The phenomenon of “Soviet” is multifaceted and unique in history. Having a huge content and correlated with the categories “society”, “state”, “power”, “man”, “culture”, it requires not only consideration in its constituent parts, but also in its entirety. Therefore, it is viewed as a concept created on the basis of the Bolsheviks (Leninist) interpretation of Marxism opposed to the Mensheviks (Plekhanovs) interpretation, which was adapted to the conditions of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. Its main point was an attempt to create a path of the country development excluding its capitalist stage and accelerating the transition from feudalism and early capitalism to communism. In the revolutionary practice of the Bolsheviks this was expressed as the development and the implementation of the policy of “war communism”. However, the phenomenon of the Soviet would not have been possible without a specific state and quality of Russian society and person shaped by history, in particular without the habit of obedience formed as a natural defensive reaction against the autocratic power that dominated the country for five centuries, possessing the tools for this domination. At the same time the Soviet also had a positive content originating in Marxism and finding the possibility of its realization in the “new” person, formed by the Bolsheviks on the ruins of the destroyed old society in one way or another involved in private property. Deprived of historical memory, indued with the constructed Soviet consciousness, the “new” man was the main force who received the benefits of the new system, who overcame fascism and retained faith in the Soviet way of being until it was completely lost, and who was disappointed in hopes that never came true.