Spearman's Rho Correlation Test Research Articles

The Impact of Baseline Pain Intensity on the Effectiveness of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) for Nonspecific Chronic Back Pain.

Recent clinical studies confirmedthat whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is a safe and time-efficient therapeutic method for patients with nonspecific chronic back pain (NSCBP). However, significant variations in initial pain intensity among subjects in these studies have been observed. This study aims to determine if patients with differing initial pain intensities experience varying degrees of benefit from WB-EMS and to assess the overall correlation between initial pain levels and pain reduction. Pain intensity datasets from two studies were combined. The pooled data included 121 NSCBP patients (38 males and 83 females) with an average age of 55.1 years (±11.8 years). Data was categorized by baseline pain intensity on the numeric rating scale (NRS) into seven groups: 0 to 2, >2 to 3, >3 to 4, >4 to 5, >5 to 6, >6 to 7, and >7. Both absolute and relative changes were analyzed. Additionally, a Spearman rho correlation test was performed on the entire dataset to evaluate the relationship between initial pain level and pain reduction. Significant improvements were noted across all NRS11 categories, with strong effect sizes (p) in all classes above 2, ranging from 0.56 to 0.90. The >7 category exhibited the highest rate of clinically significant changes (80%) and an average improvement of 3.72 points. The overall group from >1 to 10 showed an average improvement of 1.33 points, with 37% of the participants experiencing clinically significant improvements. The Spearman rho correlation test revealed a moderate positive relationship between initial pain level and pain reduction (r_s = 0.531, p < 0.001), indicating that, generally, higher initial pain levels are associated with greater pain reduction. The findings support the hypothesis that NSCBP patients with higher baseline NRS values benefit more substantially from WB-EMS. Those with NRS values above 7 show the greatest improvement and highest rate of clinical significance. The overall positive correlation between initial pain intensity and pain reduction further underscores the efficacy of WB-EMS in managing NSCBP across different pain intensities.

Correlations with clinical and radiologic findings and prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in the patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in patients with bilateral temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and its correlations with clinical and radiological findings. A total of 95 patients with bilateral TMJ-OA diagnosed by CBCT were included in the study. Clinical and radiological findings and bone mineral density (BMD) scores were recorded. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman rho correlation tests were performed. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was found in 44 of 95 patients (46.32 %) (30, osteopenia; 14 osteoporosis). Osteopenia/osteoporosis is significantly associated with postmenopausal status and age over 40 years, but it is not associated with clinical and radiological findings of TMJ-OA. Patients with bilateral TMJ-OA have a high prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis.

The relationship between physical activity intensity, sleep quality and stress levels in adolescent physical fitness

Physical activity, sleep quality, and stress levels on physical fitness in adolescence can increase the positive value of adolescent students' development in doing all activities. At the same time, previous research has shown that physical activity, stress levels and sleep quality strongly influence each of these activities in the context of positive influences. Because adolescent activity is so high, the study examined this relationship in everyday life. The design and method used in this study were correlational, with 200 adolescent students involved in this study who selected purposive sampling. Data collection techniques are questionnaires, among which IPAQ is a questionnaire with a physical activity measurement scale. Sleep quality using PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Stress rating scale using DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). Physical fitness is measured using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test for 16-19 years. Data analysis using Spearman's rho correlation test using SPSS application version 26. This study found that in physical activity with adolescent physical fitness, Sig. 0.714 &gt; 0.05 was obtained, which shows a significant relationship between physical activity and physical fitness. Sleep quality with physical fitness in adolescents obtained Sig. Value 0.826 &gt; 0.05, so there is a significant relationship between sleep quality and physical fitness in adolescents. At the level of stress related to physical fitness, they obtained Sig. Values of 0.000 &lt; 0.05 mean that no significant relationship exists between adolescents' stress levels and physical fitness.

The relationship of body mass index, diet, and eating pattern with orthorexia nervosa amongst medical students

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is an obsessive behavior towards healthy food with more importance on the quality than the quantity of food. Medical students tend to experience ON. The prevalence of ON in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanjungpura (FK UNTAN) is around 56.1%. The study is conducted to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), diet, and eating patterns with ON indications for students of the Medical Study Program, FK UNTAN. This study uses mixed method (quantitativequalitative), for 66 students (2020 and 2021 batches) through proportionate stratified sampling and 10 students with low and high ON indications with the convenience methode. Analysis used Spearman's rho correlation test and contingency coefficient; qualitative analysis used descriptive inductive method. Bivariate analysis showed p&amp;gt;0.005 for BMI (p=0.139, diet (p=0.105), and the results were invalid for dietary pattern. Qualitative analysis shows people with ON can be influenced by social media which is characterized by their habit of seeking inspiration for healthy eating behaviors. There is no statistically significant relationship between BMI, diet, and eating patterns with ON but still found in FK students because of their knowledge related to nutrition, health and the desire to avoid illness.

N-Acetylcysteine as A Potential Adjunctive Theraphy in Covid-19 Patients Associated Coagulopathy by Lowering Il-1????, D-dimer and Padua Scores Levels

Introduction: Many unique pathologies, such as hyperinflammation and hypercoagulopathy, have been associated with Covid-19, resulting in critical illness and poor outcomes. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of the antioxidant glutathione, has a number of biological effects, including increasing antioxidant capacity, inhibiting viral replication, and suppressing the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1????, which further reduces coagulopathy as measured by D-dimer and PADUA scores. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of NAC as an adjunctive therapy on the level of IL-1????, D-dimer and PADUA scores among Covid-19 patients. Method: A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent group, single-center study included 91 hospitalized confirmed Covid-19 patients by RT-PCR, 75 patients received standard of care plus 5000 mg/72 hours of NAC and 16 patients received standard of care without NAC. On the first and eighth days of treatment, IL-1????, D-dimer levels, and PADUA scores were measured by ELISA and quantitative-assay methods. Data analysis used were Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Spearman-rho correlation test. Result: After the eighth day of therapy, the NAC group had a statistically significantly reduction in IL-1????(pg/mL) (1,48[-4,23-6,68] vs -0,43[-3,40-2,0], p=0.03) and D-dimer(µg/mL) (0,75[-5,98-6,45] vs -0,03[-8,07-1,00], p&lt;0,001) levels than the control group, but not in PADUA scores (1,05[0-3] vs 0,94[0-1], p=0,458). In a subanalysis of NAC's group, IL-1???? was found to be quite strongly correlated with D-dimer (r=0,508, p&lt;0,001). Conclusion: Our findings show that supplementary NAC reduces hyperinflammation and hypercoagulopathy in Covid-19 patients by suppressing IL-1???? and lowering D-dimer, and thus could be used as a supplement to Covid-19 therapy.

Exploring the correlation of social networks, family support, health worker assistance, and health education using the precede-proceed model: impact on emotional responses in diabetes mellitus patients

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has the potential to cause stress due to uncertainty about the course of the disease, treatment, and complications. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between the support of health workers, family support, social networks, and health education through the precede-proceed model approach to emotional responses. The type of research is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted at the Simo Mulyo Health Center in Surabaya, with data collected from June to July 2023. The independent variables, namely the support of health workers, family support, social networks, and health education, were measured using a questionnaire, while the dependent variable, emotional response, was measured using a questionnaire. The population in this study comprised all people with diabetesmellitus registered at the Simo Mulyo Health Center in Surabaya. The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: patients with unstable blood sugar regulation, aged between 26 and 65 years, capable of reading, and willing to be respondents. The sample size in this study was 112 respondents, and the sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Data analysis utilized the Spearman rho correlation test with a significance level of α = 0.05. The findings indicate that social network support and emotional response, with a p-value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.005) and r = 0.879. Health education is correlated with emotional response, with a p-value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.005) and r = 0.585. Health worker support is correlated with dealing with emotional responses, with a p-value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.005) and r = 0.786. Family support is correlated with emotional response, with a p-value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.005) and r = 0.738. Social network support, health education, family support, and health worker support correlate with the emotional response of people with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, health workers, families, and social networks can enhance support to improve the quality of the patient's emotional response, promoting patient enthusiasm for adhering to treatment and minimizing complications due to diabetes mellitus.

The Relationship Between Anxiety Levels and Pre-operative Sleep Quality Disorders for Spinal Anesthesia Patients

Background: According to data, the number of surgery patients has increased significantly over time. All hospitals worldwide recorded 140 million patients in 2017, 148 million in 2019, and 1.2 million in Indonesia. Surgery might threaten a person's body, integrity, or life and generate anxiety. Patients can be anxious before surgery under anaesthesia. Chronic anxiety can create stress and sleep difficulties. People with sleep issues are young adults. Sleep disorders are conditions that cause discomfort or interfere with a desirable lifestyle due to alterations in rest patterns. Purpose: Understanding how worry affects preoperative sleep quality in spinal anaesthesia patients at Hj. Anna Lasmanah Banjarnegara Hospital. Methods: This type of research is descriptive correlation using a cross sectional design by distributing questionnaires of anxiety level (APAIS) and sleep quality (AIS). Findings: the findings regarding the anxiety levels of the 65 participants indicated that among the total of 65 respondents, 23 individuals (or 35.4%) reported having moderate anxiety. Furthermore, in terms of sleep quality disorders, moderate insomnia was reported by most respondents, comprising 28 individuals (43.1%). The significance value of p = 0.000 (&lt;0.05) obtained from the Spearman's Rho correlation test indicates that anxiety levels and sleep quality disorders are significantly associated in preoperative spinal anaesthesia patients. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between anxiety level and preoperative sleep quality disorders in spinal anesthesia patients.

The Relationship between Family Independence and Hypertension Treatment in the Elderly

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a serious medical condition and will significantly increase the risk of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between family independence and hypertension care in the elderly in Mongolato Village, Telaga District. This research design is descriptive and analytical with a cross-sectional study method carried out in Mongolato Village. With a sample size of 72 with a sample size of 42 people using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used the Spearman rho correlation test. The research results obtained mostly 18 respondents (42.9%) with family independence level IV but adequate hypertension treatment, 2 respondents (4.8%), and 8 respondents with family independence II (19.0) but there was 1 respondent (2.4%) with adequate hypertension treatment. The results of the Spearman rho correlation test show that the sig value is p value = 0.000 α

The relationship between husband’s emotional support and anxiety of third trimester pregnant women at Lulu’s independent midwifery practice Surabaya

Anxiety during pregnancy arises due to physical and psychological changes in the mother. Anxiety makes emotional conditions unstable. If anxiety persists until the third trimester, it will cause prolonged labor, low birth weight, and premature birth and cause hypertension which leads to preeclampsia. Anxiety in pregnant women can be overcome with husband support. A husband plays a role in providing support to pregnant women. Husband support is one of the important factors obtained by pregnant women, because husbands are the closest people to pregnant women. During pregnancy, the mother has an unstable emotional condition so there is a need for emotional support from her husband. This emotional support includes expressions of empathy, care, and attention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between husband's emotional support and anxiety of third trimester pregnant women. This study is an observational analytic study using a cross sectional design. Data analysis using Spearman's Rho correlation test. The number of samples that met the inclusion criteria was 52 third trimester pregnant women at Lulu’s Independent Midwifery Practice, Surabaya. Mothers with good husband's emotional support 86,4% were not anxious, while 53,3% of mothers with poor husband's emotional support experienced mild-moderate anxiety. The results of the Spearman's rho correlation test obtained an rs value: 0.468 (p &lt;0.001) which means that there is a significant correlation between husband's emotional support and anxiety of third trimester pregnant women, with moderate correlation strength. Husband's emotional support has a moderate relationship with anxiety of third trimester pregnant women.

Analysis of the influence of noise and individual characteristics with non-auditory effects on workers of PT. X (Study at Lumajang factory)

PT X is one of the factories under the auspices of one of State-Own Enterprises which manages sugar as the main commodity. This factory is one of the factories with modern sugar milling machines in the East Java area. One of the hazards of the work environment in the industry is noise. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence between individual characteristics and non-auditory effects on employees exposed to noise in the PT X milling area. This type of research is observational with a cross sectional approach. Data collection was carried out at PT X in October 2023. The population of this study was 39 employees of the PT.X milling area. The independent variables in this study are individual characteristics (wearing ear protective equipment) and noise intensity. While the dependent variable in this study is non auditory effect complaints. Data were collected through questionnaire and measurement of noise intensity. The statistical test used was Spearman rho correlation test. The results showed that there was a correlation between APT compliance (r = 0.332) and noise intensity (r = 343) with complaints of non-auditory effects. Based on the results of the study, ear protective equipment (APT) or ear plug compliance and noise intensity have an influence on non-auditory effects. It is recommended that the company promotes the importance of using APT during the milling period in areas that have high noise intensity. In addition, there is a need for regulations regarding the use of APT to suppress the compliance of milling area employees to be more compliant with the use of APT.

Serum Vitamin D Levels, Visual Analog Scale Dysmenorrhea Score, and Endometriosis ASRM Classification: a Relationship Study

Objective: To assess the correlation between vitamin D levels, dysmenorrhea intensity measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the stage of endometriosis determined by the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) grading score.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 37 women diagnosed with suspected endometriosis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The aim was to determine the correlation between vitamin D levels, dysmenorrhea VAS scores, and the ASRM endometriosis stage at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from November 2021 to April 2022. Bivariate analysis was employed to assess correlation, utilizing Pearson's correlation test and the Spearman Rank correlation test as an alternative method.&#x0D; Results: There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin D levels and the VAS score for dysmenorrhea (r = 0.678; p = 0.000) and a very strong positive correlation between vitamin D levels and the degree of endometriosis (r = 0.774; p = 0.000) based on Spearman Rho's correlation test.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between vitamin D levels with the VAS score of dysmenorrhea and the degree of endometriosis ASRM.&#x0D; Keywords: american society of reproductive medicine, endometriosis, visual analogue scale, vitamin D

Correlation of nerve damage and peripheral neuropathy incidence using the MNSI and MDNS instrument approaches

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that by 2030, diabetes mellitus would become the 7th leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes various complications, one of which is peripheral neuropathy. Preventive efforts for peripheral neuropathy involve conducting detection examinations. The purpose of this study was to analyze nerve damage in peripheral neuropathy cases using the MNSI (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument) and MDNS (Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score) instruments. The study employed a cross-sectional study approach with a sample of 50 people, using total sampling as the sampling technique. The independent variable in this study was nerve damage, and the dependent variable was peripheral neuropathy. Data collection in the study was carried out using the MNSI and MDNS instruments to link the dependent and independent variables. Hypothesis analysis in this study was conducted using the Spearman's rho correlation test. The study found that autonomic, sensory, and motor damage correlated with peripheral neuropathy, with a P-value of &lt; 0.05. Examinations in the feet of diabetics were significantly related to the level of peripheral neuropathy. However, there was no evidence of a correlation between the characteristics of the respondents and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy. The results of the nerve damage examination demonstrated a correlation between different types of damage, and the MNSI and MDNS instruments proved effective in detecting peripheral neuropathy damage. Future research should focus on more in-depth studies to explore the correlation of nerve damage in patients with diabetes mellitus detected at a young age and consider other variables, such as HbA1c levels, as potential risk factors for peripheral neuropathy.

The Relationship Of Motivation For Entering The Faculty Of Medicine And Dentistry On Students' Academic Achievement

Education is essential in modern society, both politically and economically. Medical training plays a critical role in producing qualified doctors. Competent doctors, the result of training provided by quality medical education institutions, provide quality health services to the community. Motivation is significant in determining learning success. This research aims to determine the relationship between motivation for entering medical and dental faculties and student's academic achievement. An online survey was used to collect data for this research. The sample population of the research was medical and dental students from Prima Indonesia University. The strength of the Motivation for Medical Students (SMMS) instrument, translated into Indonesian, was used to collect data for student motivation. 123 out of 493 medical and dental students participated in this research. Survey results show that suitability and interest are why students enter medical and dental faculties. The Spearman's rho correlation test shows no significant relationship between motivation variables and GPA, with Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.303 where p &gt; 0.05. The Mann-Whitney test shows no statistically significant difference between the two genders with Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.558 where p &gt; 0.05. This study shows that although there are various reasons and motivations for entering medical and dental faculties, there is no relationship between the above and academic achievement.

Exploring the primary health facility availability, health control, drug consumption, and healthy living behavior among patients with hypertension

Hypertension has been identified as a causative factor for cardiovascular disease, a leading global cause of death. The accessibility of health services plays a pivotal role in shaping community awareness and engagement in hypertension management. This research aimed to explore the availability of primary health facilities, health control practices, drug consumption, and healthy living behaviors among individuals with hypertension. Utilizing a correlation study with a cross-sectional design, the sample comprised 130 hypertensive individuals selected through purposive sampling. Statistical analysis used the Spearman rho correlation test. The findings revealed that significant correlations between primary health facility availability and health control behavior (α=0.000, r=0.310), antihypertensive drug consumption behavior (α=0.000, r=0.461), and healthy lifestyle behavior (α=0.000, r=0.478) among hypertensive patients. These results underscore the relationship between the availability of primary health facilities and the behavior of hypertensive patients in terms of health control, drug consumption, and healthy lifestyle choices within the community. While the full implementation of these behaviors among hypertensive patients may not be optimal, the observed good availability of primary health facilities serves as an initial step to promote improved behaviors in the management and prevention of hypertension complications within the community.

Kematangan emosi dengan penyesuaian pernikahan pada pelaku perkawinan usia dini

This research aims to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and marital adjustment in couples who marry at an early age. Participants in this research were women in early marriage who had been married for more than 3 years in Kendit. The sampling technique used in this research is non-probability sampling using incidental sampling. The analysis of this research data used the Spearman rho correlation test. The results of the correlation test show that there is a positive and significant correlation between emotional maturity and marital adjustment in 34 couples who married at an early age. These results can be interpreted as meaning that the higher an individual's emotional maturity, the higher the marital adjustments they will make.

Mindfulness and Academic Resilience of Suburban High School Students

Being a suburban high school student is complicated. They must overcome numerous challenges, obstacles, and risks to fulfil their role as high school students. High school students need more facilities and infrastructure to develop their full potential, which can result academic setbacks. Academic resilience and mindfulness are two factors that can assist individuals in avoiding experiencing setbacks during the learning process. This study aimed to examine the correlation between mindfulness and academic resilience among suburban high school students. The research employed a quantitative method and correlational design. The study utilized the incidental sampling technique in which the sample comprised of 535 suburban high school students in Semarang Regency. The employed research instruments were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (α = .914) and the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) (α = .958). The data were analysed using Spearman's Rho correlation test. The study demonstrated weak significant positive correlation between mindfulness and academic resilience (r = .162 and sig = .000). This demonstrated that mindfulness was one of the factors associated with increased academic resilience among suburban high school students.

Kekerassan Verbal dengan Motivasi Menolong Korban pada Relawan PMI di Surabaya

A volunteer is someone who contributes their time, energy, and skill to meet the needs of a community without any financial benefit from the contribution. Verbal abuse is an utterance towards someone that is considered demeaning, insulting, racist, or degrading using a high-pitched voice, because this form of psychological violence can attack a person's emotional or mental state. Motivation is a person's encouragement in acting to carry out activities to achieve certain goals. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between verbal abuse and the motivation to help victims among PMI volunteers in Surabaya. The research design used is a correlational descriptive analysis that analyzes the relationship between verbal abuse and the motivation to help victims of PMI volunteers in Surabaya. The approach in this research is cross-sectional. The sampling technique in this study uses probability sampling. The population in this study are 121 members of KSR PMI Surabaya, with a total sample that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 93 people. Data collection uses a questionnaire about verbal abuse that consists of 30 questions, reliability and validity test with a result of 0.0703, and a motivational questionnaire consisting of 30 questions using the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI) questionnaire. The data is then tested using the Spearman Rho Correlation test. The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced high verbal abuse when helping victims as much as 77.4%. Most of the respondents had a strong motivation when helping victims as much as 36.6%. The results showed that there was a relationship between verbal abuse and motivation to help victims in PMI volunteers in Surabaya with a correlation test showing an r value of 0.513 with a value of &lt;0.001. The high level of verbal abuse on PMI volunteers requires strong motivation. This requires support from family and fellow volunteers who always provide encouragement and strength when helping victims.

Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II di Puskesmas Kerabitan I

The primary issue in type II diabetes mellitus is the body's inadequate reaction to insulin (insulin resistance), resulting in the inability of glucose to enter the cells. Preserving mental well-being, particularly by preventing anxiety, is a method that can be employed to address insulin resistance in individuals with diabetes. The objective of this study was to establish the correlation between anxiety levels and blood glucose levels in individuals diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus. The research employed a quantitative correlation methodology with a cross-sectional approach. The study consisted of a sample size of 40 respondents, and the sampling method employed was non-probability sampling using purposive sampling. The findings indicated that a significant proportion of participants, specifically 33 individuals (82.5%), reported experiencing mild anxiety and had elevated blood glucose levels. The Spearman's Rho correlation test yielded a statistically significant result (p-value = 0.017, &lt;0.05). A correlation was observed between the anxiety levels and blood sugar levels of patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus at UPTD Puskesmas Kerambitan I in 2021. It is important for individuals with diabetes to prioritize their psychological well-being, particularly by avoiding anxiety as it can negatively impact blood glucose levels.

The Correlation between Mandibular Arch Shape and Vertical Skeletal Pattern.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the mandibular arch shape and the vertical skeletal pattern in growing patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 Caucasian patients (33 males and 40 females; mean age 9.4) were retrospectively enrolled from a pool of patients treated in chronological order at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Foggia, Italy, from April 2018 to December 2021. Each patient received a laterolateral radiograph and a digital scan of the dental arch. Eight cephalometric parameters (lower gonial angle, intermaxillary angle, divergence angle, Wits index, Jarabak ratio, OP-MP angle, PP-OP angle, and ANB) and five dental measurements (posterior mandibular arch width, anterior mandibular arch width, mandibular occlusal angle, posterior width on distobuccal molar cusps, and molar angle) were analyzed and then compared. A Spearman's rho correlation test between the cephalometric measurements and the dental measurements was performed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A negative statistically significant correlation was found between the Jarabak ratio and the intermolar angle; a statistically significant correlation was also observed between the Wits index, the posterior mandibular width, and the occlusal mandibular angle; the ANB angle and the occlusal mandibular angle; the intermaxillary angle (PP-PM) and the mandibular occlusal angle, posterior mandibular width on the disto-vestibular cusp, and the intermolar angle; and the OP-MP angle and mandibular occlusal angle and the posterior mandibular width on the disto-vestibular cusp. Conclusions: The mandibular arch form may be related to certain predisposing features in craniofacial morphology, such as jaw divergence, the Jarabak ratio, and the intermaxillary angle.

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Hemoglobin Levels in Young Girls at SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta

Background: Anemia is a health problem in Indonesia. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas data, the prevalence of anemia in adolescents is 32%, with mostly young women experiencing it. Anemia is often associated with nutritional problems, namely a lack of nutrients, especially iron, which can cause anemia. Adolescents need nutrition to assist in growth and development. To monitor a person's nutritional status can be done using the body mass index (BMI). &#x0D; Purpose: To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin levels in class XI SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta. &#x0D; Methods: This study used an analytic observational research method with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using the total sampling technique, namely 28 female students. Data collection was carried out by measuring body mass index and examining hemoglobin levels, as well as data analysis using bivariate analysis of the Spearman-Rho correlation test. &#x0D; Results: The results showed that 2 people (7.1%) with a very low BMI had mild anemia, 1 person (3.6%) with a very thin BMI had moderate anemia, 2 people (7.1%) with a low BMI had moderate anemia, and 5 people (17.9%) with a normal BMI had mild anemia. The results of the Spearman Rho test data analysis showed that there was a relationship between body mass index and hemoglobin levels, with a significance value of p = 0.002 (p &lt;0.05). &#x0D; Conclusion: There is a relationship between body mass index and hemoglobin levels in young women in the SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta.