Features of the Daily Life Workers of the Vinnytsia Instrumental Plant in the Lite of Periodicals the End of 1940s – Beginning of 1980s

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the main aspects and features of the daily life of employees of the Vinnitsa Tool Plant, to reveal the established priorities, values and beliefs that exist in the "Soviet way of life" based on the analysis of Soviet periodicals. The methodology of research is basis of the research is formed by the general scientific principles of consistency, historicism and scientific objectivity. A phenomenological approach was used, which allowed us to talk about material goods in connection with the perception, experiences and behavioral strategies of a person. The study is based on the use of special-historical methods, such as problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-systemic, historical-psychological and descriptive. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the authors for the first time analyzed the specifics of the everyday life of Soviet people of the indicated period on the example of a specific enterprise using the periodical press as a source. Conclusions. The Soviet press as a whole provides enough information to study the everyday life of Soviet people at the end of 1940s and early 1980s. It contains a lot of materials about undoubted positive changes in the everyday life of ordinary Soviet citizens. On the example of publications about the Vinnitsa Tool Factory in the regional and central press, one can trace such basic trends as the gradual solution of the housing problem, the provision of workers with food, the improvement of working and rest conditions, the organization and conduct of their leisure. However, the level of completeness and objectivity of the information available on the pages of Soviet periodicals does not always correspond to the real picture of life in the USSR. The press, which took an active part in the formation of public opinion and served for the authorities as one of the methods of manipulating public consciousness, used methods of suppressing and distorting truthful data, especially in those cases when they ran counter to the slogans about the dominance of socialist ideals in everyday life, welfare and bright future. The activities of the Soviet media were carried out in accordance with the program guidelines of the ruling party. From the pages of the newspapers, the upbringing of a "Soviet man" was promoted, for whom the social must necessarily dominate over the personal, who is confident in the advantages of the socialist way of life, who has a sense of pride in his native plant and his Motherland. Temporary difficulties in the social sphere or negative phenomena were explained first by the grave consequences of the war, and later by the remnants of capitalism. The guardianship of the authorities and the security of all citizens were declared, and the guarantee of work, a certain minimum of education, health care, and the necessary benefits of life gave a ghostly confidence in the future. The mass media, in essence, carried out a gross interference in a person's personal space, the imposition of the reality that was carefully formed by ideological propaganda, the construction of moral convictions inherent in the "builders of communism".