Abstract
As a unique woody oil tree, Camellia oleifera Abel originates from southern China and is now being cultivated in central China, such as the southern Henan province. The aim of this work is to determine some physiochemical parameters, fatty acid profile and tocopherol composition of the Camellia oleifera seed oils harvested in southern Henan in the 2016 season. The lipid contents of the kernel are in the range of 28.39- 56.94% on dry matter. The acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), and refractive index of the oils are in the ranges: 0.22-5.17 mg KOH/g, 178.90-196.91 mg KOH/g, 82.0-87.1 g I2/100g, and 1.4667-1.4720 (nD25) , respectively. The main fatty acids are: palmitic 7.07-9.52%, palmitoleic 0.09-0.22%, stearic 1.45-2.94%, oleic 77.02-84.33%, linoleic 5.19-11.23%, linolenic 0.53-0.70% and arachidic 0.22-0.70%. The sn-2 fatty acid composition is: 84.36-91.33% oleic, 7.14-14.22% linoleic, and 0.89-1.96% others. The tocopherol content is in the range of 39.55-75.94 mg/100g oil, including mainly α-tocopherol (33.98-67.82 mg/100g) and γ-tocopherol (5.57- 8.27 mg/100g) when the oils are extracted with hexane; and 14.91-44.36 mg/100g, including mainly α-tocopherol (9.42-37.08 mg/100g) and γ-tocopherol (5.50-7.33 mg/100g) when the oils are extracted by ethyl ether. The physiochemical properties C. oleifera seed oils from southern Henan are similar to those from other districts of China.
Highlights
The seeds of the camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel, Theaceae) have been utilized in China for more than 1000 years (Shanan and Ying, 1982)
The results showed that α- and γ-tocopherol existed in the C. oleifera seed, oil and shell, and a very small amount of the β-carotene existed in the crude oil, seed and shell of C. oleifera
The important physicochemical properties of the crude C. oleifera oils concerning acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), and refractive index were characterized according to the IUPAC Methods 2.201, 2.202, 2.205, and 2.102, respectively (Paquot and Hauntfenne, 1987)
Summary
The seeds of the camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel, Theaceae) have been utilized in China for more than 1000 years (Shanan and Ying, 1982). Camellia oleifera oil is a popular cooking oil in south China, with a unique flavor and health benefits, especially in the Huan and Jiangxi provinces, where more than 50% of the vegetable cooking oil is from C. oleifera seeds (Tang et al, 1993). The C. oleifera is cultivated mainly in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, followed by Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan in China (He and He, 2002). C. oleifera Abel has been cultivated widely in southern Henan of China (Yao et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2008)
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