Spatial Structure Of Cities Research Articles

Hypercongestion, Autonomous Vehicles, and Urban Spatial Structure

This paper examines the effects of hypercongestion mitigation by perimeter control and the introduction of autonomous vehicles on the spatial structures of cities. By incorporating a bathtub model, we develop a land use model where hypercongestion occurs in the downtown area and interacts with land use. We show that hypercongestion mitigation by perimeter control decreases the commuting cost in the short run and results in a less dense urban spatial structure in the long run. Furthermore, we reveal that the impact of autonomous vehicles depends on the presence of hypercongestion. The introduction of autonomous vehicles may increase the commuting cost in the presence of hypercongestion and may cause a decrease in the suburban population; however, it may make cities spatially expand outward. This result contradicts that of the standard bottleneck model. When perimeter control is implemented, the introduction of autonomous vehicles decreases the commuting cost and results in a less dense urban spatial structure. These results show that hypercongestion is a key factor that can change urban spatial structures. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on ISTTT25 Conference. Funding: This work was supported by ACT-X [Grant JPMJAX21AE], Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology [Grant JPMJFR215M], the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grants 23K13422 and 22H01610], and the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation [Grant JPJ012187]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2024.0519 .

Freeway Revolts! The Quality of Life Effects of Highways

Abstract Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the disamenity value of a freeway. Local disamenities from freeways, as opposed to their regional accessibility benefits, had large effects on the spatial structure of cities, suburbanization, and welfare.

PRZYGOTOWANIE MIAST DO ZMIAN KLIMATU: KONCEPCJA MIĘDZYMIASTOWEGO TRANSFERU WIEDZY W ZAKRESIE DEKARBONIZACJI BUDYNKÓW

The aim of this article is to present assumptions for pilot activities showing how regions can change the way they counteract climate change in the spatial structure of cities. The problem is considered in terms of identifying stakeholder groups and levers of change. An attempt to develop a catalog of levers will allow for the assessment of the usefulness and possibility of transferring pilot activities outside the city context. Further research is also needed to develop appropriate measurement criteria to determine the effectiveness of the strategy. The concept defined its main elements and outlined future directions for its improvement.

Spatial Planning Policy Analysis and Participation Support Society Towards Environmental Sustainability

The research is purpose to find out implementation spatial planning policies on Bekasi city for stainable environmental management? Analytical methods used are: 1) Geo-physics analysis of land suitability analysis, 2) physical analysis; 3) Analysis of environmental management, 4) Analysis of socio-economic conditions, and 5) Analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS). The results obtained that spatial planning and environmental carrying capacity can be concluded that to meet the needs of diverse development needs to develop a spatial pattern of land use, coordinate, procedures for water and other resources in a unified a dynamic environment. To meet the needs of diverse development needs to develop a spatial pattern coordinate system guana land, procedures for water and other resources in a unified order dynamic environment. For that layout needs to be managed by an integrated pattern through a regional approach with respect to site natural environment, socio-cultural environment, and the artificial environment in accordance with its development. Good city spatial structure with more increased public participation in city layout is expected to be better. The parties involved in these activities the city department of administration, the whole society. There is a direct influence on the city hall community participation in maintaining a healthy environment, so if you want to increase public participation in maintaining a healthy environment can be done by increasing the city spatial planning. Knowledge to community environmental management in maintaining a healthy environment, can be done by improving environmental management Knowledge community.

The emergence of urban heat traps and human mobility in 20 US cities

Understanding the relationship between spatial structures of cities and environmental hazard exposures is essential for urban health and sustainability planning. However, a critical knowledge gap exists in terms of the extent to which socio-spatial networks shaped by human mobility exacerbate or alleviate urban heat exposures of populations in cities. In this study, we utilize location-based data to construct human mobility networks in twenty metropolitan areas in the U.S. The human mobility networks are analyzed in conjunction with the urban heat characteristics of spatial areas. We identify areas with high and low urban heat exposure and evaluate visitation patterns of populations residing in high and low urban heat areas to other spatial areas with similar and dissimilar urban heat exposure. The results reveal the presence of urban heat traps in the majority of the studied metropolitan areas, wherein populations residing in high-heat exposure areas primarily visited other high-heat exposure zones. Specifically, cities such as Los Angeles, Boston, and Chicago were particularly pronounced as urban heat traps. The results also show a small percentage of human mobility to produce urban heat escalation and heat escapes. The findings from this study provide a better understanding of urban heat exposure in cities based on patterns of human mobility. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the intersection of human network dynamics and environmental hazard exposures in cities to inform more integrated urban design and planning to promote health and sustainability.

WPŁYW STRUKTURY ZABUDOWY MIAST NA ICH MODEL MOBILNOŚCI

Transport in urban area is not only infrastructure, it is also a network of functions between which people would like to travel. This is why the spatial structure of the city - the density and compactness of the build-up area, as well as the relation of this area to center or centers of the city is so important. The aim of the article is to analyze modal split data and population distribution in European cities and to present the resulting conclusions, including the conclusions on how to shape the spatial structure of cities in a way that is conducive to development of active mobility.

MULTI-SCALE DYNAMIC PARTITIONING SYSTEM OF URBAN SPATIAL UNITS

Abstract. As the spatial structure of cities becomes increasingly complex and sustainable development goals are promoted, society places higher demands on the management and planning of cities. As the basic unit of urban analysis, the combination pattern and scale shape of urban spatial units are crucial for rational management and planning of cities. However, existing urban analysis management systems often adopt a prefabricated fixed cell division method, which is difficult to meet the needs of high precision and multi-scale analysis of urban information. Therefore, this paper proposes an interactive dynamic partitioning technology, and designs a multi-scale dynamic partitioning system for urban spatial units (SUPS), in order to meet the diverse needs of urban management and planning. The system consists of a data management module, a spatial unit module, an integration module and a visualization module. The system not only realises the multi-scale dynamic partitioning of spatial units in the form of interactive operation, but also obtains more detailed identification results by applying the multi-scale spatial units to the identification of urban functional areas, verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the interactive multi-scale dynamic partitioning of spatial units, and providing a new technical support for fine urban management.

Urban clusters and land price variation in Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Jakarta’s dynamism is impacted profoundly by the growing economic activity of urban agglomeration. The high intensity of urban economic activities has transformed the capital’s spatial configuration with the emergence of concentrated commercial areas, so-called urban clusters. The agglomeration stimulated an increased demand for commercial property, raising the need for land parcels. Theoretically, various determinant attributes influence land value; one of them is the location aspect. Location was often measured using the distance calculation method despite the questionable accuracy of the current city spatial structure. This research analyzes a new location attribute by considering spatial design and configuration, specifically from the arrangement of the surrounding environments. This study quantifies the degree of clusterization of an area and finds its relation to land value. We found that spatial clusterization positively correlates to the land value by 0.172%, and clusterization creates real estate advantages by adding more value to the properties within the cluster.

Polycentric cities and income polarization in China: Does city spatial structure matter?

Income polarization is a critical issue of social development. This study analyzes the role of polycentric cities in alleviating income polarization using monthly household electricity consumption data to identify income polarization based on the application of proxy variable analysis and an artificial neural network. The polycentric structure of cities is identified using unique satellite nighttime light data. It is found that polycentric structure is significant for alleviating income polarization, which exhibits a nonlinear effect. As the polycentric structure index increases, the inhibitory effect of polycentric cities on income polarization will increase. Relevant policy implications are proposed based on the study's findings.

Identification of urban functional zones in Macau Peninsula based on POI data and remote information sensors technology for sustainable development

This paper presents a sustainable method for urban functional zoning based on POI (Point of Interest) data according to remote intelligent information technology, which can swiftly display a city's spatial structure and evaluate the effectiveness of urban planning and design by identifying and integrating POI data with maps. Using Macau Peninsula as an example, this paper demonstrates how to establish a geographic spatial database of POI data and assess the functional division of urban blocks in the Macau Peninsula through kernel density analysis and functional index under soft sensor information collection method. This method promotes the rational layout of block functions, enhances the quality of urban life, and fosters sustainability. The results reveal that: (1) the urban functions of the Macau Peninsula primarily comprise mixed-function blocks, with fewer single-function blocks, and these are distributed in a scattered pattern that contributes to sustainable development. (2) The spatial distribution of functions in the Macau Peninsula is uneven, with the central aggregation concentrated in the northwest region. (3) The richness and concentration of block functions decrease from the peninsula's center to its outer periphery, highlighting the need for a more sustainable approach in urban planning with the help of remote intelligent information monitoring system.

Rethinking sustainable urban management: Effects of urbanization on the socio-spatial structure of the Tamale Metropolis

The urbanization process in countries in the global south has enormous implications for the social and the spatial structure of cities. Despite the complexities associated with urbanization and the socio-spatial structure of urban centers, there is limited research in this area of study. This study seeks to assess the effects of urbanization on the socio-spatial structure of the Tamale Metropolis. The research relied on both secondary and primary sources of data. The primary data was collected through the interview of 68 respondents in the Central Business District of the Tamale Metropolis. The researchers also interviewed representatives of the Physical Planning Department, Development Planning Office and the Land Use and Spatial Planning Authority. The results of the study showed that there is a major shift from the extended family system to the nuclear family system. The changes in the social structure have led to a considerable urban expansion with the built-up area increasing from 12% to 24%. The urbanization process has led to the creation of sub-CBDs to respond to the changes on the spatial structure. This has resulted in the paradigm shift in the spatial structure of the metropolis from a monocentric structure to a polycentric structure. This research therefore concludes that there is a direct relationship between the social structure and the spatial structure of the Tamale Metropolis and this has implication for sustainable urban management.

KORYTARZE ROZWOJU STRUKTURY PRZESTRZENNEJ MIASTA – WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA DELIMITACJI. STUDIUM PRZYPADKU

The author deals with the model interpretation of the city's spatial structure. This approach emphasizes the role of the urban structure based on nodes and development corridors. Continuing the research on the spatial structure of Krakow, the author considers the criteria appropriate for the delimitation of areas with the highest crystallization potential of the urban tissue. Against this background, presents the results of a case study of one of the main development axes of Krakow.

Exploration of Urban Network Spatial Structure Based on Traffic Flow, Migration Flow and Information Flow: A Case Study of Shanxi Province, China

Urban coordinated development is an important aspect of regional development. The high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin cannot be separated from the coordinated and sustainable development of its inner cities. However, the network connection and spatial structure of cities in the Yellow River Basin have not received sufficient attention. Therefore, this study considered 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province, an underdeveloped region in the Yellow River Basin, as case areas and selected data on traffic, migration, and information flow that can better represent the urban spatial network structure and depict the spatial connection between cities. Based on the flow intensity calculation, flow direction judgment, spatial structure index, and social network analysis, the spatial structural characteristics of Shanxi Province were comprehensively analyzed from the perspective of flow space. The results showed the following: (1) Cities in Shanxi Province present a development trend of “one core and multiple centers.” The strong connection concerns mostly Taiyuan and radiates outward and presents a Chinese character “大”—shaped spatial connection pattern. (2) Taiyuan is the first connecting city of most cities in Shanxi Province, and the element flows particularly towards the central city and geographical proximity. (3) The urban spatial pattern of Shanxi Province presents an obvious unipolar development trend, where the network structure is an “absence-type pyramid.” The imbalance of the urban network connection strength is prominent in Shanxi Province, which is strong and numerous in the south but opposite in the north. (4) The overall network element flow density is low, the network connection is weak, Taiyuan agglomeration and radiation are the strongest, and Changzhi centrality ranks second, but the gap between Changzhi and Taiyuan is wide, and the polarization phenomenon is serious. Future research should focus on the rapidly developing provincial capital city of Taiyuan, coordinating the steady development of the central Shanxi city cluster, and driving the common development of neighboring cities.

Metropolitan spatial structure analysis based on the identification of commuting zones with Nanjing City as an example

Commuting zone research is critical to the understanding of the operational rules of the metropolitan spatial structure and improving spatial performance. This study aims to identify the main commuting centers and zones by using cellular data with Nanjing City as the example. This study analyzes the operational features of the internal spatial structures of the city from two dimensions by merging multi-source data, namely, commuting centers and zones, thus achieving an understanding of the existing problems with the urban spatial structures and their internal causes. Results showed that the commuting zones of Nanjing are distributed in a pattern of “multiple commuting centers”, with Xinjiekou–Hunan Road and Hongwu Road–Chaotiangong–Shuangtang as the core, Mochou Lake as the main commuting area, and Dongshan and Jiangpu as the secondary commuting zones. Significant differences and similarities are discovered in our comparisons along the two dimensions of commuting zones and centers in terms of spatial structural factors, such as land use, transportation, and commuting in the city. The similarity is shown as a common declining trend in the values of all our indicators with the increase in the distance of commuting zones from the city center. However, the differences are significant in terms of the clustering features of the various parameters concerning commuting centers and zones. Specifically, four clustering patterns are discovered, namely, “monocentric clustering”, “circular monocentric clustering”, “polycentric clustering”, and “sparsely dotted distribution”. This study sheds light on the existing problems with the city's spatial structure and proposes some overall suggestions toward urban spatial structure improvement on the basis of these findings.

City spatial structure and smart city innovation: the case of China

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the relevance of the city spatial structure for smart city innovation from the perspective of agglomeration externalities, and discusses whether there is heterogeneity in innovation across different geographical areas and population scales of cities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors construct the centralization and concentration indexes to conceptualize the city spatial structure of 286 cities (prefecture-level) in China based on the LandScan Global Population Dataset from 2001 to 2016. A fixed-effects panel data model is employed to analyze the relationship between the spatial structure and the innovation ability of smart cities; the results were validated through robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses.FindingsThe study found that the more concentrated and more evenly the distribution of urban population, namely the more city spatial structure tends to be weak-monocentricity, the higher the level of innovation in smart cities. The relevance of the weak-monocentricity structure and smart city innovation varies significantly depending on their geographical location and the size of the city. This result is more applicable to cities in the eastern and central regions, as well as to cities with smaller populations.Originality/valueThe adjustment and optimization of the city spatial structure is important for enhancing smart city construction. Unlike previous studies, which mostly use a single dimension of “the proportion of population in sub-centres to the population of all central areas” to measure city spatial structure, the authors employed the spatial centralization and spatial concentration. It is hoped that this study can guide smart city construction from the perspective of the development model of city spatial structure.

Using space syntax analysis in archaeological site: Case of Cuicul (Djemila) in Setif, Algeria.

Architecture and archaeology have a common interest in space and society through time. The two disciplines agree on building, organising, and occupying people with their living space, which is only a reflection of social, cultural, political, and symbolic structures. This research is based on an urban analysis of the Algerian Roman city Cuicul located in Setif. This ancient city is a historic place classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the must-see tourist spots in Setif. The study explores the city's spatial structure and how public space was used for movement, activity, and interaction between people. For this, space syntax is used to analyse urban contexts based on the configuration of spatial systems. This research attempts to study human interaction and socialisation in the urban environment. Three tools are employed: All-line Analysis, Visibility Graph Analysis and Agent-Based Analysis. The research focuses on the urban configuration before and after the extension of the Christian part of the city and the public spaces and other important spaces of the Roman city like the theatre, the market and the temple. The results show a hierarchy in the street network founded on the importance of the two main axes: Cardo and Decumanus. The Christian extension has made the urban configuration more intelligible. These results make possible the exploitation of the most integrated spaces for tourist activities and remedy the most segregated places so that we can connect them to the system.

Dynamic Analysis of Multicenter Spatial Structure with Big Data in Smart City

Based on dynamic big data, the multicenter spatial structure of cities is studied, which provides help for scientific planning of urban space and rational use of urban land. Firstly, the research background and significance of this topic is expounded in the Introduction, and then, the related concepts and theories, which lay a theoretical foundation for this research, are summarized. After that, the paper focuses on the design of the scheme of urban multicenter spatial structure and puts forward the method of multicenter identification, method of aggregation feature analysis, and method of spatial structure feature. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified by a case.

Functional Classification of Urban Parks Based on Urban Functional Zone and Crowd-Sourced Geographical Data

Urban parks have important impacts on urban ecosystems and in disaster prevention. They also have diverse social functions that are important to the living conditions and spatial structures of cities. Identifying and classifying the different types of urban parks are important for analyzing the sustainable development and the greening progress in cities. Existing studies have predominantly focused on the data extraction of urban green spaces as a whole, while there have been relatively few studies that have considered different categories of urban parks and their impact, which makes it difficult to characterize or predict the spatial distribution and structures of urban parks and limits further refinement of urban research. At present, the classification of urban parks relies on the physical features observed in remote sensing images, but these methods are limited when mapping the diverse functions and attributes of urban parks. Crowd-sourced geographic data may more accurately express the social functions of points of interest (POIs) in cities, and, therefore, employing open data sources may assist in data extraction and the classification of different types of urban parks. This paper proposed a multi-source data fusion approach for urban park classification including POI and urban functional zone (UFZ) data. First, the POI data were automatically reclassified using improved natural language processing (NLP) (i.e., text similarity measurements and topic modeling) to establish the links between urban park green-space types and POIs. The reclassified POI data as well as the UFZ data were then subjected to scene-based data fusion, and various types of urban parks were extracted using data attribute analysis and social attribute recognition for urban park mapping. Experimental analysis was conducted across Beijing and Hangzhou to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which had an overall classification accuracy of 82.8%. Finally, the urban park types of the two cities were compared and analyzed to obtain the characteristics of urban park types and structures in the two cities, which have different climates and urban structures.

INTANGIBLE IN URBANISM OF THE XXI CENTURY

The article identifies the main ways of influencing the intangible on the spatial structure of the city, as well as ways to implement the intangible in urban planning of the XXI century. It is stated that the intangible is a manifestation of the inner world of man, which is practically unpredictable, but in its impact on the spatial structure of cities is not inferior to the material. It is established that the intangible is a manifestation of the inner world of man, which is practically unpredictable, but in its impact on the spatial structure of cities is not inferior to the material. Moreover, it shapes the image of the city, determines its history, reflects the relationship with society, memory, science, art and more. Based on the fact that a peculiar trend in the development of urban planning in the XXI century. is the observance of various environmental standards, which is provoked not so much by the practical, aesthetic need or demand of the consumer (person), as by the political and social situation that has formed in the world, the study of the intangible is important.
 The method and form of intangible impact is studied on the basis of our survey, which showed that residents of the Carpathian region do not clearly understand the content of intangible, and the determining factor is aesthetic and landscape, which is actually a combination of tangible and intangible. The monitoring results proved the need to classify intangible factors and to determine the degree of influence of each of them on the spatial structure of cities. The classification was carried out on the basis of the degree of influence on the spatial structure of the city, the method of influencing the form of the urban system, the effect of the intangible in time. It is argued that a common feature that unites intangible factors in the process of their impact on the spatial structure of the city is the value (axiological) aspect. Value is a key category that combines all intangible factors in their impact on the spatial structure of the city, as well as their relationship with the material.

Smart City: A Question of Social Sustainability in Urban Spaces? Assessing The Impacts of ICT on Changing Urban Behavioral Patterns in Urban Spaces of Madinaty, Egypt.

Smart city is one of the powerful concepts that have deep impacts on contemporary cities. Planners, developers, and authorities thought that change to smart city using information and communication technologies could enhance the quality of urban life; rather, still their impact on long-term change of social life and consequently on social sustainability in contemporary cities is not fully investigated. Some scholars argued that moving from conventional to smart city will greatly encourage social activities in urban space. In contrast, this research argues that increasing people familiarity with ICT will create new urban behavioral patterns that could build great barrier to urban social sustainability. It aims to take the proper precautions for any expected negative impacts on social sustainability. The research adopts a case study of three parks in Madinaty, Egypt. It aims to find the correlation exists between people familiarity with ICT and changing behavioral patterns. It is concluded that smart cities have great consequences on changing patterns of urban behavior, city spatial structure and urban social sustainability. The research recommends smart design guidelines using social, communicative, and collective activities to mitigate any expected social risks of smartness.