Southern Henan Research Articles

Investigation and Analysis of Vocational Training and Professional Identity of Biology Teachers in Southern Henan

In order to effectively investigate the current professional status of biology special post teachers in the southern of Henan Province (Southern Henan), this study used the method of interviews and questionnaires to investigate and analyze the current situation of biology special post teachers in Southern Henan from the aspects of vocational training and professional identity. The results showed that: (1) Satisfaction with vocational training is still acceptable, all of them can participate in certain training, but the training policy and system need to be improved, the level of training is limited, the training opportunities are not balanced, and the training time and content need to be optimized. (2) Career identity is generally satisfactory, proud, respected and enthusiastic in teaching. It can promote the growth and development of students, but the suggestions of special post teachers have not been adopted in time. In view of the above findings, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for the professional development of biology special post teachers in Southern Henan, in order to provide theoretical basis for the follow-up study on the professional aspects of biology special post teachers, and also provide important information for the professional development of rural special post teachers.

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks as reservoir and vector of ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ in China

‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos’ is an emerging pathogen in the genus Mycoplasma. The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick has been suspected to be the vector of ‘C. M. haemobos’. To determine the role of R. (B.) microplus in transmission of ‘C. M. haemobos’, we tested the competence of R. (B.) microplus larvae to acquire ‘C. M. haemobos’ from positive female ticks and to serve as a ‘C. M. haemobos’ vector in mice. Using PCR and sequencing, we also analyzed the epidemic strains of ‘C. M. haemobos’ among R. (B.) microplus ticks collected from goats and sheep in southern Henan Province, central China. Our results identified three epidemic strains of ‘C. M. haemobos’, and the positive female ticks naturally infected could pass ‘C. M. haemobos’ at egg and larval stages. Furthermore, ‘C. M. haemobos’ infected larvae could transmit the pathogens to mice during feeding, and the negative larvae could acquire ‘C. M. haemobos’ from infected mice. Our study shows that R. (B.) microplus ticks could serve as a vector and reservoir of ‘C. M. haemobos’.

Isolation and Molecular Marker Detection of Badh2 Gene from Aromatic Rice Germplasm Resources in Southern Henan

The production of aroma in aromatic rice is due to the increase of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) precursor substances caused by the functional deletion of Badh2 gene on chromosome 8, and the accumulation of 2AP makes rice produce aroma. In this study, Badh2 gene was isolated and cloned from 18 representative aromatic rice cultivars in Southern Henan, and the bioinformatics analysis of Badh2 gene was carried out. Meanwhile, seven functional molecular markers developed by Badh2 gene were used to detect and analyze Badh2 gene in 18 aromatic rice varieties from Southern Henan. The results showed that the coding region of Badh2 gene was 1509 bp in length. It contained 15 exons and 14 introns, and encoded 503 amino acids. There are many types of variation of the Badh2 gene in the 18 aromatic rice varieties. According to the variation of Badh2 gene, the tested aromatic rice varieties could be divided into three groups, among which Xinxianggeng 1, Xiangnuo 25, Heixiangdao 193 and Xiangbao 2 were concentrated in group Ⅰ, while the other 14 kinds of aromatic rice were concentrated in group II. Seven functional molecular markers of Badh2 gene were used to detect different varieties mutation types in exon 2, exon 4~5, exon 7 and exon 13 of Badh2 gene. No aromatic rice varieties with different mutation types were found in promoter region, exon 12 and exon 14 of Badh2 gene. Therefore, our results provide important information for understanding the genetic basis of fragrant genes in aromatic rice germplasm resources in Southern Henan and breeding new varieties of high-quality aromatic rice using molecular marker-assisted selection.

Detection and analysis of rice quality characters in Southern Henan glutinous rice germplasm resources

Southern Henan is rich in germplasm resources of glutinous rice, which is an important genetic resource bank for breeding new varieties of glutinous rice. The detection and analysis of rice quality characters in Southern Henan glutinous rice germplasm resources can provide scientific basis for the breeding and application of new high-quality glutinous rice varieties. In this study, 13 representative glutinous rice varieties in the south of Henan Province were selected as the experimental materials, and their main quality indexes, such as appearance quality, milling quality, cooking and eating quality, and nutritional quality, were detected and classified by using near-infrared grain analyzer combined with biochemical and physical-chemical analysis techniques and methods Analysis. The results showed that the chalkiness rate of 13 typical glutinous rice germplasm resources was not up to the national standard of high quality rice, except for the three glutinous rice varieties of Heixiangnuo 334, Xingengnuo 631 and Jugengnuo-GB-5; In terms of gelatinization temperature, the gelatinization temperature of Jugengnuo-GB-5 was the lowest, which belongs to the national first-class high-quality rice. Except that the alkali dissipation value of three glutinous rice varieties is less than 3 (high gelatinization temperature), other glutinous rice varieties are all of medium low gelatinization temperature; In terms of taste value, among the 13 glutinous rice varieties tested, Yanggengnuo 1 had the highest (92.23%) and Jugengnuo-GB-5 had the lowest (34.86%); Among the 13 glutinous rice varieties tested, except Yanggengnuo 1, the protein content was 9.09%, other glutinous rice varieties were less than 9.00%, and the variation range was between 6.32% to 9.09%; The content of free fatty acids was different among the varieties. The highest content was Heixiangnuo 1926, its free fatty acid content was 31.66%, the lowest content was Heixiangnuo 193, which was 17.30%; As for the milling quality, except the brown rice rate of Heixiangnuo 334 and the whole milled rice rate of Heixiangnuo 193, the processing quality of other glutinous rice varieties all reached the national standard of high quality rice. Among them, Yanggengnuo 1 has higher milled rice rate, whole milled rice rate and taste value, and the overall performance is better. There are abundant variations in appearance quality, milling quality, cooking and eating quality, nutritional quality and other main quality indexes of Southern Henan glutinous rice germplasm resources, which provide important information for the cultivation of new high-quality glutinous rice varieties in the later stage.

Physiochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and tocopherol composition of the oil from <em>Camellia oleifera</em> Abel cultivated in Henan, China

As a unique woody oil tree, Camellia oleifera Abel originates from southern China and is now being cultivated in central China, such as the southern Henan province. The aim of this work is to determine some physiochemical parameters, fatty acid profile and tocopherol composition of the Camellia oleifera seed oils harvested in southern Henan in the 2016 season. The lipid contents of the kernel are in the range of 28.39- 56.94% on dry matter. The acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), and refractive index of the oils are in the ranges: 0.22-5.17 mg KOH/g, 178.90-196.91 mg KOH/g, 82.0-87.1 g I2/100g, and 1.4667-1.4720 (nD25) , respectively. The main fatty acids are: palmitic 7.07-9.52%, palmitoleic 0.09-0.22%, stearic 1.45-2.94%, oleic 77.02-84.33%, linoleic 5.19-11.23%, linolenic 0.53-0.70% and arachidic 0.22-0.70%. The sn-2 fatty acid composition is: 84.36-91.33% oleic, 7.14-14.22% linoleic, and 0.89-1.96% others. The tocopherol content is in the range of 39.55-75.94 mg/100g oil, including mainly α-tocopherol (33.98-67.82 mg/100g) and γ-tocopherol (5.57- 8.27 mg/100g) when the oils are extracted with hexane; and 14.91-44.36 mg/100g, including mainly α-tocopherol (9.42-37.08 mg/100g) and γ-tocopherol (5.50-7.33 mg/100g) when the oils are extracted by ethyl ether. The physiochemical properties C. oleifera seed oils from southern Henan are similar to those from other districts of China.

Carbon sequestration characteristics and regional differences of typical warm and tropical grasslands in Henan Province, China.

In this study, we examined the vegetation and soil carbon density characteristics and carbon distribution differences of four typical grasslands in two climatic zones, including warm-tempe-rate tussock (WT), warm-temperate shrub tussock (WS), tropical tussock (TT), and tropical shrub tussock (TS) in Henan Province. The results showed that the average aboveground biomass of grasslands was significantly higher in Northwest Henan (327.4 g·m-2) than that in South Henan (221.4 g·m-2), whereas the average root biomass in Northwest Henan (1.58X103 g·m-2) was significantly lower than that in South Henan (1.94X103 g·m-2). The average aboveground carbon density of grasslands in Northwest and South Henan was 113.75 and 77.35 g C·m-2, respectively. The aboveground carbon density of WT in Northwest Henan was higher than that of WS, though not statistically significant. The living biomass carbon density of TT was significantly lower than that of other grasslands in Southwest Henan. The average underground carbon density of grasslands in Northwest and South Henan were 6.35X103 and 5.14X103 g C·m-2, respectively. In Northwest Henan, there was no difference between WT and WS for both the root and soil carbon density. In South Henan, the root carbon density of TS was significantly lower than other grasslands, while the soil carbon density of TT was significantly higher than other grasslands. The average carbon density of grassland ecosystem in Northwest and South Henan was 6.46X103 and 5.22X103 g C·m-2, respectively. Soil was the main contributor of ecosystem carbon storage and accounted for about 78%-90% of total grassland ecosystem carbon density. In addition, there were no significant differences in the ecosystem carbon density between WT and WS in Northwest Henan, while TT possessed significantly higher ecosystem carbon density (9.70X103 g C·m-2) compared with other grasslands in Southern Henan. Our results provide basic data for accurately calculating ecosystem carbon storage and assessing carbon sequestration potential of different grasslands in Henan Province.

关于精准扶贫政策问题的探讨—基于河南省贫困县的典型调查

为了响应党的十九大报告提出的“要动员全党全国全社会力量，坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫”的号召，论文以河南省南部2个贫困行政村的典型调查为基础，分析精准扶贫的内涵，剖析扶贫实践中出现的问题与困境，并针对精准扶贫的困境提出相应的建议与对策。 In response to the nineteen Party Congress “to mobilize the whole Party and the whole society, adhere to the precise poverty alleviation, precise poverty” appeal, this typical survey paper, based on the research of 2 Poverty Villages in Southern Henan province, analyzes the connotation of precise poverty alleviation and the problems and difficulties in the practice of poverty alleviation, and puts forward some suggestions and the corresponding countermeasures for the precise poverty dilemma.

Yield reduction risk based on WOFOST model and water stress for winter wheat in Henan Province, China

The main wheat production area in Henan Province was classified into five regions based on observed wheat production data, historical meteorological data and soil data from thirty sites du-ring 1981 to 2014. The changes in the risk of yield loss of winter wheat under water stress condition in each region were calculated with WOFOST model. From 1981 to 2014, the yield reduction rate of winter wheat showed an increasing trend at all the sites with the increase rate of 2.8%-5.0% per 10 years. The yield reduction rate decreased from north to south in Henan Province. The event of yield reduction rate over 20% occurred about once every 10 years in southern Henan Province, and once every 2 years at Xinxiang, Fengqiu and Puyang in northern Henan Province. The event of yield reduction rate over 50% occurred about once every 3 years at Xinxiang and Zhengzhou but was rare in southern Henan Province. The highest hazard areas were mainly distributed in north and middle parts of Henan Province, the lowest hazard areas were distributed at Lushi in western Henan Pro-vince, Nanyang in southwestern Henan Province, Xinyang in southern Henan Province and south part of Zhumadian, the medium hazard areas were distributed in the other regions of Henan Province.

A promoter polymorphism (rs17222919, -1316T/G) of ALOX5AP gene is associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke in two independent Chinese populations.

No coding sequence variants of the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (ALOX5AP) leading to amino acid substitutions have been identified. Therefore, variants in the ALOX5AP promoter region have received attention recently. The purpose of this study was to explore whether the promoter polymorphism rs17222919 is involved in the etiology of ischemic stroke (IS) in the Chinese Han population. We investigated the rs17222919 polymorphism by TaqMan genotyping in two independent Chinese Han samples: the first comprised 910 IS patients and 925 healthy inhabitants from the northern Henan Province, while the second included 1003 IS patients and 889 healthy controls from the southern Henan Province. Functional characterization of rs17222919 was performed by an in vitro luciferase assay. After adjusting for conventional risk factors, the G allele frequencies in the IS groups were significantly lower than that in the control groups of the two independent Chinese cohorts (19.0% vs. 22.9%, P = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) = 0.792, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.675–0.929; 18.8% vs. 22.9%, P = 0.002, OR = 0.782, 95% CI = 0.668–0.915, respectively). This was also observed in the large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and stroke of other undetermined etiology (SUE) subtypes (P = 0.019, OR = 0.815, 95% CI = 0.687–0.967; P = 0.021, OR = 0.815, 95% CI = 0.685–0.970, respectively). Additionally, the TG genotype and G allele frequencies were significantly lower in the IS compared with the control group in two female cohorts (P<0.05). Finally, the in vitro luciferase assay demonstrated that the G allele has a significantly lower transcription activity than the T allele (P = 0.031). Our study provides evidence that the promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17222919 is a potential genetic protective factor for IS in the Chinese Han population.

The Enclosure Structure Energy Saving Technology Research of Rural House in Southern Henan Province

Withthe acceleration of the new rural construction, meanwhile, the problem ofbuilding energy consumption is increasingly protruding. As the most importantpart of rural residential construction of retaining structures and its thermalwill play a decisive role on heat preservation andheat insulation of the residence. Therefore, it is imperative to study ruralresidential technology retaining structure in southern Henan province, which toimprove energy consumption structure in rural areas and to improve the ruralresidential energy-saving.

华北平原参考作物蒸散量时空变化及其影响因素分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 华北平原参考作物蒸散量时空变化及其影响因素分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312022869 作者: 作者单位: 陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,北京师范大学全球变化与地球科学研究院地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,北京师范大学资源学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41171090） Spatial and temporal variations of reference crop evapotranspiration and its influencing factors in the North China Plain Author: Affiliation: College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University,College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Proccesses, and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth Systerm Science, Beijing Normal University,College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University,College of Resource Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:根据华北平原56个气象站1960-2012年逐日气象数据和Penman-Monteith模型计算了各站及区域整体参考作物蒸散量（ET0），利用样条插值法、气候倾向率、累积距平、敏感性系数等方法对华北平原ET0的时空变化及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1）华北平原多年平均ET0为1071.37mm，空间上呈现高低值相间分布格局，高值中心分布在冀北、鲁中、豫西，而低值中心分布在冀东、鲁南、豫东及豫南等地；（2）近53年 ET0呈减少趋势（-12.8mm/10a），山东半岛北部及冀北等地有缓慢增加趋势，其余地区以减少为主；（3）ET0对气温、平均风速、日照时数为正敏感，而对相对湿度为负敏感。平均气温与日照时数敏感系数呈现下降趋势，相对湿度与风速敏感系数表现出上升趋势。ET0对气温和风速敏感度高的区域同时对日照时数和相对湿度敏感度较低；（4）归因分析表明，华北平原ET0的主导因子是日照时数，平均风速次之，相对湿度、最高温度、最低温度对ET0变化影响较小，日照时数主导区域包括冀北、坝上地区、冀中、豫西、豫南、鲁中及鲁西北，平均风速的主导区域为冀南、河南黄河以北、豫中、鲁西北，温度主导区域零星分布于冀北、豫西、山东半岛等地，相对湿度的主导区域主要分布在鲁南、山东半岛。 Abstract:Potential evapotranspiration is the theoretical upper limit value of actual evapotranspiration, which constitutes the important parameters for the research of regional thermal balance, water budget, water resources assessment and crop water requirements. Study on regional response of potential evapotranspiration to global climatic changes in China has significance in global hydrological cycling, energy balance and eco-environmental evolution research. Reference crop evapotranspiration(ET0) as a common parameter is largely an evolution of definition of potential evapotranspiration and with the method of Penman-Monteith Model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization for computing crop water requirements in 1998, reference crop evapotranspiration could be estimated quickly and accurately. Based on the daily observation data of the 56 meteorological stations in the North China Plain from 1960 to 2012, reference crop evapotranspiration were calculated, then the spatial-temporal variation patterns of reference crop evapotranspiration over North China Plain was analyzed with the methods of linear regression, spline interpolation and accumulative anomaly method. In the meantime, the dominant factors of the ET0's variations in North China Plain were quantitatively analyzed by calculating sensitivity coefficients of reference crop evapotranspiration to climate elements and the relative change of the climate elements. The result showed that: (1) Annual reference crop evapotranspiration of north China plain was 1071.37mm and the spatial distribution pattern was high center alternating with low center. The high value reference crop evapotranspiration areas mainly distributed in the northern Hebei, central part of Shandong mountainous region and western regions of Henan, while the low value centers distributed in the eastern regions of Hebei, southern Shandong, eastern and southern regions of Henan province. (2)The reference crop evapotranspiration has decreased obviously in North China Plain during the last 53 years by the rate of 12.8mm/10a, and its decadal variation showed that the decade anomaly consistently decreased. From the perspective of the regional distribution of ET0 change, the ET0 of the northern Shandong Peninsular and the northern regions of Hebei province showed a slowly increasing trend, while the ET0 of the rest areas decreased. (3) The sensitivity coefficients of reference crop evapotranspiration to the daily temperature (SAT), sunshine hours (SSH), wind speed (SWS) were positive values, while the sensitivities coefficients of reference crop evapotranspiration increased slowly, while SRH and SWS decreased. There was a corresponding relationship for the sensitivity coefficients of reference crop evapotranspiration, which meand areas of high sensitivity to temperature and wind speed had relative low sensitivity to sunshine hour and the relative humidity. (4)The dominant factors of ET0 in North China Plain were as follows:sunshine hours and wind speed were the dominant factors caused change of ET0 in North China Plain, while relative humidity, daily maximum temperature and minimum temperature contributed less to the change of ET0. Sunshine hours was the determining factor in the change of ET0 in many regions of the northern and the central regions of Hebei province, Bashang District of Hebei Province, the southern and western region of Henan province and the central regions of Shandong province.The regions affected by wind speed expanded across the Southern region of Hebei province, southern Henan Province and the north of the Yellow River in Henan Province, the central regions of Henan province, northwestern regions of Shandong province.The meteorological stations affected by temperature scattered in the west of northern Henan Province, western region of Henan province and Shandong peninsula, while relative humidity only had significant influence on the ET0 of the southern regions of Shandong province and Shandong peninsula. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Heterosexual transmission of HIV and related risk factors among serodiscordant couples in Henan province, China

Background HIV transmission between discordant couples has become an important source of new infections in China. To describe the seroconversion rate among serodiscordant couples and to identify salient behavioral and clinical risk factors including ART that affect heterosexual HIV transmission risk among couples in rural China. Methods Longitudinal follow-up of an open cohort of HIV serodiscordant couples took place between 2007 and 2011 in Zhumadian, a city in southern Henan province in China, where blood plasma selling in 1990s led to a regional HIV epidemic. Annual follow-up included separate face-to-face interviews of husbands and wives, and HIV antibody testing for non-index partners. Cox proportional-hazard modeling was used to assess the relationship between HIV seroconversion and covariates of interest. Results By the end of 2011, 4499 HIV serodiscordant couples had been enrolled in at least two follow-up interviews; 100 non-index partners seroconverted during the entire observation period for an incidence rate of 0.82 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.66-0.99). The incidence rates by the end of 2008, 2009, and 2010 were 2.14, 1.51, and 0.90 per 100 person-years respectively. Always using condoms in the past year of sex, gender of the index partner, frequency of sex, and ART exposure were all significant predictors of HIV seroconversion in the negative spouse. ART was highly protective against seroconversion whether the index partner was actively receiving treatment at the last follow-up (RR=0.05, 95% CI, 0.01-0.16) or if the index partner had ever received ART (RR=0.01, 95% CI, 0.00, 0.12). The risk of seroconversion in the non-index spouse also decreased the longer the duration of the index partner's exposure to ART. Conclusions ART exposure and always using condom were highly protective against HIV seroconversion in the negative spouse. HIV incidence in serodiscordant couples has been decreasing over time, associated with ART treatment time within 7 years in the index partner. Gender of the index spouse and frequency of sex were also important predictors. Treatment as part of a combination prevention package may be a feasible method of HIV control in this population.

Dynamics of decadal changes in the distribution of double-cropping rice cultivation in China

Quantitative description of changes in the distribution of paddy rice cultivation in response to recent climate change provides a reference for rice cultivation patterns and formulation of countermeasures to cope with future climate change in China. This study analyzes the dynamics of decadal changes in distribution of double-cropping rice in China during 1961–2010 in relation to climate change based on the maximum entropy method. Decadal changes in the double-cropping rice cultivation area and climatic suitability in China were apparent. The total area of climatically suitable regions was highest in the 1960s, and subsequently showed an increasing trend at first and then a decreasing trend from the 1970s to 2000s. However, the low climatic suitability area decreased, which implied that the moderate and high climatic suitability areas increased. Among the latter, the high climatic suitability area showed the highest increase in extent to 4.4 times that of the 1990s and four times that of the 1960s. The areas of double-cropping rice cultivation most sensitive to climate change are mainly located in central Jiangsu, central Anhui, the eastern Sichuan Basin, southern Henan and central Guizhou. Transformation of areas between low and moderate climatic suitability was observed in northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui and Hubei, and northern Guangxi. Transformation of areas between moderate and high climatic suitability was observed in central Jiangxi and Leizhou Peninsula. The northern boundary of double-cropping rice cultivation in China shifted southwards and contracted eastwards in the 1970s, and extended northwards in the 1980s. However, the northern boundary did not shift northwards in response to climate warming in the 2000s.

Taxonomic status and distributional range of Aconitum angustius (Ranunculaceae) based on cytological evidence

Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai var. angustius W. T. Wang (Ranunculaceae) has been recorded to occur only in the Anhui, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, China. However, it is here revealed to be a much more widespread tetraploid (2n = 32) entity almost allopatric with the diploid (2n = 16) A. sinomontanum s.s. The former entity has a southern distribution in China, occurring in Anhui, Chongqing, northern Guangxi, Guizhou, southern Henan, northwestern Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi, while the latter has a relatively northern distribution, occurring in northeastern Chongqing, southern Gansu, Hebei, western Henan, western Hubei, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Sichuan. There is only minor overlap of the geographical distributions of the diploid and tetraploid populations, with both entities documented as co‐occurring in northeastern Chongqing and northwestern Hubei. The two entities also are very different from each other in karyotypic constitution. As A. sinomontanum var. angustius is fairly well differentiated from A. sinomontanun in external morphology, ploidy level, karyotypic constitution and geographical distribution, it seems justified to recognize A. sinomontanum var. angustius, an entity possibly of allopolyploid origin, as the independent species A. angustius (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang.

“Attacking Queshan”: Popular Culture and the Creation of a Revolutionary Folklore in Southern Henan

This article examines rural mobilization and propaganda by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Henan via the case of an uprising during the Northern Expedition, as well as official and popular representation of that event before and after 1949. It confirms recent scholarship regarding the role of local interpersonal networks in early rural mobilization, which in this context required infiltration of local, religio-magical popular militias called Red Spear societies. It then examines popular and party-constructed representations of the revolt, illustrating both the function of early CCP propaganda within rural popular culture and its implications for official historiography, which practiced specific forms of erasure in representing popular collective memory. It uses party documents, memoirs, and local histories to show that the historical significance of the Queshan uprising resides less in the failed revolt itself than in the ways its legacy was appropriated by cadres and historians during the twentieth century.

Predicting potential distribution of chestnut phylloxerid (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) based on GARP and Maxent ecological niche models

AbstractThe chestnut phylloxerid, Moritziella castaneivora, has been recently recorded as a forest pest in China. It heavily damaged chestnut trees and has caused serious economic losses in some main chestnut production areas. In order to effectively monitor and manage this pest, it is necessary to investigate its potential geographical distribution worldwide. In this study, we used two ecological niche models, Genetic Algorithm for Rule‐set Production (GARP) and Maximum Entropy (Maxent), along with the geographical distribution of the host plants, Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) and Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), to predict the potential geographical distribution of M. castaneivora. The results suggested that the suitable distribution areas based on GARP were general consistent with those based on Maxent, but GARP predicted distribution areas that extended more in size than did Maxent. The results also indicated that the suitable areas for chestnut phylloxerid infestations were mainly restricted to Northeast China (northern Liaoning), East China (southern Shandong, northern Jiangsu and western Anhui), North China (southern Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin), Central China (eastern Hubei and southern Henan), Japan (Kinki, Shikoku and Tohoku) and most parts of the Korean Peninsula. In addition, some provinces of central and western China were predicted to have low suitability or unsuitable areas (e.g. Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet). A jackknife test in Maxent showed that the average precipitation in July was the most important environmental variable affecting the distribution of this pest species. Consequently, the study suggests several reasonable regulations and management strategies for avoiding the introduction or invasion of this high‐risk chestnut pest to these potentially suitable areas.

A readapted Malone schistosome transmission index model

Schistosome transmission index can be directly used to give an overall evaluation and prediction of schistosomiasis transmission through a mathematical model. In the light of the mechanism of schistosomiasis transmission process, an improved Malone schistosome transmission index model was established based on the previous study of survivor rate of the snail under extreme temperatures by Hong Qingbiao. Meteorological data from FAO and Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research, CAS was used to calculate the schistosome transmission index by the new model in the schistosomiasis epidemic region of China, and the result was re-classified into transmission index classes. The new model changed the class of “epidemic area” into that of “non-epidemic area” in the regions of the southern Henan province, the northern Anhui province and the middle Jiangsu province by transmission index threshold of 900. The geographic boundary between the epidemic and the non-epidemic regions was found fitly to coincide with the −2 °C isotherm of January in China, whereas the underpinning cause needs to be further explored in the future. Finally discussed was the calculation result of this meteorological model having some difference from actual epidemiology as more factors of relevance could be considered to be incorporated into the model, also discussed were a few questions concerning the model itself and the possible future improvement directions.

Metamorphic evolution of eclogite facies rocks in Northern Hubei and Southern Henan, China

Eclogite fades rocks in this area are diverse in rock type. The field occurrence and rock-chemistry reflect theirin-situ origin. Based on their regional geology and field occurrence, two groups of eclogites are divided in terms of their peak temperature of metamorphism. Medium-temperature eclogites (MT), as Group B, occur in the Dabie Group. They were formed from epidote-amphibolite facies. The metamorphism of eclogite facies has two stages: the coesite eclogite facies stage (the peak condition:T = 600 -700°C,P = 2.7-3.0 GPa) and the glaucophane eclogite facies stage (the pressure decreases, may be lower than 2.5 GPa while the temperature has little change). Low temperature eclogites (LT), as Group C, occur in the Qijiaoshan Formation. They were formed from blue schist facies (the peak condition:T = 490–560°C,P< 1.5 GPa). The appearance of hydrous minerals in the eclogites indicates the important role of water in metamorphism. Medium-temperature eclogites are different from low-temperature ones in metamorphism. At last, the evolution of the high-pressure metamorphic belt is discussed as well.

Eclogites from the middle and north of Dabie Mountains in southern Henan and northern Hubei, China

A high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrain is developed in the Dabie Mountains of southern Henan and northern Hubei provinces. The HP and UHP terrain contains 6 subunits, of which 4 contain edogite. The edogites from the four subunits are different in metamorphic condition and history.

The Xu-Huai-Yu Subprovince of the Cathaysian Floral Province

In the Early Permian Huaibei Flora two fossil plant assemblages are recognized: a Callipteridium koraiense-Cathaysiopteris whitei-Cordaites schenkii assemblage and a Caulopteris spp.- Lobatannularia ensifolia-Gigantonoclea spp. assemblage. These assemblages are part of a small floral subprovince, the Xu-Huai-Yu region, that can be recognized and separated from the North Subprovince of the Cathaysian Floral Province on the basis of tectonic, climatic, and floristic features. The Xu-Huai-Yu region was an isolated depression surrounded by mountains and fault belts. It is a triangular area situated in northern Jiangsu, Anhui, and southern Henan Provinces of China. Because of its isolation and the climatic conditions in this region, a specific flora developed during the Permian evolving its own unique elements.