Village Space Research Articles

Design of a Traditional Village Cultural Heritage Preservation and Management System Based on Multi-Agent Networks

Preserving cultural heritage is essential for maintaining cultural diversity and promoting sustainable development. This study investigates the application of multi-agent networks in the protection and management of traditional village cultural heritage, capitalizing on their inherent distributed, collaborative, and adaptable characteristics. By integrating advanced technologies such as big data, data mining, and machine learning, the research meticulously develops a comprehensive system architecture and functional modules aimed at revitalizing traditional village spaces. The findings demonstrate significant enhancements in protection efficiency, while simultaneously fostering cultural inheritance and innovation within village communities. Through these innovative approaches, this study provides valuable insights into the preservation of traditional village cultural heritage and contributes to the broader objectives of cultural diversity conservation.

Evaluation of spatial form and activation strategies of traditional villages using spatial information technology

Traditional villages are important carriers of regional cultural inheritance. The challenge of utilizing spatial information technology to protect and preserve the architectural spatial patterns and regional context of traditional villages has attracted significant attention. This study focuses on Biasha Miao village in Guizhou province, China, as the case study. Digital information technology was used to evaluate the architectural spatial texture and typical street space characteristics of different villages. Using the DepthMap model of space syntax and parameters such as integration, average depth value, and connectivity, the article examines the spatial form of traditional villages across three aspects: overall space, street space, and point-like public space. In the end, a spatial activation optimization strategy was proposed. The results showed that the spatial layout of buildings in different villages is closely related to the distribution characteristics of landscape elements such as landform, water system, and farmland, as well as residents’ production, lifestyle, and regional culture. Da village and Zaige new village are well-connected to the main traffic roads connecting them to the outside world, resulting in high spatial permeability and a more extroverted spatial development. Most public spaces are located near the main village road, offering good accessibility, or at the geometric center of the village, where they serve critical roles in cultural display and distribution. This study proposes targeted activation strategies focusing on road traffic, street layout, and spatial nodes to optimize and enhance the spatial quality of traditional villages, improve residents’ living environments, and provide practical guidance for the sustainable development of traditional village spaces.

Single-clan settlements and multiple-clan settlements: a case study based on the evolution of spatial fractals in four traditional villages in the Xianggan region of China

ABSTRACT Compared with those in other Chinese provinces, the villages in Hunan and Jiangxi are characterized by complex clan networks. Our purpose was to elucidate the complexity and hierarchical changes in the evolution of clan-organized settlement patterns and the spatial fractal structure of traditional villages. Box-counting dimension analysis, which is based on fractal theory, was used to evaluate the evolution of four villages in Hunan and Jiangxi, China. Our findings indicated that (1) both single-clan and multiclan villages exhibit a spatial fractal pattern; (2) the fractal dimension of individual buildings is greater than that of building groups and the village as a whole; and (3) the self-similarity fractal dimension is greater for single-clan villages than for multiclan villages. These findings establish a connection between the restoration needs of traditional villages and the potential application of the self-similarity principle. They support a hierarchical approach to conservation, beginning with individual architectural units to preserve the villages’ original authenticity. Moreover, the observed fractal differentiation revealed the fundamental clan-cultural logic underlying traditional village spaces. This logic elucidates the potential of leveraging each village’s unique clan culture to counteract the homogenization of village space development, thereby revitalizing the grassroots dynamics of village spatial development.

Assessing the dynamic vitality of public spaces in tourism-oriented traditional villages: a collaborative active perception method

Public spaces in traditional villages are the root of the development, preservation, and inheritance of rural cultural heritage. However, these spaces in tourism-oriented traditional villages continue to suffer from issues such as inconsistent vitality, more competition than cooperation, and inefficient revitalisation. Limited by the low precision of spatiotemporal data in rural areas, previous static and materialised vitality evaluation methods have failed to explore the dynamic nature of the flow of people in traditional village public spaces. This study investigated a collaborative active perception method using Wi-Fi probes and static snapshots to assess their dynamic vitality. An empirical study was conducted using Yantou Village in Lishui City, China, as an example. The empirical results indicate that this method can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal variations and the scenarios of the dynamic vitality of small public spaces in traditional villages, deepening the cognitive depth of their vitality from time and humanity, providing a basis for the spatiotemporal synergistic enhancement of their public spaces, and offering insights for their revitalisation.

Quality Evaluation of Public Spaces in Traditional Villages: A Study Using Deep Learning and Panoramic Images

In the context of rapid urbanization, public spaces in traditional villages face challenges such as material ageing, loss of characteristics, and functional decline. The scientific and objective assessment of the quality of these public spaces is crucial for the sustainable development of traditional villages. Panoramic images, as an important source of spatial data, combined with deep learning technology, can objectively quantify the characteristics of public spaces in traditional villages. However, existing research has paid insufficient attention to the evaluation of the quality of public spaces in traditional villages at the micro-scale, often relying on questionnaires and interviews, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of planning and construction. This study constructs an evaluation system for the quality of public spaces in traditional villages, taking national-level traditional villages in the Fangshan District of Beijing as an example, based on traditional field research, using deep learning and panoramic images to automatically extract the features of public spaces in traditional villages, using a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) methods to determine the weights of the indicators and applying the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to evaluate the quality of public spaces in traditional villages. The study found that the quality of public spaces in Nanjiao Village is Grade I; Shuiyu Village and Liulinshui Village, Grade III; and Heilongguan Village, Grade IV and that there is still much room for improvement in general. The evaluation results match well with the public’s subjective perceptions, with an R2 value of 0.832, proving that the constructed evaluation system has a high degree of accuracy. This study provides a scientific basis and an effective tool for the planning, design, and management of public spaces in traditional villages, which helps decision-makers better protect and utilize them.

Genetic Characteristics Evaluation and Planning Design of Traditional Village Cultural Landscape: Taking Dongmen Fishing Village in Xiangshan, Zhejiang Province as an Example

ABSTRACT Taking Dongmen Fishing Village in Xiangshan, Zhejiang Province as an example, based on the theory of cultural landscape genes, this paper constructs a cultural landscape gene information chain for Dongmen Fishing Village, and proposes the composition and construction method of the information chain, ultimately forming information points including 4 major categories, 14 subcategories, and 29 points, including 4 information elements of fishery industry culture, folk beliefs culture, maritime defense culture, and island settlement culture, as well as an information corridor formed by overlapping village spaces. The study further conducts quantitative evaluation of cultural landscape genes through questionnaire surveys, including the importance of different information points and their correlation with information elements. Through IPA analysis of importance and correlation, the types of cultural landscape genes are clarified, and their type and spatial characteristics are further analyzed. Based on this, the study analyzes the current problems of the cultural landscape in Dongmen Fishing Village and conducts planning and design research on it. The research results provide scientific basis for the protection and utilization of cultural landscapes in Dongmen Fishing Village in the future.

The urban aesthetics of graffiti murals: reproducing wall space in China’s urban renewal

In China, as in the West in recent decades to a lesser degree, the semantics of ‘graffiti’ have gradually become an alternative term for graffiti murals in urban renewal. Graffiti murals, through various renewal strategies, reproduce the wall spaces of old towns, factories and villages in Chinese urban areas, giving rise to diverse aesthetic attitudes. Taking Guangzhou, China, as a case study, this article utilizes graffiti mural images defined as ‘graffiti’ by people on social media as the basic material. Visual research methods such as photo evaluation and eye-tracking experiments are employed to analyse the aesthetic attitudes and mechanisms of mainstream street art, which in fact differ from traditional graffiti. The study reveals that people perceive different types of graffiti mural spaces in various ways, with a more positive aesthetic attitude towards urban mural landscapes that exhibit aesthetic coherence. Viewers with embodied practice experiences in ‘graffiti’ show stronger aesthetic emotions compared to those who have not visited the case study location. These differences are further influenced by the aesthetic atmosphere of the environment and the aesthetic practices of different subjects onsite, deviating slightly from the spatial aesthetic operational logic of traditional graffiti. From various perspectives on Chinese ‘graffiti’, the visual methodology constructed in this study provides new insights for the aesthetic management of urban renewal.

Research on Traditional Village Spatial Differentiation from the Perspective of Cultural Routes: A Case Study of 338 Villages in the Miao Frontier Corridor

The traditional villages in the Miao Frontier Corridor are the products of migrations, social interactions, and transportation, as well as production interchanges between the central plains and the frontiers of China in ancient times. They have made significant contributions to local multicultural inheritance and regional social development. However, with the increasing pressure of heritage conservation and sustainable development, there is growing attention on how traditional villages can tap into their cultural continuity and distinctiveness. This study introduces the concept of cultural routes, with the aim of integrating traditional villages of different ethnicities, regions, and characteristics from the perspective of diversity. It analyzes their spatial differentiation characteristics and the factors influencing them, providing basic support for the overall protection of traditional villages with special characteristics. Following this idea, 338 remaining traditional villages in the Miao Frontier Corridor were selected as the research objects. With the help of 91-satellite maps and a geographic information system (GIS), a cultural and geographic database of the traditional villages in the Miao Frontier Corridor was constructed to objectively explore the roles of the traditional villages’ natural geography, historical, and humanistic elements in the spatial categorization on a large scale. This study shows that the spatial distribution of the traditional villages in the Miao Frontier Corridor is uneven, exhibiting a cluster structure with of a “single primary nucleus with multiple secondary nuclei”. The spatial differentiation of traditional villages exhibits a similar clustering pattern based on individual natural geographic factors, such as elevation, mountain undulation, slope, and water systems. Additionally, there is discernible regularity concerning historical and humanistic factors, such as ethnicity type, age of village establishment, and the presence of guard stations. Further exploring the micro-spatial level, the natural geographical environment serves as the structural foundation of traditional village space, while the historical and humanistic environment fosters multiple differentiations in traditional village space in terms of influencing factors. Together, these factors jointly influence the spatial differentiation of traditional villages. This study enriches the dynamic aspects of linear cultural heritage preservation and also provides new insights into the specialized development within the overall protection of traditional villages.

Construction of Multiple Paths for the Living Protection and Utilization of Traditional Villages: A Case Study of the Zhoutie Traditional Village in the Taihu Lake Area

China is a vast country with a wide range of geographical and cultural differences, unbalanced economic development of traditional villages and housings, shortages in infrastructure and people’s living conditions, prominent environmental and ecological problems, and an urgent need to improve the overall level of rural development. For a long time, the protection and utilization of traditional villages have mostly been based on the cognitive views of “frozen protection”and “one-sided protection”, prompting difficulties and resistance in practice. Meanwhile, the result is not effective. At present, traditional villages encounter the situation of declining, hollowing out, and aging. Therefore, it is the theoretical frontier of traditional village research to get rid of the traditional one-sided and frozen protection model. Research should explore the living protection and utilization methods adapted to the characteristics of traditional villages and promote the close integration of traditional village protection and utilization with new development and construction.Under the background of rural revitalization strategy and solving the critical problems of a lack of vitality, the decline and hollowing out of traditional villages are caused by “frozen”protection strategies. This is based on the extensive research and continuous study conducted by the “Key Technology and Integrated Demonstration for the Living Protection and Utilisation of Traditional Villages”of the “13th Five-Year Plan”key research project, especially the in-depth study of traditional villages around Taihu Lake. From the perspective of integrated development, it recogni zes the dynamic interactions among the industrial status (production), regional natural resource (ecology), and historical living conditions (living) . This can help fully coordinate industrial development and improvement of the living environment and ecological construction. Thus, traditional vil lages can obtain endogenous power for sustainable development. It also reveals that living protection and utilization are embodied in a systematic and orderly protection system under the simultaneous development of spatial dimension and temporal dimensions.In the protection system, the coordinated development of spatial and temporal dimensions attaches importance to both the overall protection of the material space of traditional villages and the synergistic development of intangible culture and traditional villages in the time dimension. Its objective is to make the protection and utilization of traditional villages and the peoples ’daily lives mutually promote each other, enhance the villagers ’happiness and sense of achievement, and realize the sustainable development of traditional villages. For the theoretical approach, a multi-level path of living protection and utilization is constructed by combining spatial and temporal dimensions. Among them, the multi-level path in the spatial dimension is composed of three levels: the overall village layout, the individual building, and the indoor environment. The ephemeral path in the temporal dimension is progressively promoted by combining the immediate, medium, and long term, with intertwined interactions of the paths in temporal and spatial dimensions to achieve the living protection of traditional villages. Finally, the practical application of the above-mentioned multiple paths is elaborated by taking the Zhoutie traditional village demonstration project in the Taihu Lake area as an example. Both perspective and practical explorations are conducted.This study is on the construction of multiple paths of traditional villages in temporal and spatial dimensions with an elaboration of the Zhoutie traditional village in the Taihu Lake area. It is an example that will be a positive reference for the research and practical application of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in different regions of China towards an overall and dynamic ‘living ’protection and utilization model. Therefore, this study contributes to building traditional villages to gain continuous endogenous power and promote the sustainable development of traditional villages.

A Study on Identifying the Spatial Characteristic Factors of Traditional Streets Based on Visitor Perception: Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province

The street spaces in tourist-oriented traditional villages served both the daily lives of villagers and the leisure activities of tourists. However, due to insufficient understanding of the spatial characteristics and under-exploration of spatial genes, these spaces often suffered from homogenization during tourism development. Thus, identifying the characteristics and connotations of such streets, understanding the relationship between tourists’ perceptions and built environment elements, and developing optimization strategies for these rural street spaces were urgent issues. Many studies have evaluated street space characteristics from tourists’ behavior, but few have focused on rural areas. Especially, research combining new technologies like artificial intelligence to study the psychological perceptions of tourists is still in its infancy. This study used a typical traditional village as a case study and applied the YOLOv5 deep-learning model to build a perception evaluation system based on three dimensions: tourists’ aggregation degree, stay time, and facial expressions. The study conducted a multivariate regression analysis on 21 factors across 4 aspects: street scale morphology, environmental facilities, ground-floor interface, and street business types. Results indicated that the functional business type of the scene had the greatest impact on tourists’ perception of the street space environment, followed by ground-floor features and environmental facilities. The regression coefficient for business in situ values and spatial perception was 0.47, highlighting it as a key factor influencing characteristic perception. Landscape water systems, flat ground-floor façades, and business diversity also positively affected tourists’ perception. This study utilized advanced techniques like the YOLOv5 model, known for its speed and accuracy, to scientifically analyze tourists’ behavior and perceptions, serving as feedback and evaluation for the village’s built environment. Empirical analysis of Yuanjia Village validated the effectiveness of the multidimensional approach and spatial gene theory. Ultimately, this method identified 12 street characteristic factors significantly affecting tourists’ perceptions. The uniqueness of this study lies in its comprehensive approach, combining empirical research, spatial gene theory, and advanced object detection technology, providing new insights for village spatial planning and construction.

Working at home. Reconstructing activities within the LBK household through the systemic use-wear analysis of flint industries, bone and antler tools and ground stone implements

The systematic analysis of use-wear traces on flint, ground stone and bone tools, has rarely been carried out at Early Neolithic sites in continental Europe. Hence, it is a powerful means of identifying possible economic differences. As part of the ongoing HOMES project, we are investigating the importance and nature of acquisition strategies (hunting, harvesting), food preparation techniques (butchery, grain milling) and the processing of other resources (plant fibres) in a large set of LBK households in the Aisne Valley (France). After re-examining and integrating new results on the flint industry (366 tools), bone and antler tools (414 tools) and ground stone tools (114 tools), the aim here is to examine whether the processing of soft flint plants, hides and wood remains the dominant activity and how it coexists with more marginal activities such as the processing of soft minerals and textile fibres. The absence of certain activities is scrutinised in relation to their location within and outside the domestic and village space. Discrete functional characteristics are tracked to improve our understanding of the observed differences between the domestic units: segmentation of production processes, differences in the use of each type of raw material, intensity of use. In this way, we can test the hypothesis of autonomous or interdependent households in terms of production and consumption and investigate the economic structure of LBK villagers.

Research on Publicness Evaluation and Behavioral Characteristics in Traditional Villages—A Case Study of Chongqing Hewan Village

(1) Background: Public space is an important carrier for maintaining the cultural values of a village and the production and living customs of the villagers, but the use rights and boundaries are in an unstable and ambiguous state, and it is not a completely open and inclusive public space. The study aims to deepen the understanding of the publicness of public space in traditional villages from the perspective of subjective and objective combination, which reveals the relationship between the space and villagers’ behavior. (2) Methods: The research established an evaluation framework for assessing the “publicness” of public spaces in traditional villages by integrating space syntax and cognitive surveys. This framework facilitates the analysis of the extent and dimensions of publicness, along with corresponding behavioral patterns, and explores the underlying mechanisms influencing publicness. (3) Results: The study reveals significant variations in the publicness of traditional village spaces. High-publicness areas tend to cluster, whereas low-publicness areas are more scattered, and riverfront regions exhibit greater publicness compared to mountain-adjacent ones. Villagers exhibit notable differences in their evaluations of public spaces, and individuals aged 14–18 and those over 66 rate the highest. The utilization rate of high-publicness spaces is significantly high, catering to a diverse array of activities. In spaces with lower publicness, the duration and variety of activities tend to be more constrained, often limited to rapid exchanges or brief respites, exhibiting a narrower scope of activities. (4) Conclusions: The study underscores the variability and complexity of publicness in traditional village spaces, which manifest not only in spatial layouts and types but also in villagers’ usage patterns and behavioral preferences. This may be influenced by objective factors such as spatial accessibility, social interaction, and richness of cultural activities.

A study of spatial cognition in the rural heritage based on VR 3D eye-tracking experiments

Traditional Chinese villages act as the essential carriers of China’s rural heritage. Such villages are considered to retain living practices of intangible heritage through know-how, artistic and folk customs, as well as a well-preserved architectural appearance. However, their conservation is at stake due to degradation, abandonment, and urbanization. Spatial cognition is one way of bringing people to the matter of what is important to conserve (attributes) and why they are important (values). This is done by analysing how people perceive and value rural heritage. Traditional methods of gathering spatial cognition data, such as laborious fieldwork or subjective qualitative analyses, often fall short of providing a holistic representation of real-world experiences. This article presents an innovative method for analysing cognitive features in traditional village spaces using an immersive virtual reality equipped with an eye-tracking system. We selected Cheng and Jitou, two traditional Chinese villages, as our case studies. In two virtual reality environments, we captured accurate 3D cognitive data, including participants’ locomotion, gaze point, and sightline. The results indicate that the accessibility of village roads affects the distribution of people’s locomotion, which in turn affects the distribution of people’s areas of interest; the changes in the rhythm of the sightline scale reflect the rhythm of spatial changes in the villages. By broadening the understanding of spatial cognition in traditional Chinese villages related to people’s values, this paper sheds light on an alternative approach to assess the cultural significance of such villages for higher conservation and sustainability.

The Relationship between Spatial Behavior and External Spatial Elements in Ancient Villages Based on GPS-GIS: A Case Study of Huangshan Hinterland, China

Under rural revitalization and rapid construction in China, the mismatch between contemporary rural communities and villagers’ space behavior habits has attracted widespread attention. This study proposes and practices a design methodology for a newly built rural community based on spatial elements and their relationship with the behavior of local ancient villages. We explore the relationship between the two by applying drone-tech aerial photos, GPS, and ArcGIS. The results indicate that: (1) Ancient villages have abundant external spatial elements different from urban communities. Each space element of the ancient village has a specific function corresponding to the villagers’ daily life needs. (2) Village space elements are outcomes of the sociocultural process, and their topological structure is not random but follows their use based on hours of the day. (3) About 94.6% of space use behavior in the case of ancient village residents is associated with five space elements. (4) Updating the external spatial elements of ancient villages under the demands of contemporary life makes the application of spatial elements not only continue the villagers’ natural life process, but also satisfy the demands of the contemporary way of life on the external space. This study proposes the characteristics of the relationship between ancient village spatial behavior and external spatial elements through scientific analysis methods, which can provide references for contemporary rural planning and help to solve the mismatch problem between contemporary rural communities and villagers’ behavior habits.

Post-utilization Evaluation of Public Space in Traditional Villages and Towns from the Perspective of Space Syntax

After the Rural Revitalization Strategy was formally put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2017, the protection and utilization of traditional villages and towns have received significant attention from China’s academic circle and society as an important aspect of the strategy. Although many Chinese traditional villages and towns have been reconstructed successfully, there are still relatively limited academic studies on the assessment of their performance after utilization. It is a challenge that has to be solved urgently for current academic studies on traditional village protection and updating to develop village renovation techniques to provide a suitable living environment and protect traditional regional characteristics. Therefore, a systematic study on traditional village protection in China based on demonstration areas has important academic and practical significance in implementing the rural revitalization strategy and promoting overall urban-rural development. A post-use quantitative evaluation system of traditional villages and towns was established in the present study by introducing the leading space syntax theoretical technology in the field of urban morphological analysis and combining with the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive method, combining existing qualitative and quantitative analysis means. Moreover, reconstruction strategies of traditional villages and towns were proposed according to feedback information from evaluation results. Results showed that (1) according to a case study based on typical traditional villages and towns in Shawan Ancient Town in Guangzhou City, the post-utilization evaluation system of public space in traditional villages and towns demonstrates applicability and generalizability. (2) From 2010 to 2020, the highly integrated network of Shawan Ancient Town formed a ‘cross’ pattern. The accessibility and traffic capacity of the road network improved to a certain extent after the renovation. (3) Public space in Shawan Ancient Town is ranked as ‘good’ concerning cultural construction, while the functional evaluation and economic, social effects are ‘moderate’. Finally, a public space protection and renewal framework of traditional villages and towns was established from the perspectives of an optimized spatial layout of ancient towns, enhancing users’ satisfaction and actively conducting cultural activities. This study is expected to provide scientific references to rebuild rural images and inherit regional context.

Rural revitalization mechanism based on spatial governance in China: A perspective on development rights

The effective allocation of rural development rights is crucial for achieving the ambitious goal of rural revitalization. However, China's current urban-rural spatial development rights system, with its differentiated allocation logic, has suppressed rural development rights, hindering the successful implementation of rural revitalization policies. In response to these challenges, there is a pressing need to innovate the rural spatial governance model. This paper aims to construct a comprehensive framework for analyzing rural development rights, grounded in the spatial governance concept of “matter-organization-ownership”. It explores the implementation path for rural development rights, encompassing spatial development and utilization rights, spatial value dominance rights, and spatial self-development rights. To illuminate the internal mechanisms driving the realization of rural development rights within a rural spatial governance context, this study focuses on empirical research conducted in Houwei village, Nanjing, China. The findings reveal that Houwei village has effectively mobilized diverse stakeholders, encouraging their active participation in the rural spatial governance system, particularly through the promotion of rural tourism. This innovative approach has integrated “top-down” spatial control transmission with a “bottom-up” spatial innovation model, catalyzing rural spatial development and utilization rights. Furthermore, the comprehensive governance of multidimensional space in Houwei village has clarified property rights over space, fostering the appreciation, realization, and circulation of rural space values, thus enhancing rural spatial value dominance rights. Additionally, the strengthened spatial relationship system has empowered local farmers to engage in self-organized learning, innovation, and development. By advocating for a comprehensive approach to rural spatial governance, this paper outlines an implementation path towards realizing rural development rights. It aims to provide valuable insights for refining rural revitalization strategies and practices, contributing to the overarching goal of sustainable rural development.

Research on constructing a safety assessment model for the “Environment-Psychology” space in urban villages based on CPTED theory

ABSTRACT This study aimed to develop an “environment-psychological” safety assessment model for urban villages. The objective was to create a comprehensive safety evaluation and identify key influencing factors. To start, establish a spatial environmental safety assessment system for urban villages, drawing on the six principles of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory. Use Analytic Hierarchy Process and Bayesian network analysis for determining weights and scores. The research findings reveal that: 1) The safety of the spatial environment in urban villages is directly induced by factors such as “natural surveillance” and “image maintenance” while being indirectly impacted by factors like “territoriality” and “access control.” Notably, the effects of activity support and target hardening on spatial environmental safety are found to be insubstantial. 2) Z urban village in Xuzhou city has a level IV spatial environmental safety rating. Factors include line-of-sight transparency, environmental hygiene, and road layout. The proposed optimization measures include improving space layout, enhancing surveillance levels, and maintaining a favorable environment for crime prevention. This study aids decision-makers in establishing priority sequences for spatial planning during urban village renewal. The “Environment-Psychology” model enhances the explanatory power of environmental factors on psychological elements and can aid in spatial optimization strategies.

Models of residential space for ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province associated with sustainable livelihoods

Thanh Hoa Province has 11 mountainous districts with seven ethnic minority groups, and the three largest ethnic groups are the Muong, Thai, and H'Mong. This region has great potential for developing a forest-based economy, ecotourism, community-based tourism, and cultural heritage tourism that is associated with cultural festivals, customs, lifestyles, and traditional housing architecture. However, developing a family-based economy, such as engaging in community-based tourism or agricultural production, has negatively affected and disrupted the structure of village spaces, spatial planning, and traditional house design. The arbitrary construction of additional service spaces and spaces for resident guests within the village space and the precinct of a house has reduced the area of the garden and agricultural land. The self-initiated modification, expansion, and use of non-traditional materials in traditional housing structures by residents to serve tourists have resulted in the loss of the architectural value of traditional homes. The exploitation of agricultural land has affected the natural forest area, the forest protection area at the headwaters, and the vegetation cover and natural ecosystems. Moreover, agricultural economic activities have not been linked to service activities, handicraft production, or tourism, and there are no adaptive residential space models, thus failing to create sustainable livelihood activities. Therefore, the article proposes settlement space models and orientations for residential space development including village spaces, house precincts, and traditional housing spaces of ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province, associated with sustainable livelihoods based on the exploitation of traditional housing architectural heritage values to ensure local economic development. These models are closely linked with the conservation and promotion of ethnic cultural values, landscape preservation, environmental protection, and contribution to poverty reduction for residents.

Research on the Vitality of Public Spaces in Tourist Villages through Social Network Analysis: A Case Study of Mochou Village in Hubei, China

The construction of tourist villages is an important implementation path for promoting the new urbanization strategy in China. The optimization of their spatial pattern and functional adjustment is a key way to achieve high-quality urban development. The purpose of this study is to determine the influencing factors of public space vitality in tourist villages from the perspective of human behavior activities and to provide design support strategies for enhancing the vitality of public spaces in tourist villages. Using Mochou Village as an example, physical and behavioral network models were used to conduct a quantitative study of the vitality characteristics, and Quantitative Analysis of Precedence (QAP) regression was used to investigate the influence factors. The results demonstrate that spatial characteristics, such as “small block size, high street density”, and grid-like street structure and squares, as well as factors such as store concentration, sight lines, street length, spatial openness, and street width, significantly impact the vitality of public spaces in tourist villages. The analysis of the characteristics of the vitality of public space networks in tourist villages and the discussion of the influencing factors of public space vitality in this study can provide guidance for evaluating the vitality of public spaces and designing public spaces with high vitality in tourist villages.

A study on the reconstruction of social space in tourism villages -- A case study of Xiaoxigou Cultural Tourism Town in Yuci

The strategy of rural revitalization is the key to solve the problem of "three farmers" and realize the key of agricultural modernization. Rural reconstruction is the recombination of rural social elements and the change of population, the important guarantee of rural space reconstruction and economic reconstruction, and the ultimate goal of rural reconstruction. Through the development of tourism, rural areas can achieve multiple employment, industrial income increase, life improvement and other benefits, and the construction of tourist villages has increasingly become one of the core strategies to achieve rural revitalization. In recent years, rural spatial reconstruction has attracted extensive attention and research from all walks of life. At home and abroad, traditional settlements are mainly studied, and the reconstruction of rural social space in new countryside is rarely studied. Xiaoxigou, located in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, was originally an abandoned stone factory with a fragile ecological environment. Now Xiaoxigou Village, through the effective construction of the government and social capital, has become a well-known cultural tourism demonstration village. To study the process of its gradual transformation from an economically backward traditional village to a leading village in rural tourism today is to study the process of its social space reconstruction, so as to explain the characteristics and mechanism of rural social space reconstruction, with a view to providing theoretical guidance for rural tourism to play an important role in rural revitalization. This paper takes Xiaoxigou as a case to study the impact of tourism activities on its social space reconstruction, so as to separate out the characteristics of rural social space reconstruction, so as to provide a sample for the social space reconstruction of tourist villages and give play to its practical significance.