Spatial Meaning Research Articles

Смыслообразующие функции пространственной координаты культуры в философской концепции М. Фуко

The article is devoted to the study of understanding the meaning-forming functions of culture, determined by its spatial characteristics in the philosophical work of Michel Foucault. He puts forward the thesis about the decisive role of space in social practice, the growth of complication of its organization from planar to three-dimensional, and opens up virtual spaces of cultural thinking. Space is understood not only geographically, but as the initial impulse and attribute of culture. The comparison method makes it possible to study the evolution of the thinker’s views from focusing on social aspects, through awareness of the problems of individual consciousness to understanding the deep dynamics of culture as a semiotic, ethical and aesthetic phenomenon. Striving for generalization, the author relies on such notions of M. Foucault as episteme, “spaces of disagreement”, and “heterotopic” spaces. The concept of “individuation of spatial vision” is introduced, and the principle of “multiplicity of spatial levels” is included in the scientific circulation. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the discovery of the cultural relativity of spatial meanings in the context of the historical comprehension of the topos, the dynamics of its points and the branching of spatial levels. This article is an attempt to reveal the mechanism of spatial displacements outlined by Foucault, which will become the basis for understanding the new possibilities of creativity in art and culture.

Short-Term Multi-Step Ahead Wind Power Predictions Based On A Novel Deep Convolutional Recurrent Network Method

In this paper, a novel deep convolutional recurrent network method, the K-shape and K-means guided Convolutional Neural Network integrating Gated Recurrent Units (KK-CNN-GRU), for short-term multi-step ahead predictions of wind turbine power generations is proposed. The KK-CNN-GRU is composed of three modules, an input tensor construction module, a two-layer clustering module, and a prediction module. In the input tensor construction module, data of spatial, temporal, and physical meaning features are fused and organized as a tensor. Meanwhile, the two-layer clustering module is used to recognize patterns of a wind power time series and offer a cluster membership to the associated input tensor. Finally, predictions are generated by feeding the input tensor into the prediction module, which is composed of a feature weighting unit, a convolutional neural network, and a set of gated recurrent unit cells with fully connected layers switched according to the cluster membership of the input tensor. In experimental studies, two sets of six-step ahead prediction experiments are conducted with considered prediction horizons from 7.1 seconds to 42.6 seconds and from 10 minutes to 1 hour, respectively. The high prediction accuracy of the proposed KK-CNN-GRU is validated by comparing with state-of-the-art benchmarking methods.

КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ АНАЛИЗ АНГЛИЙСКИХ И РУССКИХ ПАРЕМИЙ ДЛЯ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВА

In the present research work, the authors conducted a linguocultural study of English and Russian paroemias, verbalizing spatial relationships and compared both linguocultures in the framework of national mental attitudes. Having analyzed English paroemias with spatial meaning, the authors defined main groups of paroemias with different meanings, such as “its own-foreign”, “inside-outside”, “near-far”, “closely-rarely”, “left-right”, “up-down”, “world”, “house”, “mountain”. The authors focused on paroemias with toponymical component in this research work. They collected samplings in a random order and used different English and Russian dictionaries, phrase-books, as well as varieties of electronic resources. The authors pay special attention to the modelling of paroemias semantics. The revealed models allow explicating the cognitive linguoculturological message, contained in paroemias.

An experimental study on deictic verbs and the coding patterns of deixis in Ilami Kurdish: A comparative study

Conducting a video-based experiment in English, Japanese and Thai, Matsumoto et al. (2017) report that deictic verbs are more frequently used when the motion is not just toward the speaker but also into his/her functional space (i.e. functional HERE of the speaker) defined by limits of interaction and visibility as well as when the motion is accompanied by an interactional behaviour of the Figure such as greeting the speaker. They claim that directional venitive prepositional phrases (henceforth PPs) like toward me do not exhibit this feature, though. This paper aims to reevaluate these proposals (Matsumoto et al. 2017) in Ilami Kurdish (henceforth IK), thereby figuring out whether the functional nature of deictic verbs observed in the three studied languages is also attested in this dialect. In line with the findings reported by Matsumoto et al. (2017), results of this research reveal that the semantics of venitive verbs of motion in IK is spatial and functional at the same time. In other words, these verbs are more often used in the verbal descriptions of the IK participants, when the Figure shares a functional space with the speaker induced by limits of interaction and visibility, and also when he/she smiles at or greets the speaker. Importantly, results show that venitive PPs in IK can be functional in nature or add some functional meaning (in addition to their spatial meaning) to the verb, so that participants utilize venitive adpositions along with the venitive verb to add emphasis on the kind of motion (to be a venitive one) and express that the Figure would be “very close” to the speaker at the end of motion.

Social Memory, Iconicity, and Gendered Spaces in Tuareg Sedentarization and Urbanization

This article explores selective memories of nomadic gendered spaces, as expressed in the iconicity of housing built forms and their surrounding motifs and practices in terms of their meanings in relation to changing social contexts among the previously more nomadic Saharan Tuareg in sedentarization and urbanization. The approach here takes the apparently temporal idea of historical change in a formerly nomadic society and connects it to the spatial continuities and transformations in settled and urban organization and practice, analyzing their impact upon gender constructs and relations between the sexes, and exploring ways women and men actively respond to and manipulate these new spaces through evoking selective memories of their rural nomadic milieu. It is shown how local and national social constructions of memory and history sometimes converge, sometimes diverge, and have changed under wider pressures, while Tuareg women's lives and their place as makers of much material culture have been transformed. It is argued that agency in gendered spaces in oases and towns of Niger and Mali alternately obliterates and commemorates important gender constructs central to cultural identity. More broadly, this article argues that spatial and iconic meanings emerge only when animated by practices focused on both remembering and forgetting, practices not always rigidly opposed or mutually exclusive.

Underlying relational dimensions of flow transitions along ring roads and their impacts on the typo-morphology of open spaces: two cases from Nordic countries

ABSTRACT This study explores the roles and functions of urban voids and their relationship with the built forms alongside ring roads. This investigation sheds light on the typo-morphology of open spaces in regard to the flow transitions (in substance, intensity, and/or direction) of ring roads, addressing several relational aspects between the built and non-built environments in two case studies: Greater Helsinki, Finland and Oslo, Norway. By using a descriptive mapping method, this study classifies open spaces and then qualitatively describes the levels and degrees of spatial and social interaction and exchange. In both case studies, new patterns of open spaces gradually evolved, in which their primary roles were not only to contain the physical exchange neutrally, but also to provide a symbolic spatial meaning and experience in accordance with the flow. This study describes six dimensions of flow transitions and their impacts on open spaces alongside ring roads and the levels of spatial and social interaction there. Finally, it calls for the adoption of new approaches to improve the existing networks of open spaces as binding elements alongside ring roads, where their emptiness and fragmentation could be used to overcome spatial inertia, discontinuity, and disintegration.

Локативний орієнтир як маркер концептуалізації простору

The locativity category has philosophical and linguistic interpretations. Linguistics regards locativityas a category encompassing the entire spectrum of spatial meanings represented by such main variations as static, dynamics, transitivity. The category under consideration has been reflected on the sentence level of the structural submodel Sub + Praed + Adv loc with its attached invariant semantics ‘carrier of procedural characteristic + procedural characteristic + spatial boundaries of procedural characteristic’. Formation of differential meanings as specific representatives of invariant content plane is done through all constituent positions –subject, predicate, and near-predicate. The complex locative mechanism is reflected by sentences with the following denotative situations: ‘somebody (something) is residing somewhere’, ‘something (somebody) is heading some-where with registering spatial coordinates –start, finish, both start and finish simultaneously’, ‘something (somebody) is heading somewhere without registering spatial coordinates’. Locative conceptualization mechanism is complex, with its important marker being a locative reference point related to the real roundabouts of somebody or something.

Corpus Based Semantic and Collocational Cognitive Analysis of Spatial Adjectives “大” and “크다”

Spatial measure category is one of the most basic cognitive categories. There are a lot of researches on adjectives in the category of spatial measurement. In the past, most studies have analyzed the spatial meaning and metaphorical meaning of these words from the perspective of semantics and asymmetry. However, there are few comparative studies based on corpus from the perspective of collocation. “大” and “크다” are the most commonly used spatial measure adjectives in Chinese and Korean. Based on the corpus of Chinese and Korean, this paper, from the perspective of adjective collocation, makes a comparative analysis of the spatial meaning, extended meaning and collocation generality and individuality of “大” and “크다” in Chinese and Korean by using qualitative and quantitative methods. The research shows that both languages have generality and individuality in semantics and collocation. Commonness comes from the similarity of human

Exploring the asymmetric coding of autobenefactive in Lithuanian and beyond

In this paper, I investigate a group of semantically close functions marked by the Reflexive marker in Lithuanian, which I address as autobenefactive. I provide a classification of these functions and then turn to a marking asymmetry which is characteristic of the them, namely the tendency to occur in perfective contexts and not to occur in progressive contexts. On the basis of a questionnaire, I show that this tendency indeed exists, although different verbs are involved to different degrees, and we are presumably witnessing an ongoing grammaticalization process. I then compare the Lithuanian marking asymmetry to a phenomenon in Georgian, in which the use of “subjective version” exhibits a similar kind of asymmetry with some groups of verbs. In the concluding section, I propose a typological explanation of the observed asymmetry, hypothesizing that the markers of both languages function in a way parallel to so-called “bounders” – telicizers with primary spatial meanings.

Засоби мовної репрезентації категорії простору в англійській термінології сфери біотехнології

The object of study of our article is the English special (terminological) vocabulary, which nominates the concept of biotechnology. The choice of terminology in the field of biotechnology as an object of study is not accidental. From a linguistic point of view, this field of knowledge is characterized by special biotechnological terminology, which is still being formed and is formed mainly in English, although the development of research in biotechnology is not a priority of the Anglo-American community. The study of biotechnological terminology from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics is associated with the study of the role of epistemological categories and their linguistic expression in the studied terminology. It has been established that certain categories play an important role both in the birth of a scientific concept and in the formation of a name reflecting it. The system of knowledge about the world, reflecting the cognitive experience of man, is characterized by a combination of concepts, in which, among others, one of the most important for the construction of the whole conceptual system is the concept of space. Spatial concepts and relationships play an important role in language. Our interest in space as a source for explaining the cognitive features of the biotechnological term is also due to the fact that the spatial approach is traditionally used to describe biological objects in the natural sciences. The purpose of the article is to study the role of the space category and its linguistic expression in the English biotechnological terminology. The author aims to reveal the functional features of the category of space in the language of biotechnology and to identify a set of tools in the English language that serve to express this category. The category under study is widely used in biotechnological terminology, since it is one of the basic categories that serve to classify concepts in the field of biotechnology. The epistemological category of space is widely represented in biotechnological terminology, as it has a pragmatic significance, which is explained by the need to accurately indicate the specific shape, size, location and movement of objects used by man for manipulation. Thus, from the point of view of the cognitive approach one of the bases of classification of concepts in biotechnological terminology is the category of space. Concepts of space (PLACE, FORM, SIZE MOVEMENT) are of paramount importance in the process of forming the concepts of biotechnology.In the process of forming knowledge about biological objects there is a selection of spatial concepts, of which in the foreground are concepts related to the topological properties of space (especially PLACE), they are verbalized primarily in English biotechnological terms. In the structure of language units, the component with spatial meaning is not the same in nature and occupies a different position. These can be specialized spatial morphemes, special spatial vocabulary, syntactic constructions that carry spatial information.

Пространственная семантика послелога деер в калмыцком языке

Introduction. The article examines spatial uses of the postposition деер in the Kalmyk language. The semantic system of postpositions that form postpositional constructions comprises a complex area of various relations. A remarkable place in the Mongolic languages is occupied by spatial meanings of postpositions, the postposition деер being a most common and productive one therein. Goals. The research aims to describe spatial meanings of the postposition деер in the Kalmyk language. Materials. The work analyzes data selected from various dictionaries, literary and journalistic texts included in the National Corpus of the Kalmyk Language, Kalmyk National Corpus, and the Kalmyk Digital Library. Results. This postposition is mentioned in all dictionaries of Mongolic languages and is a most common and productive lexical unit. It expresses a wide variety of relations resulting from its syntactic ties: spatial, temporal, comitative, target, and quantitative-restrictive values. Along with concrete, real relations this postposition in various speech situations acquires additional, sometimes very abstract meanings based its core seme. The spatial meanings of the postposition деер in the Kalmyk language are considered in detail. In addition to its main meaning — location or movement on the surface — this postposition indicates movement or performing an action over the surface of an object without reaching contact, in close vicinity, near a landmark, and also shows the direction of action. This postposition can express ‘event space’. Conclusions. The analysis of spatial relations expressed by the postposition деер shows a variety of transmitted meanings in various speech situations, as well as features of its use in the Kalmyk language.

Vliv prefixace na slovesnou vazbu v češtině (na materiálu nových sloves z oblasti internetových a mobilních technologií)

W niniejszym artykule omówiono zmiany rekcji czasowników spowodowane przedrostkami czasowników bazowych. Wiadomo, że czasowniki w wyniku użycia przedrostka uzyskują rząd biernika. Jest jednak kilka przypadków, w których nie obserwuje się tranzytywizacji czasownika, np. gdy czasownik poprzedzony jest przedrostkiem po- i za- w znaczeniu ograniczającym. Czasowniki o znaczeniu przestrzennym (a także czasowniki wyrażające ruch metaforyczny) zwykle przy prefiksacji nie są tranzytywne. Przedmiotem przedstawionej analizy jest dziewięć gniazd słowotwórczych z zakresu technologii internetowych i mobilnych oraz komunikacji. Analiza wykazała, że większość czasowników z przedrostkiem jest tranzytywna. Jednak czasowniki z prefiksami do- (co oznacza ‘zakończenie czynności – na dłuższy okres lub na stałe’), po- i za- (oba w znaczeniu ograniczającym) zwykle nie są przechodnie, nawet jeśli są derywowane od przechodnich czasowników. Ruch metaforyczny jest zwykle wyrażany przez konstrukcję „przedrostek-V se [k čemu / z čeho itd.]”, w której pozycja biernika jest blokowana przez morfem se.
 AbstraktTento článek se zabývá změnami slovesné vazby způsobenými prefixací základového slovesa. Je známo, že vlivem prefixace se slovesná vazba zpravidla mění ve prospěch akuzativní vazby. Existuje však několik případů, kdy k tranzitivizaci slovesa nedochází, např. při odvozování pomocí prefixů po- a za- v delimitativním významu.Také slovesa s prostorovým významem (a slovesa vyjadřující metaforický pohyb) se při prefixaci obvykle netranzitivizují. Předmětem analýzy je devět slovotvorných hnízd z oblasti internetových a mobilních technologií a komunikace. Analýza ukázala, že většina prefigovaných derivátů je tranzitivních. Slovesa s prefixem do- (ve významu ‘ukončit činnost (na delší dobu nebo definitivně)‘), po- a za- (oba v delimitativním významu) však většinou tranzitivní nejsou, i když jsou odvozena z tranzitivních základových sloves. Metaforický pohyb je typicky vyjadřován pomocí konstrukce ‘prefix-V se [k čemu/z čeho apod.]’, u níž je akuzativní pozice blokována formantem se.

Not in My Office: Rights in an Armed Campus Space

When the Texas legislature in August 2016 allowed concealed handguns on campuses, the implementation of the legislation assumed a spatial meaning. At issue was not so much what the impact of firearms in educational establishments would be but where concealed guns could be carried and which specific locations were to be determined as exclusion zones. The decision-making process boiled down to a negotiation of rights by the federal government, state legislature, university, and members of the campus community. In particular, the question of gun rights was interpreted through notions of space, freedom, and privacy, as understood through amendments to the US Constitution.

Interpreting Estonian Demonstratives: The Effects of Referent's Distance and Visual Salience.

Most of the research done with spatial demonstratives (words such as this, here and that, there) have focused on the production, not the interpretation, of these words. In addition, emphasis has been largely on demonstrative pronouns, leaving demonstrative adverbs with relatively little research attention. The present study explores the interpretation of both demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adverbs in Estonian—a Finno-Ugric language with two dialectal-specific demonstrative pronoun systems. In the South-Estonian (SE) dialectal region, two demonstrative pronouns, see—“this” and too—“that”, are used. In the North-Estonian (NE) region, only one, see—“this/that”, is used. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we test if the distance and the visual salience of a referent have an effect on the interpretation of demonstratives. Second, we explore if there is a difference in the interpretation of demonstratives between native speakers from SE and NE. We used an interpretation experiment with 30 participants per group (total n = 60) and compared the SE and NE group responses. The results clearly show that the distance of the referent has an effect on how demonstratives are interpreted across the two groups, while the effect of visual salience is inconclusive. There is also a difference in the interpretation of demonstratives between the two dialectal groups. When using the Estonian with an influence of the SE dialect, the NE speakers rely on demonstrative adverbs in interpreting the referential utterance that includes demonstrative pronoun and adverb combinations, whereas the SE speakers also take into account the semantics of demonstrative pronouns. We show that, in addition to an already known difference in the production, there is also a difference in the interpretation of demonstratives between the two groups. In addition, our findings support the recognition that languages that have distance neutral demonstrative pronouns enforce the spatial meaning of a referring utterance by adding demonstrative adverbs. Not only is the interpretation of demonstrative pronouns affected, but the interpretation of demonstrative adverbs as well. The latter shows the importance of studying adverbs also, not just pronouns, and contributes to further knowledge of how demonstratives function.

On the Establishment of Database of Morpheme Meaning Annotations for Modern Chinese Compounds

This research establishes Database of Morpheme Meaning Annotations for Compounds, and statistically analyses the using frequency of morphemes and their meanings in the database. The research shows that the using frequency of “zi” (子) and “er” (儿) is the highest, and their meanings with the highest using frequency are applied when the morphemes are affixes. Among various meanings of one morpheme, only one meaning would be applied with high frequency, with simpler and specific implications. By overviewing all morphemes, it is observed that those with higher using frequency do not necessarily have meanings with high frequency of use. By analyzing internal structures of compounds, this paper finds that noun-modification compounds are the most, followed with verb-object compounds and affixation compounds. The semantic logic relations between morphemes and compound words can be: word definitions can be the abstraction of objects signified by morpheme meanings, or of senses signified by morpheme meanings, or of spatial meanings signified by morpheme meanings.

걷기 동호인이 경험하는 개인·공간적 의미와 가치 탐색

The purpose of this study is to explore the personal and spatial meanings experienced through walking based on the experiences of actors who regularly participate in walking movements in walking communities formed for the purpose of walking. For this, a case study, one of qualitative research methods, was applied. Participant observation and in-depth interview were conducted using the traditional case study approach to gain in-depth access to the experiences of subject actors in walking clubs. Participation observation was conducted by participating in regular walking movements of 41 walking clubs active in the D area, and a total of 11 study participants were selected from among the members of the club. The results obtained through this process are as follows. First, it is an experience of personal perception as a social being. The public value of the individual was formed, the opportunity for self-reflection was made, and the maintenance of spatiality was canceled with respect to the time spent walking while experiencing an abnormal life. Second, it is the spatial value and practice of walking. At the same time, the environment of the surrounding landscape was recognized as an important factor in walking practice. In addition, the identity of the pedestrian place was formed, and the opinion that walking tourism for urban regeneration should be made.

Locative Ps as general relators

AbstractBased mostly on the Romance languages, we provide evidence for the conclusion that oblique adpositions involved in the encoding of location and direction do not contribute a specific, fixed spatial meaning. On the contrary, they are general relators, relating a complement to an event by establishing an inclusion relation between them. Locatives are specializations of the basic relational inclusion content. State-in, motion-to and motion-from interpretations depend on the interaction of these simple relators with the structure of the event. Specifically, the relator may attach at the level of the Result phrase (goal, motion-to) or at the level of the Cause layer (source, motion-from). Furthermore, the Romance languages provide evidence for differential encoding of non-animatevs. animate location, which we refer to as locative DOM, presenting and discussing various instances of it.

Characteristics of Micro Spatial Patterns, Functions and Meanings of the Towani Tolotang’s Traditional House

The architecture of Towani Tolotang’s traditional house has characteristics that represents the identity, activities, social and cultural values ​​of the community. The Towani Tolotang people strongly maintain the relationship of togetherness and unity shown by the architecture of traditional houses. This study discussed and examined the characteristics of micro spatial patterns, functions, and meanings of the Towani Tolotang’s traditional house. The study was conducted in Amparita Village, Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi. The discussion on the architecture of the traditional house of Towani Tolotang was carried out by applying the naturalistic phenomenological method. This type of research is qualitative with the process of collecting data through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Data analysis was performed using descriptive qualitative, describing in accordance with the natural situation. The results of the study revealed that there were two spaces in the spatial pattern of Towani Tolotang’s traditional house being the characteristics different from Bugis’s houses in general. They were tamping and special rooms. The function of the space was similar to the Bugis’s house in general, except the two spaces. Tamping was functioned as a place to receive guests with the status of ordinary people, and the special room was used as a place for ritual and taking prayer for the people of Towani Tolotang. Every space in the Towani Tolotang’s traditional house has its own meaning, included tamping which means respect for the traditional leader and special room which means the sacred space.

Implicit cognitive meanings of the spatial prepositions in, on, and at in English

Learning English prepositions is deemed as a difficult task for EFL learners (Cheng, 2006) because some English prepositions have many similar but slightly different meanings (Boers & Demecheleer, 1998; Radden, 1985). EFL leaners face difficulty in using English prepositions because they may only learn the linguistic forms but not the conceptual meanings embedded in prepositions. The purpose of this research is to investigate English spatial prepositions in, on, and at from a cognitive perspective, e.g. the theory of conceptual metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and cognitive grammar (Langacker, 2008). The investigation of the present study was mainly done with document analysis (Bowen, 2009; O’Leary, 2014). After reviewing many primary and previous studies (Dikken, 1995; Freeborn, 1987; Lindstromberg, 1996, 2010; Nishimura, 2005; Radden, 1985), the findings show that English prepositions in, on, and at have not only their prototypical meanings but also implicit meanings, which may be extended by metaphors. It is also found that there is an intimate relationship between the spatial and temporal meanings of prepositions. Besides, the prototypical meanings of in, on, and at can be the foundation to learn other spatial or temporal concepts. Therefore, it is suggested that understanding metaphors and the implicit meanings embedded in prepositions can help EFL students’ learning of English language.

왕슈(王澍)의 수안산거(水岸山居) 건축 외부공간의 특성에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the design philosophy in the works of architect Wang Shu's ‘Suan Shanger’ and analyze the external spatial meaning associated with factors such as viewpoints, circulation, and materials that appear in the design process to examine the characteristics of the external space shown in Wang Shu's architecture. As a research method, first, Wang Shu's theory of architectural background and principle is considered, and the characteristics, circulation, and outer space of architectural space shown in his architectural theory and works are mainly studied. The analysis will be conducted on Wang Shu's ‘Suan Shanger’ architectural works, and will be studied by analyzing his works, essays and interviews. The introduction presents the background, purpose, scope, and method of research, and presents the framework of analysis based on his work, architectural design process, and major design vocabulary, and analyzes and organizes the exterior space implemented in ‘Suan Shanger’ architecture in three aspects based on this framework. Wang shu's architecture has three characteristics: first, the expression of the outer space by the point of view unfolds according to the direction of the user's circulation, and this point is not only considered at one point, but it is composed of three different perspectives (Look up, Deep, and Plain). Second, the diverse circulations of the outer space induce the users' various visual changes and spatial experiences. Third, the material composition of the outer space solved the problem by extracting ideas based on tradition and finding a way to respond by harmonizing them with modern architectural materials. Wang Shu, the representative of Chinese architecture, shows his values and guidelines by combining his architectural design with landscape and city through the external space embodied in ‘Suan Shanger’.