opportunity to combine the developed auto-generator with other elements of the waveguide path made in the printed version. The developed generator has the possibility of both mechanical, by changing the volume of the resonator with the help of special backlash-free elements, and electronic adjustment, by changing the supply current. The article contains the results of experimental studies of the proposed design of the auto-generator, in particular the dependence of the output power on the frequency of oscillations and on the supply current, as well as the Q factor on the supply current. The research results indicate a fairly high Q-factor of such an oscillating system and, as a result, increased stability of oscillations. In addition, this design to a certain extent improves the overall manufacturability of the design and its material capacity in comparison with the waveguide version.

Problems of Criminal Law Regulation and Qualification of Acts Committed Using Electronic Means of Payment

The article presents an analysis of the provisions of the criminal law providing for responsibility for the theft of funds in a bank account and electronic money. Special attention is paid to the problems of qualifying deception as a method of committing fraud using electronic means of payment, its difference from deception, which can be used to secretly steal electronic funds. The article reveals the need to formulate the concept of deception in a crime under Art. 159.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The topical issues of qualification of fraud using electronic means of payment are investigated, taking into account changes in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the wording of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The analysis of judicial practice of various subjects of the Russian Federation on the qualification of crimes using payment cards is carried out. The main problems of qualification of thefts, special elements of fraud, other related elements of crimes, for which electronic means of payment are used, are considered. It is concluded that there is no consensus among lawyers and law enforcers on the qualification of theft using payment bank cards, which leads to disparate judicial practice on the crimes in question. Proposals are put forward to solve the identified problems. A forecast is made about an increase in the number of crimes using electronic means of payment. The legislator is invited to develop a unified approach in describing the signs of crimes committed with the help of modern computer technologies, and law enforcement agencies to develop relevant methods for preventing, detecting and counteracting them, as well as to develop a unified approach to the qualification of these crimes.

Physiologic Cyclical Load on Inguinal Hernia Scaffold ProFlor Turns Biological Response into Tissue Regeneration

Surgical repair of groin protrusions is one of the most frequently performed procedures. Currently, open or laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias with flat meshes deployed over the hernial defect is considered the gold standard. However, fixation of the implant, poor quality biologic response to meshes and defective management of the defect represent sources of continuous debates. To overcome these issues, a different treatment concept has recently been proposed. It is based on a 3D scaffold named ProFlor, a flower shaped multilamellar device compressible on all planes. This 3D device is introduced into the hernial opening and, thanks to its inherent centrifugal expansion, permanently obliterates the defect in fixation-free fashion. While being made of the same polypropylene material as conventional hernia implants, the 3D design of ProFlor confers a proprietary dynamic responsivity, which unlike the foreign body reaction of flat/static meshes, promotes a true regenerative response. A long series of scientific evidence confirms that, moving in compliance with the physiologic cyclical load of the groin, ProFlor attracts tissue growth factors inducing the development of newly formed muscular, vascular and nervous structures, thus re-establishing the inguinal barrier formerly wasted by hernia disease. The development up to complete maturation of these highly specialized tissue elements was followed thanks to biopsies excised from ProFlor from the short-term up to years post implantation. Immunohistochemistry made it possible to document the concurrence of specific growth factors in the regenerative phenomena. The results achieved with ProFlor likely demonstrate that modifying the two-dimensional design of hernia meshes into a 3D outline and arranging the device to respond to kinetic stresses turns a conventional regressive foreign body response into advanced probiotic tissue regeneration.

<p><strong>The Technology of Communicative Resistance in Wartime: The Example of Ukraine in 2022</strong></p>

The war in Ukraine, which broke out in 2014 and entered the full-scale stage in 2022, has its own long history, mythology and symbolism. As we know, the presence of an external enemy brings people together and actively consolidates the masses, and this is exactly what is happening in Ukraine. Starting from February 2022, the Ukrainian state and the broad mass of Ukrainian people unequivocally chose a position of resistance to Russian invasion, Russian propaganda and manipulative communicative technologies that are happening in parallel with the physical war itself. In a conflict situation, communication can be used by conflicting parties, if not for the purposes of diplomacy, then in order to increase their own power or reduce the power of the enemy. Watching the informal communicative space in Ukraine in 2022, we can discover a special element that has appeared and could be named the technology of communicative resistance. We analyse its nature and conclude that the main two factors – the development of institutions and networks of civil society actors, and the development of mass communication technologies in Ukraine – make it possible to effectively confront the enemy in communicative fields during the wartime.

The role of the environment in entrepreneurial propensity of youngsters’ business ideas

Entrepreneurship shows regional differences through countries’ history, economic environments, society and habits of individuals. Youngsters can think globally and have the highest skills to access information and know-how. This paper collects data from students’ project work from different countries and extract that information, which can give interesting input to describe regional effects on entrepreneurial propensity through a quantified semantic analysis. Youngsters from 12 countries received the same instructions to present their national economies and then create a business there. The fundamental question of the paper is that are there any definable attributes from the economic environment, which effect youngsters’ entrepreneurial propensity? How can we describe these effects? We linked values and made a numerical evaluation of youngsters’ business concepts, which gives not only a range but also the grade of the presence of local or regional elements. The results show that the more exact special elements of a national economy mentioned, the more barriers participants are aware of. The research concept and the results may give useful inputs in knowledge transfer and education of entrepreneurship.

Mechanical modeling of the maturation process for textile reinforced tissue‐engineered heart valves

AbstractBiohybrid tissue‐engineered implants offer promising possibilities to treat cardiovascular diseases. The ability of tissue‐engineered implants to grow and remodel can be utilized to produce implants that can adapt to changes in the physiological conditions within the patient body. To improve the mechanical properties of the implant, a fibre‐reinforced textile scaffold is used. The embedment of a load‐oriented textile scaffold in the implant acts as biomimetic reinforcement and guides the direction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) growth. Our main objective is to design biohybrid heart valves that can withstand tough physiological loading conditions for decades. That makes it necessary to develop accurate and efficient models to support the design process.In this paper, the focus is on the macro‐mechanical modeling of the maturation process for textile reinforced heart valves. A biohybrid heart valve is modeled as a composite structure. The constitutive model is constructed by defining the total Helmholtz free energy as the sum of energies of the valve constituents. The two main constituents are (i) the extracellular matrix (ECM) and (ii) the fiber‐reinforced textile scaffold. The density of protein fibers such as collagen and elastin fibers are treated as internal variables. We introduce a new approach for modeling the densification of protein fibers during the cultivation process which is capable of considering both static and dynamic cultivation processes. The model considers the density change caused by the immunological response as well as the density change due to mechanical stimulation. The textile scaffold anisotropic behavior is introduced using structural tensors. The constitutive models are then embedded into a special finite element technology with reduced integration that enables efficient computations. The finite element simulation results are then validated using the experimental data provided by BioTex (Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany). In the end, a finite element simulation for an exemplary valve is presented.

SSLAM: Speeded-Up Visual SLAM Mixing Artificial Markers and Temporary Keypoints.

Environment landmarks are generally employed by visual SLAM (vSLAM) methods in the form of keypoints. However, these landmarks are unstable over time because they belong to areas that tend to change, e.g., shadows or moving objects. To solve this, some other authors have proposed the combination of keypoints and artificial markers distributed in the environment so as to facilitate the tracking process in the long run. Artificial markers are special elements (similar to beacons) that can be permanently placed in the environment to facilitate tracking. In any case, these systems keep a set of keypoints that is not likely to be reused, thus unnecessarily increasing the computing time required for tracking. This paper proposes a novel visual SLAM approach that efficiently combines keypoints and artificial markers, allowing for a substantial reduction in the computing time and memory required without noticeably degrading the tracking accuracy. In the first stage, our system creates a map of the environment using both keypoints and artificial markers, but once the map is created, the keypoints are removed and only the markers are kept. Thus, our map stores only long-lasting features of the environment (i.e., the markers). Then, for localization purposes, our algorithm uses the marker information along with temporary keypoints created just in the time of tracking, which are removed after a while. Since our algorithm keeps only a small subset of recent keypoints, it is faster than the state-of-the-art vSLAM approaches. The experimental results show that our proposed sSLAM compares favorably with ORB-SLAM2, ORB-SLAM3, OpenVSLAM and UcoSLAM in terms of speed, without statistically significant differences in accuracy.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ НЕСУЩИХ СИСТЕМ БЕСПЛАТФОРМЕННЫХ ИНЕРЦИАЛЬНЫХ НАВИГАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМ

This article describes approaches to solving problems of optimization of bearing structureof strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS). A typical optimization problem in this case ismultiobjective parametric optimization of the bearing structure of the SINS accelerometer triad inorder to minimize the mass of the bearing structure and minimize deviation angles of the accelerometeraxes under the action of external loads. The ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYSDesignXplorer modules are used as a tool for numerical modeling and optimization, respectively.Practical issues related to parameterization of SINS bearing structure 3D-models, calculation ofaccelerometer axes deviation angles, possible variants of numerical experiment plans, estimationof response sensitivity to input parameters, generation and refinement of the response surface, andmultiobjective optimization are considered. For the rational parametrization of geometry, theSINS device assembly was decomposed, as a result of which the parts and structural elements that have the greatest influence on the considered objective functions were identified. To calculate thedeviation angles of the sensitive elements axes, special two-node finite elements and relations forthe Bryant angles were used, which describe the relative position in space of two coordinate systems.When planning a numerical experiment, at the first stage of optimization, a central compositionplan was used, and at subsequent stages, the parameter space was filled using the Latin hypercubemethod with the option of relations between parameters, which made it possible to avoiddegenerate design options. The response surface was built using the genetic aggregation methodand subsequently refined based on a set of optimal solutions. Optimization for conflicting goals ofmass minimization and stiffness maximization was carried out using a multiobjective genetic algorithm.The described set of approaches to solving optimization problems as a result of an exemplaryseries of calculations made it possible to reduce the mass of a serial SINS bearing structurepart by 23% with fixed stiffness.

Application of G-N high-order boundary condition on time harmonic analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems

PurposeThe response of an idealized triangular concrete gravity dam is studied due to horizontal and vertical ground motions for both fully reflective and absorptive reservoir bottom conditions. For each combination, in this paper different orders of Givoli-Neta (G-N) high-order truncation condition are aimed to be evaluated from accuracy point of view by comparing the results against corresponding exact solutions which relies on utilizing a two-dimensional fluid hyper-element.Design/methodology/approachIn present study, the dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems is formulated by Finite Element (FE)-(FE-TE) approach. In this technique, dam and reservoir are discretized by plane solid and fluid finite elements. Moreover, the G-N high-order condition imposed at the reservoir truncation boundary. This task is formulated by employing a truncation element at that boundary. It is emphasized that reservoir far-field is excluded from the discretized model.FindingsIt was observed that trend in gaining accuracy with increase in the order of G-N condition were basically the same for both horizontal and vertical ground motions under full reflective reservoir bottom condition. Moreover, convergence rate increases for absorptive reservoir bottom condition cases in comparison with fully reflective cases. It is also noticed that in certain cases, the responses are hardly distinguishable from corresponding exact responses. This reveals that proposed FE-(FE-TE) analysis technique based on G-N condition is quite successful, and one may fully rely on that for accurate and efficient analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems.Originality/valueDynamic analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems are formulated by a new method. The salient aspect of the technique is that it utilizes G-N high-order condition at the truncation boundary. This is achieved by developing a special truncation element which its generalized matrices are derived for Finite Element Method (FEM) programmers. The method is discussed for all types of excitation and reservoir bottom conditions. It must be emphasized that although time harmonic analysis is considered in the present study, the main part of formulation is explained in the context of time domain. Therefore, the approach can easily be extended for transient type of analysis.

Modeling of magnetic cilia carpet robots using discrete differential geometry formulation

Cilia broadly exist in a wide range of living systems. The metachronal waves generated by arrays of beating cilia are essential for realizing complex biological functions, such as locomotion and transportation, which have inspired the design in advanced engineering systems, e.g., programmable cilia-inspired soft robots. However, due to lack of efficient dynamic modeling and numerical explorations on such complex active systems, design and control of cilia-inspired soft robots usually involve empirical approaches or highly time-consuming numerical simulations. Here, we report a numerical framework based on the discrete differential geometry (DDG) for the dynamic analysis of bio-inspired cilia carpet robots powered by external magnetic field. The active cilia is modeled as discrete magneto-elastic rods (DMER) and the carpet by discrete elastic plate (DEP) method, which are geometrically rigorous frameworks for the nonlinear mechanics of flexible structures. The clamped-type connection between slender cilia and thin carpet is achieved by introducing a special coupling element between rod segments and triangular carpet surfaces. The intersection-free contact and frictional interaction between soft robots and rigid ground is captured based on incremental potential energy theory and lagged dissipative principle, respectively, and, therefore, the constrained elastodynamic system equations can be solved implicitly through a variational approach. Two types of typical dynamic locomotion – crawling and rolling – are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our numerical method. The results show that the locomotion efficiency of the robot depends on the structural design. We also demonstrate that the crawling pathways (e.g., turning) can be programmed via selective actuation. This computationally efficient dynamic framework can not only provide insights on fundamental understanding of the biophysics of microorganisms, but also provide guidelines on the optimal design of cilia-inspired soft robots for biomedical applications.

Organizational Culture within Cultural Institutions

Organizational culture is a special element, which only with the passage of time contributes to remarkable results for an institution with a cultural purpose. This represents the effort of several generations of managers / leaders, who have continuously contributed, over the decades, to increasing the quality of the artistic act within the cultural organizations that they led with determination and with a very clear vision both for the organization, but also for the way culture is perceived internationally. Success or failure, the degradation of a cultural institution can thus be evaluated.

Real-Time Hybrid Simulation Using Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous Input Model through Data-Driven Arbitrary Polynomial Chaos Surrogate

The current practice of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) often requires specialized finite element programs for computational modeling of the analytical substructures. Considering the limited nonlinear modeling capacity or the increasing computation cost for complex modeling, surrogate models of the analytical substructure provide novel alternatives for RTHS to avoid finite element analysis with fast computation. This study explores the use of arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion (APC) and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to emulate the dynamic behavior of analytical substructures in RTHS. The NARX model training can be conducted numerically in an off-line mode using existing general purpose finite element analysis software, and its implementation presents minimum computational demands on the RTHS equipment. RTHS of a single-degree-of-freedom structure with a self-centering viscous damper is conducted as proof of concept to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed APC-NARX-based approach. The APC is further compared with other metamodeling techniques including polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and Kriging to surrogate NARX model coefficients to account for ground motion uncertainties in RTHS. It is demonstrated that APC-NARX modeling with optimal order enables better accuracy of RTHS results than those of Kriging- and PCE-NARX.

Numerical calculation of [formula omitted] to simulate fatigue crack growth under large scale viscoplastic deformations

Crack propagation under low cycle fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue is characterized by high plastic and creep strains that extend over large regions around the crack, so that concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics cannot be applied. In these cases, the cyclic crack tip opening displacement ΔCTOD is a promising loading parameter to quantify crack growth. In this work, suitable definitions and Finite Element techniques are investigated and compared for an accurate calculation of ΔCTOD under cyclic mechanical and/or thermal loading. A viscoplastic temperature dependent material model of Chaboche-type is used along with large strain settings, specified for the austenitic cast iron Ni-resist. Extensive two-dimensional analyses of Single Edge Notch Tension specimens revealed that collapsed special crack tip elements are superior compared with commonly used regular quadrilateral 8-node elements. At the same level of accuracy of ΔCTOD, they require an about ten times coarser mesh and show less sensitivity w.r.t. element size for both stationary and propagating cracks. In order to simulate fatigue crack growth, an efficient, fully automated FE-technique is developed for an incremental crack propagation by successive remeshing, whereby the deformations and internal state variables are mapped from the old mesh onto the new one. Recommendations are made regarding important numerical control parameters like optimal size of crack tip elements, length of crack growth increment in relation to plastic zone size and ΔCTOD value.

Novel Equivalent Circuit Model for a Load-Type Bi-Stable Supersonic Fluidic Oscillator

Abstract This paper describes the development and evaluation of a novel equivalent fluid circuit model capable of accurately predicting the performance of a load-type bistable supersonic fluidic oscillator. The model utilizes some aspects of previous models that are available in the literature. It is based on a quasi-steady assumption and includes a special nonlinear element to account for certain aspects of the oscillator switching mechanism in addition to the traditional fluid resistance, capacitance, and inductance. A new technique for modeling a junction in a fluid duct network is also presented. Unlike previous studies which made use of empirical experimental data or analytical assumptions to estimate the fluid element parameter values and form of the nonlinearity, the current method utilizes steady, computational fluid dynamic techniques to evaluate the parameters and nonlinearity which cannot be accurately determined analytically. A simplification of the model is also used to establish the criteria for oscillations to exist. The transient solution of the model equations is then shown to give good quantitative agreement with previous experimental values of the oscillation frequency and amplitude. The model is also capable of predicting certain operational limitations and other trends in the data. Finally, the usefulness and robustness of the model are also demonstrated by showing the ease with which a parameter and design changes can be investigated.

Prussian blue and Turnbull’s blue: History & Chemistry

Prussian blue and Turnbull's blue are two known compounds to undergraduate chemistry students. These two pigments are frequently synthesized in chemistry laboratories during the qualitative tests for the detection of nitrogen as a special element in organic compounds and spot tests in the classical analytical chemistry of iron. However, these compounds have a rich history and exciting chemistry that any chemistry student should be aware of. The objective of this article is to familiarize chemistry students to the interesting history and chemistry of Prussian blue and Turnbull’s blue.

Iskustvo sa korišćenjem BBC micro: bit u nastavi

Micro: bit is a new learning device that makes it easy to learn programming and electronics. This device enables the development of logical thinking, problem solving skills and digital literacy in students in general. Using the micro: bit enables relatively easy programming in different programming environments on different computers and mobile phones. Additional functionalities of the micro: bit are achieved by extending it with special elements. The research was conducted in a primary school in the Republic of Serbia. The pupils were divided into a control and an experimental group, with the students in the experimental group using the micro: bit device. The results of the work show that the use of the micro: bit in class has a positive effect on the students' performance in the subject "Technique and Technology" for the lesson "Managing processes and things remotely using information and communication technologies". In addition, the students' thoughts about the use of the micro: bit in class were revealed.

Концептуальні підходи до інноваційного розвитку корпоративних інтеграційних об’єднань

The article reveals the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of the innovative development of corporate integration structures. In particular, the main stages of the development of integration processes in the world were analyzed and, based on the generally accepted stages, the main stages of the development of the integration processes of enterprises in the world were proposed, taking into account the selected sequence of stages and the characteristics of the integration processes of enterprises in each of them. All the isolated stages testify to the rapid development of the world economy and the change in approaches to cooperation between countries and enterprises. It is justified that the direct development of the integration processes of enterprises took place under the influence of globalization and innovative technological changes, which provide companies with new opportunities for cooperation and development in the world market. The author's understanding of the essence and content of the innovative development of corporate integration structures as a process of introducing innovative approaches, technologies and strategies into the activities of organizations aimed at improving their corporate integration processes and results was formed. An innovative block for the development of the CIS is proposed and the composition of the elements of the system for managing the innovative activity of the CIS is determined. For a thorough understanding of CIS and their innovative development in the modern business environment, the practical aspects of the innovative development of corporate integration structures, including general and special elements, were substantiated. Specific benefits from the innovative development of corporate integration structures are also determined and substantiated. In contrast to the mentioned advantages, the main threats of the external environment, in which the innovative development of CIS takes place, were singled out. The relevant principles are proposed for the successful innovative development of corporate integration structures, taking into account the threats of the external environment. Taking into account the selected and substantiated practical aspects of the innovative development of the CIS, advantages and threats, as well as the principles of successful innovative development, a conceptual model of the innovative development of the CIS was built, which demonstrates the ability of the CIS to obtain additional competitive advantages, minimize the risks of the external environment and, in general, the ability to increase the structure of its own investment resources and demonstrates the overall socioeconomic efficiency of the CIS.

On Some Properties of Fuzzy Spectrums of Implicative BCI Algebras

An implicative BCI algebra is a non empty set X with a special element O and a binary operation * with many clear conditions.In this work, we study the topological space and present some properties especially the compactness and connection. Also, we prove that it is a Hausdorff space and regular.