Speaker's Personality Research Articles

Perception verbs in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province

The subject of this work is the verbs of perception in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province. The research material is two dialect dictionaries: "Dictionary of Russian dialects of the Amur region" and "Dictionary of dialects of Heilongjiang province". The study revealed 26 verbal units from the "Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur region" (including 18 verbs and 8 phraseological units with the meaning of visual and auditory perception, as well as perception of smell and touch); 18 verbs with the meaning of visual perception from the "Dictionary of Dialects of Heilongjiang province". The purpose of the study of this article is the comparative classification of perception verbs in the border regions of the Russian Federation and China, separated by the Amur River (in Chinese, Heilongjiang). In developing the classification of the studied language units, continuous sampling, contextual, descriptive-analytical and comparative methods were used. The relevance and novelty of the work lies in the fact that the perceptual verbal vocabulary in the dialects of both ethnic groups is poorly studied; for the first time an attempt was made to study the comparative classification of the verbs of perception of the Russian dialects of the Amur region and the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province; the effectiveness of the study of perception verbs can contribute to the reconstruction of the dialect linguistic picture of the world and the linguistic personality of speakers of the dialect of two different ethnic groups. The main conclusions of this study summarize that perceptual vocabulary connects the world of objective reality with the expression of this world in the language of human communication and that in the dialects of both ethnic groups (in the Russian dialects of the Amur region and in the northeastern dialect of the Chinese language of Heilongjiang province) verbal units with the meaning of visual perception prevail over other groups.

Context and its Role in Explaining The Significance of Structure

For the context of both types of language with its potential within the context of the text and the current context, with its multiple capabilities that determine its significance, including the speaker's intention or habit of speaking, or his form, his shape, features, signs, and gestures, all of which are elements of the context of the situation. All these elements, all of which are elements of the context of the situation, in addition to the elements of the linguistic context, are of great importance in demonstrating the significance of the structures by structures here I mean (the plural of the structure) of sentences or sentence as a full-fledged construct. If this is determined, can the semantics of some structures indicate a certain meaning, while the context indicates linguistically, currently, or both, that this structure has another meaning or connotation other than this semantics, Can the significance of a sentence with a single syntactic form differ as it moves its text from one context to another? These are two important things that these lines of this research will examine, explaining before that what the linguistic context and the current context are. This research will follow the descriptive approach and the analytical method. The research came in a preamble and two sections followed by a conclusion including the results of the research. The research included several results, including: To uncover the meaning, it is necessary to know the speaker's intention through the various indicators, because the significance of words is not inherent in themselves, but is dependent on the speaker's purpose and will. The text alone does not indicate the meaning, but it is necessary to discern other evidence that represents what we call the speech context with its different elements. This context includes studying the speaker's personality and the circumstances of the speech. The research included a number of Recommendations, including: 1- Readers, critics, and researchers should rely, in their reading, studies, and interpretation of the text, in poetry or prose, on everything that can be relied upon in reading the text, including what we call the verbal stance with its various elements. This stance includes a study of the personality of the speaker and the circumstances of speech. Relying in reading and interpreting the text on the presumption of the context as it is the major grammatical evidence, and studying the text based on that, a study that reveals the meanings within it. The first section was entitled: the concept of context and its types, and the second section was entitled: the linguistic and current context and their role in the statement of the significance of the compositions, and then comes the conclusion including the results of the research.

History and research of intonation in English and American linguistics

This article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of intonation with a systematic identification of the most important functions and features of the phonetic design of this phenomenon based on the American film "Clueless". Due to the fact that the action of the film takes place at school and touches upon the problem of social groups among young people, the characters' speech is filled with jargon and speech phenomena accompanying intonation (in particular, Vocal Fry, a discursive marker like), and demonstrates the use of this intonation. It is important to note that the index, or personal-social function of intonation is of the greatest value in this study, i.e. “The ability of intonation to identify the speaker's personality”.

Reconstruction of a Speech Portrait of a Political Leader based on the Letter Exchange of Ivan the Terrible (Experience of Pragmalinguistic Analysis)

The author considers the possibility of studying a specific historical personality by the methods of pragmalinguistics based on the correspondence of I. V. Grozny in the aspect of the author's speech dominance. The research material is the personal letters of the tsar, the methods were the diagnosis of the speaker's speech personality by his speech behavior. This article proposes the use of pragmalinguistics methods that allow describing the speech portrait of Ivan the Terrible based on his use of grammatical and textual categories in correspondence with other monarchs and important historical figures. Thus, the subject of the study is the speech behavior of a historical figure in diachrony by the methods of pragmalinguistics. To date, the reconstruction of the linguistic appearance of the tsar has mainly been carried out on the basis of traditional methods of analyzing lexico-semantic and stylistic components and comparing them with a social portrait. The connection between language and thinking, which is considered by the example of correspondence, allows us to believe that the basic pragmalinguistic principles remain unchanged in the language for a long time and the functional abilities of grammatical categories to be associated with personal preferences remain despite linguistic variability. The conducted experiment of speech diagnostics allows the authors to study the aspect of the speech dominance of the personality of Ivan the Terrible at the level of linguistic pragmatics.

ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ТЕКСТОНЕЗАВИСИМОЙ ГОЛОСОВОЙ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ ЛИЧНОСТИ

An immunological model of clonal selection with positive selection based on the principlesof mass-parallel data processing used in artificial immune systems, is proposed. The model isdesigned for text-independent identification of a person by voice. In contrast to known passwordbasedvoice identification systems, the proposed model implements decentralized recognition ofvoice data by matching it with detectors that simulate immunocompetent cells of the immune system.The initial voice features are generated in a linear speech predictor and are represented bycepstral coefficients. The sequence of cepstral coefficients is further divided into equal time sections- morphemes, which are abstract linguistic units that unify phonemes. Morphemes carry theindividual coloring of consecutive temporal segments of speech reproduced by the voice, allowingthem to be used productively as voice identifiers. The matching of voice morphemes with detectorsis carried out according to the principle of positive selection based on the Euclidean proximitymeasure. The model's "friend-or-foe" identification decision making is implemented on the basis ofa statistical approach in terms of the frequency of detector response. The proposed model implementsthe identification of the speaker's personality at the rate of receipt of his voice data. At thesame time, personality identification is invariant to the language, volume and content of speech.The advantage of the model is complete protection against replay attacks. The effective realizationof the model, the accuracy and speed of identification are due to the possibility of organizing highspeedanalysis of large volumes of voice data, which in the long term corresponds to the pace ofdevelopment and application of high-performance computing systems.

Perceptual Cue Weighting Is Influenced by the Listener's Gender and Subjective Evaluations of the Speaker: The Case of English Stop Voicing.

Speech categories are defined by multiple acoustic dimensions and their boundaries are generally fuzzy and ambiguous in part because listeners often give differential weighting to these cue dimensions during phonetic categorization. This study explored how a listener's perception of a speaker's socio-indexical and personality characteristics influences the listener's perceptual cue weighting. In a matched-guise study, three groups of listeners classified a series of gender-neutral /b/-/p/ continua that vary in VOT and F0 at the onset of the following vowel. Listeners were assigned to one of three prompt conditions (i.e., a visually male talker, a visually female talker, or audio-only) and rated the talker in terms of vocal (and facial, in the visual prompt conditions) gender prototypicality, attractiveness, friendliness, confidence, trustworthiness, and gayness. Male listeners and listeners who saw a male face showed less reliance on VOT compared to listeners in the other conditions. Listeners' visual evaluation of the talker also affected their weighting of VOT and onset F0 cues, although the effects of facial impressions differ depending on the gender of the listener. The results demonstrate that individual differences in perceptual cue weighting are modulated by the listener's gender and his/her subjective evaluation of the talker. These findings lend support for exemplar-based models of speech perception and production where socio-indexical features are encoded as a part of the episodic traces in the listeners' mental lexicon. This study also shed light on the relationship between individual variation in cue weighting and community-level sound change by demonstrating that VOT and onset F0 co-variation in North American English has acquired a certain degree of socio-indexical significance.

A COMPREHENSIVE LINGUISTICS ANALYSIS OF INTONATION IN AMERICAN ENGLISH

This article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of intonation with a systematic identification of the most important functions and features of the phonetic design of this phenomenon based on the American film "Clueless". Due to the fact that the action of the film takes place at school and touches upon the problem of social groups among young people, the characters' speech is filled with jargon and speech phenomena accompanying intonation (in particular, Vocal Fry, a discursive marker like), and demonstrates the use of this intonation.
 It is important to note that the index or personal-social function of intonation is of the greatest value in this study, i.e. “The ability of intonation to identify the speaker's personality”.

Artificial neural networks for voice activity detection Technology

Currently, the direction of voice biometrics is actively developing, which includes two related tasks of recognizing the speaker by voice: the verification task, which consists in determining the speaker's personality, and the identification task, which is responsible for checking the belonging of the phonogram to a particular speaker. An open question remains related to improving the quality of the verification identification algorithms in real conditions and reducing the probability of error.
 In this work study Voice activity detection algorithm is proposed, which is a modification of the algorithm based on pitch statistics; VAD is investigated as a component of a speaker recognition system by voice, and therefore the main purpose of its work is to improve the quality of the system as a whole. On the example of the proposed modification of the VAD algorithm and the energy-based VAD algorithm, the analysis of the influence of the choice on the quality of the speaker recognition system is carried out.

Modeling the dynamics of speech behavior in the pragmatics of the language

The research is devoted to the study of the author's behavior in the texts of personal correspondence. The research is based on the material of letters of writers of the early twentieth century. The subject of the study was a corpus of texts by six writers. Collectively, the study of (linguistic-rhetorical) works. The analysis was carried out from the position of studying the author's strategy of influencing the reader in order to study the formation of a certain attitude. The use of pragmalinguistic methods of studying the speaker's speech portrait in the context of diachronic personality development allows us to identify personal speech preferences that characterize the speaker and determine the dynamics of his personality development based on his speech preferences. The conducted experiments show the possibility of speech diagnostics of the speaker's personality and reconstruct his speech portrait based on the materials of the monuments of writing.

Listeners' Perceptions of Speaker Personality Traits Based on Speech.

Voice and speech are rich with information about a speaker's personality and other features of identity. This study seeks to determine the extent to which listeners agree about speakers' social, physical, and personality attributes. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, listeners rated a group of speakers who were unbalanced for sex and personality traits. The second experiment elaborated on the first by ensuring the speaker set was balanced for sex and personality traits. Both experiments played standard speech samples from speakers who provided personality information via the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief Form. Groups of listeners rated each speaker on the same personality traits and other features of identity. Responses were analyzed for listener agreement. For both experiments, listeners showed consistently high levels of agreement on the personality attributes of a speaker. For certain speakers, listener agreement on some personality traits was as high as 92% and 97% in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, a range of agreement across personality subscales was observed across speakers such that some were agreed-upon across all personality ratings and others were agreed-upon only for a few personality traits. When it comes to judging personality traits and other features of identity, most listeners might not be "correct" about speakers' traits and attributes, but they broadly agree about how the listener sounds. Some speakers send more salient voice and speech cues that drive agreement about their personality, whereas others speak in a manner that precludes consensus. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16906990.

North and South Koreans' Perception of Expressive Speech Act

We examined how North Korean refugees (NKRs) residing in South Korea and South Korean natives (SKs) perceive expressive speech act with message-oriented utterances and relationship-oriented utterances. Unlike most previous literature, we focused on the pragmatic heterogeneity and illustrated possible pragmatic failures that NKRs may encounter in South Korea. The 47-SKs and 43-NKRs responded to the survey with videoclips that shows combinations of the speech acts (thanking, compliment/response, and apology) and the utterance type (message-oriented and relationship-oriented). Each video entails three survey questions asking for participant's perception of conversations and their evaluation on the speaker's personality. The analysis revealed that SKs' perception of relationship-oriented utterances is more positive than NKRs. Also, NKRs' evaluations did not change significantly over time, showing that explicit instruction on the difference may be required. These findings suggest that for successful communication between two groups with different sociocultural backgrounds, instruction in language use can be helpful.

Accentedness and personality evaluation of Asian and Caucasian second language speakers of English by Asian second language English listeners

ABSTRACT Previous research that explores the effect of ethnicity in the perception of speaker accentedness and personality traits often finds that Asian appearance contributes to a more accented and less competent impression. Importantly, most of the work done to date employed only Caucasian first language-speaking listeners; moreover, ethnicity and gender were not considered together. This study describes a series of evaluations of nine Korean (Asian) and nine German (Caucasian) second language English speakers by 41 Chinese listeners. The participants were asked to rate each speaker on an accentedness and 12 personality scales under two conditions: audio-only and audiovisual. The accentedness result indicates that with the availability of visual information, Korean speakers were rated significantly more accented than German speakers and male speakers were rated less accented than females. As for personality evaluation, the result suggests that power and competence traits share a similar trend, with Korean and female speakers being rated lower when listeners can see them, but solidarity traits show a slightly different trend. In general, Chinese listeners’ bias in relation to speaker ethnicity and gender in both accentedness and personality evaluation was highlighted by the use of visual information, and a relationship between linguistic and social information was demonstrated.

Understanding one’s character through the voice: Dimensions of personality perception from Chinese greeting word “Ni Hao”

ABSTRACT Previous western studies revealed a two-dimensional model (valence and dominance) in voice impressions. To explore the cross-cultural validity of this model, the present study recruited Chinese participants to evaluate other people’s personality from recordings of Chinese vocal greeting word “Ni Hao”. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax Rotation and Parallel Analysis was used to investigate the dimensions underlying personality judgments. The results also revealed a two-dimensional model: approachability and capability. The approachability dimension was similar to the valence dimension reported in a previous study. It indicated that the approachability/valence dimension has cross-cultural commonality. Unlike the dimension of dominance which was closely related to aggressiveness, the dimension of capability emphasized the social aspects of capability such as intellectuality, social skills, and tenacity. In addition, the acoustic parameters that were used to infer the personality of speakers, as well as the relationship between vocal attractiveness and the personality dimensions of voice, were also partially different from the findings in Western culture.

Automatic Personality Traits Perception Using Asymmetric Auto-Encoder

On account of an increase in the human-computer interface applications, the study of automatic personality perception has become more and more prevalent than speech signal processing in recent years. These studies have shown that personality traits derived from psychology theories mainly affect acoustic features. However, some obstacles remain in the automatic personality perception classification, and the most important one is to extract the features related to each personality trait. Previous studies have shown that the personality effect differs from one acoustic feature to the others. Additionally, there are many features one can extract from speech signals. Curse of dimensionality in features also makes the classification difficult. This paper aimed to introduce and examine a novel and efficient automatic feature extraction method to classify the well-known big five personality traits. In this regard, three data augmentation methods for increasing data samples were examined. Afterwards, 6,373 statistical features were extracted from the nonverbal features of the SSPNet Speaker Personality Corpus. Finally, an innovative stacked asymmetric auto-encoder was utilized to extract useful features automatically to improve classification results. Compared with the conventional stacked auto-encoder and convolutional neural network, the proposed method exhibited an average improvement of 12.40%(10.14%) and 14.36%(1.42%) in terms of the unweighted average recall (accuracy), respectively. In comparison with other published works, classification results also revealed a notable average enhancement (11.78%) for unweighted average recall for all five traits and an average improvement of 5.1% for accuracy in two out of five personality traits.

Formation of phonetically representing text for the recording of speech phonograms in experimental conditions for subsequent instrumental study of acoustic parameters of the voice timbre

The significance of phonetically representative texts in the study of the individuality of voice and speech of speakers in the analysis of the acoustic parameters of the timbre of the voice from experimental speech phonograms in order to search for signs that individualize the speaker's personality is considered. The results of the study of the most common texts from the position of phonetic representativeness and balance, the naturalness of the functioning of the speech apparatus and the temporary load on it in the process of voicing texts are presented. To implement the planned scientific research on the analysis of the acoustic parameters of the voice timbre, a corpus of phonetically representative texts has been compiled, consisting of well-known lexical materials and a special text including phonetic units missing in the original material.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С ПОНЯТИЕМ ТОНАЛЬНОСТИ ТЕКСТА

The undertaken research is devoted to the analysis of the concept of text tonality in modern linguistics. The article discusses the definition of the concept of tonality in Russian, English, French and Chinese dictionaries. In studies on the linguistics of the text, the concept of tonality is defined as a category in which the emotional-volitional attitude of the author of the text is reflected. Within the framework of the cognitive approach, it is considered as a complex category in which the determined tonality of the text depends not only on the speaker's personality, his individual understanding of the subject of speech (associations and assessment of the subject), but also on his level of culture, emotional mood. Over the past 20 years, the concept of sentiment has been actively used in the field of computational linguistics, in international research on automatic text analysis. The term «tonality» (or «sentiment») refers to the emotional assessment expressed in the text. The interpretation of this concept is directly related to the emotional component. It is quite logical that the emotive function of language is distinguished in linguistic literature, the purpose of which is to implement a specific form of emotional communication of people. So, the concepts of tonality and emotivity come into close connection with each other, but nevertheless they cannot be considered identical, since tonality as a category of text is a broader concept than emotivity. This is due to the fact that tonality has some polarity, while emotivity is represented by a palette of emotions and can refer the text to either a positive or negative tonality.

Speech-based automatic personality trait prediction analysis

Automatic personality perception is the prediction of personality that others attribute to a person in a given situation. The aim of automatic personality perception is to predict the personality of the speaker perceived by the listener from nonverbal behaviour. Extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness are the speaker traits used for personality assessment. In this work, a speaker trait prediction approach for automatic personality assessment has been proposed. This approach is based on modelling the relationship between speech signal and personality traits. The experiments are performed over the SSPNet speaker personality corpus. For speaker trait prediction, support vector machines (SVM), multilayer perceptron (MLP), and instance-based k-nearest neighbour were analysed with multiple features. Various features have been analysed to find suitable feature for various speaker traits. The analyses have been conducted using pitch, formant, and mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the analysis results are presented. The accuracy of 100% has been obtained for MFCC features with 19 coefficients.

Research on acquisition and recognition of Naxi speaker's speech information

The human–machine dialogue system allows people and the machine to communicate basically. This technology is also attracting more and more attention. It is conducive to the realisation of resource sharing, inheritance, and protection of Dongba culture worldwide to analyse the Naxi speech recognition for the protection and inheritance needs of Naxi Dongba culture. The model was established for Naxi speaker recognition, and the method is studied with text-independent speaker speech voice recognition. The practical analysis method was used to compare the application effect of Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and hidden Markov model (HMM) in the processing of speaker recognition in Naxi speaker's pronunciation. It is very useful to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a Naxi language-based human–computer interaction system to find out the speaker's voice characteristics, personality differences, and different regions. This is a theoretically necessary analysis of ethnic minority languages and the protection of ethnic and folk cultures. It can also provide practical significance for carrying out ethnic cultural differences analysis.

Hyperbole as a Persuasion Tool in Political Discourse (The Case of British Politicians’ Speech)

The article investigates hyperboles as a persuasion tool in British political discourse. The corpus under analysis comprises scripts of speeches by UK Permanent Representative to the UN Karen Pierce, Prime Minister Theresa May and Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson which are devoted to the incident in Salisbury. The research has shown that to describe the event under study the politicians use rhetoric devices that exaggerate its social and political importance. In political discourse hyperboles have an impact on three modes of persuasion – logos, pathos and ethos, but in political communication the effectiveness of a hyperbole as a persuasion tool mainly depends on ethos, i.e. conditions of a speech act which determine the relevance of this rhetorical device and a speaker's personality. In some statements hyperboles are so efficiently embedded the communicative context that they are interpreted literally. In political discourse persuasion is often implemented through the use of hyperboles and other rhetorical devices (analogy, alliteration, anaphora, climax). The evocative character of hyperbole is key to the implementation of its persuasive function in political discourse. Under the influence of the representations evoked by hyperbole, the object of exaggerated description acquires characteristics which quantitatively and, in some cases, qualitatively differ from its real properties.

Impressions of Personality from Intentional Voice Quality in Arabic-Speaking and Native Finnish-Speaking Listeners

The present study aimed to investigate whether there are differences between Arabic-speaking and Finnish-speaking listeners in the impressions of a speaker's personality as evoked by various intentional voice qualities. This is an experimental study. Samples (N = 55) were gathered from native Finnish-speaking males (N = 4) and females (N = 5), who read a text passage of 43 words using eight different voice qualities: (1) habitual speaking voice, speaking with (2) a forward or (3) backward placement of the tongue, or a (4) breathy, (5) tense, (6) creaky, (7) nasalized, or (8) denasalized voice. Native Arabic-speaking participants (34 males, 12 females; N = 46) were asked to evaluate the speech samples on a seven-point polarized scale by choosing 1-5 from a total of 18 contrasting pairs of personality traits. The listening tests were presented via Windows Media Player and a Genelec Biamp loudspeaker. Traits that had evaluations of 30% or more were selected for the final analysis. The results were compared to the results of native Finnish-speaking listeners (12 males, 38 females; N = 50). Statistical analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. On the whole, both listener groups perceived the speakers' voice qualities similarly, although the Finnish-speaking listeners linked many voice qualities, especially nasal and denasal voices, with unpleasant and other negative personality traits. Moreover, somewhat opposing evaluations were given by the two language groups for voices with forward and backward placements of the tongue, and breathy and tense voices. In many cases, the evaluations by the Arabic-speaking listeners were more scattered. The speakers' sex also seemed to affect perceptions of personality. There seem to be similar stereotypical tendencies to relate certain voice qualities with certain personality traits, which is explainable by how the voice types are produced and used to express emotions. Some opposing trends found between the two language groups may be related to language and cultural differences. A further study with larger listener groups and including also samples from Arabic language speakers is needed to confirm the results of the present study.