Southern Forest-steppe Zone Research Articles

ОРОШЕНИЕ – ВАЖНЫЙ ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ В БАШКОРТОСТАНЕ

When cultivating sugar beet in the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan, there is a shortage of soil moisture for 23-64 days. To optimize the water regime of the soils under sugar beet crops, it is required to carry out 3-4 irrigations with a norm of 200 to 700 m3/ha (the irrigation norm is 1150-1650 m3/ha). The highest yield (72.1 t / ha) and the gross sugar harvest (10.67 t / ha) were achieved when irrigation was combined with fertilizers at a dose of N220P240K220, but the highest payback of the active substance of fertilizers and net income were obtained when applying N165P180K165. Production experiments in the steppe zone of Bashkortostan (Buzdyaksky district) they also showed high efficiency of irrigation of sugar beet, the yield of which was 2.4 times higher compared to non-irrigated36

Productivity of corn hybrids SSKP KKZ "Kuban" in LLC "MTS" Ilishevskaya "Ilishevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern forest-steppe zone)

Productivity of corn hybrids SSKP KKZ "Kuban" in LLC "MTS" Ilishevskaya "Ilishevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern forest-steppe zone)

Characteristics of spring barley cultivar for productivity of the Southern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Characteristics of spring barley cultivar for productivity of the Southern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

ВОДНЫЙ РЕЖИМ ПОЧВЫ И ВОДОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗЕРНОПАРОВЫХ СЕВООБОРОТАХ ЮЖНОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

The data of studies for 2016-2022 on the study of the influence of steam precursors on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil in field grain-steam four-field crop rotations in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. Crop rotation scheme: steam-wheat-wheat-wheat. Pure black and chemical, as well as sideral rapeseed vapors were used as steam precursors. Rapeseed was sown in July, plowed in September in the flowering phase. In pure black steam during the fallow period, cultivations were carried out as weeds overgrown. The chemical vapor was treated twice during the summer with glyphosate-containing herbicides. Changes in the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil were tracked, starting from the beginning of fallowing and up to the harvesting of wheat, which is the third crop after steam. There was a weak accumulation of productive moisture in the steam fields. By sowing the first crop, the increase was from 8.8 mm after chemical steam and up to 11.6 mm after pure black. The coefficient of water consumption of the first wheat coming after steam predecessors reached 780 in the crop rotation with sideral steam and 841 in the crop rotation with chemical steam. In the second culture, the water consumption for the formation of 1 ton of grain increased to 828-881 tons, and in the third culture, the amount of moisture consumed already reached 1018-1132 tons. The lowest moisture consumption for the formation of 1 ton of spring soft wheat grain was observed in the crop rotation with sideral rapeseed steam. The highest coefficient of water consumption was obtained in the crop rotation with chemical steam.

Grain yield of corn hybrids of the kskp kkz "kuban" in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Grain yield of corn hybrids of the kskp kkz "kuban" in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

The influence of natural climatic conditions on the species diversity of insects in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk region

The influence of natural climatic conditions on the species diversity of insects in the cereal-grass biocenosis on the territory of peasant farm “Markovo-1” located in the southern forest-steppe zone of Chelyabinsk region has been studied. During the survey of entomofauna on the territory of peasant farm “Markovo-1” 19 herpetobiont species have been identified in the biocenosis which are represented by 9 families. 51 species of hortobionts belonging to 8 orders and 25 families were identified. Entomofauna was represented by the following orders: Dragonflies (Odonata), Coleopterans (Coleoptera), Dipterans (Diptera), true Hemipterans or bugs (Hemiptera), Neuropterans (Neuroptera), Lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), Orthopterans (Orthoptera), Hymenopterans (Hymenoptera). 421 herpetobionts and 482 hortobionts were identified in the cereal-grass biocenosis. Insects of the order Coleoptera belonged to 16 families and 32 species. The largest number of species were the representatives of the family of Ground beetles (Carabidae) and Lamellate beetles (Scarabaeidae) (5-6 species). The number of other families of this order was not so significant (1-3 species). Insects of the Lepidoptera order were represented by 6 families and 15 species. During the phytosanitary control of the studied agrocenosis the economic thresholds of insect harmfulness were determined. According to the results of the survey of the territory of the farm several species of insect pests the representatives of different orders and families true Hemipterans or Bugs (Hemiptera) the family of shield Bugs (Pentatomidae), the species of Corn Bugs (Eurygaster integriceps) were found from the discovered herpetobionts and hortobionts. Order Lepidoptera, family - Scoops (Noctuidae), species - Winter Scoops (Agrotis segetum Den.et Schiff.); family - Fireflies (Pyralidae), species - Meadow Moth (Pyralidae); family of Weevils (Curculionidae), beetroot Weevil Species (Bothynoderes punctiventris G.). A species Click Beetle (Agriotes sputator L.) belonging to the family of Click Beetles (Elateridae) is found only once.

Productivity of introduced covered grape cultivars in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region

Productivity of introduced covered grape cultivars in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region

Screening of oat cultivars developed in omsk for conditions of the southern foreststeppe in Western Siberia

Spring oats are one of the most important crops among grain crops, and they are well adapted to the conditions of Western Siberia. To realize qualitative and quantitative characteristics of yield and increase productivity, new varieties should be characterized by responsiveness to changing environmental factors (adaptability) with sufficient potential productivity and ability to realize it even in the stressful conditions of this region. The aim of the research was to determine adaptive properties of spring oat cultivars developed in Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center. The experiments were carried out on the experimental fields of the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center, located in the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, in 2011-2019. The st following adaptability parameters were calculated: stress tolerance Kst (according to A.V. Bykov), homeostaticity Hom (V.V. Khangildin), breeding value of cultivar Sc (according to N.A. Orlyansky), genotypic effect Ɛi (B.P. Guriev), coefficient of variation V and coefficient of uniformity B (B.A. Dospekhov), resilience of stability index У (R.A. Udachin and P.A. Golovchenko), rate of reaction of varieties to the environmental conditions Re (V.V. Novokhatin), equivalent plasticity Wi (C. Wricke). Using a significant number of indicators to obtain a final assessment of adaptability, a ranking of cultivars was carried out. Among hulled oat cultivars, Orion (control), Irtysh 13 and Irtysh 21 had increased adaptability (the sum of the ranks was 23, 35 and 36, respectively). In naked oat cultivars, Progress was more stable (the sum of the ranks was 79). These cultivars are recommended for cultivation in conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Ecological aspect of the development of soil-forming processes at the post-technogenic stage

The relevance of the study is caused by the problem of the global anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes in Kuzbass as a result of the development of mining. The rate of reclamation of disturbed lands lags behind the rate and scale of their formation, and most of the territory is self-recovering. This paper is aimed at studying the ecological conditions of the natural environment and technogenic factors affecting the dynamics of soil-forming processes and the formation of phytocenoses in disturbed territories, which differ in the way of formation at the technogenic stage. For the first time, some physicochemical parameters of technozems were obtained. Like ebriozems, they are formed in the post-technogenic phase of the development of a technogenic landscape under the conditions of its self-growth. The similarities and differences in the properties of technozems and ebriozems formed in the same natural and climatic conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass have been revealed. It was found that the rate of their transformation, expressed in the formation of the soil profile, depends on the conditions of the relief and underlying rocks created at the technogenic stage. The presence of a preserved layer of potentially fertile rocks and the absence of slope surfaces led to the formation of the frontal soil and vegetation cover of the technozem; under other conditions, the formation of soils and plant groups occurs fragmentarily, which leads to the asynchronous development of the functions and modes of the technogenic landscape.

The Influence of Different Seeding Application Rates and Sowing Time on Maize Hybrids’ Productivity in the Conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan’s Southern Forest-Steppe Zone

Maize takes the leading place in yield and is one of the most common crops in the world. Selection of the optimal seeding application rate and time is among the central issues in maize cultivation technology and is highly relevant. The research made in 2018–2020 aimed at improving the maize technology block for grain (seeding application rate and sowing time, southern forest-steppe, the Republic of Bashkortostan). For this purpose, a field experiment was launched in a fourfold replication. The experimental design included hybrids: Nur, Mashuk 171, Baikal and Mashuk 220 with a planting density of 60 (control), 70, 80, and 90 thousand pcs/ha. The experiment revealed a high correlation dependence of the yield of green mass and grain on the sowing time (r = 0.876–0.915 and r = 0.951–0.963). In the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan’s southern forest-steppe, Baikal and Mashuk 171 hybrids are recommended to be used for animals and poultry diets and the planning of maize cultivation technological schemes at early sowing time (May 10) and a seeding application rate of 80 thousand pcs/ha. The results of the research apply to the formation of agricultural feeding diets.

The entomofauna of scarabaeoidea beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabeoidea) in the Republic of Tatarstan

An overview of the entomofauna of scarabaeoidea beetles in the Republic of Tatarstan is given according to the data of long-term observations in the Verkhneuslonsky, Kamsko-Ustinsky, Mamadyshsky, Eelabugsky, Tukaevsky, Nizhnekamsky, Cheremshansky districts. The location of the republic on the territory of the southern taiga and forest-steppe zones determines the diversity of the species composition of the scarabaeoidea beetles. In total, from 1993 to 2021 the author identified 63 species, belonging to 19 tribes, 13 subfamilies and 4 families. Of these, 7 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tatarstan: Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth, 1785), Trypocopris vernalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Polyphylla fullo (Linnaeus, 1758), Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786), Osmoderma barnabita Motschulsky, 1845. From this list, 5 species are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation: Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), Ceruchus chrysomelinus (Hochenwarth, 1785), Trypocopris vernalis (Linnaeus, 1785), Protaetia speciosissima (Scopoli, 1786), Osmoderma barnabita Motschulsky, 1845. The list of some taxa is far from complete, some of them require a special study of faunism. The list of species is not exhaustive, especially for Subfamily Aphodiinae, which requires special research to complete. Protaetia fieberi (Kraatz, 1880) may be found in the Republic of Tatarstan with a high probability, this species is indicated for the neighboring Chuvash Republic and the Udmurt Republic. Previously, the author indicated this species as Potosia incerta in the 1990s, identified in the Verkhneuslonsky District, therefore, it is necessary to confirm the presence of the species on the territory of the republic at the present time.

Structure elements features formation of soybean plants yield in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The results of the study in 2016 - 2018 are presented varieties of common cultivated soybeans on chernozem soils in the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The aim of the research was to study new highly productive early ripening varieties of soybeans suitable for cultivation in the forest-steppe conditions of Western Siberia. The object of research is plants of common cultivated soybean varieties (Glycine hispida Maxim (L.) Merril). The study used field and statistical methods. Field studies were carried out in a selection experiment based on a four-field grain-fallow crop rotation, the predecessor was winter triticale after pure fallow. The experimental scheme included four early maturing soybean varieties zoned in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia. In terms of productivity, the Cheremshanka and Eldorado varieties stood out on average over three years (3.83; 3.60 t/ha, respectively). The use of mathematical statistical methods showed that in our experiment the productivity of plants had a strong positive relationship with the number of productive nodes (r = 0.91), beans (r = 0.87) and seeds per plant (r = 0.89); with a mass of 1000 seeds, the relationship is also positive, but of medium strength (r = 0.60). Studies have shown that weather conditions influenced the weight of seeds per soybean plant. By the number of seeds per plant, the Eldorado variety stood out - 42.2 pcs. The greatest mass of 1000 seeds was in the Sibiryachka variety and amounted to 183.5 g, only the Cheremshanka variety was closer - 179.6 g. The most productive plants were in the Cheremshanka and Eldorado varieties - 6.6 and 6.5 g/plant, respectively. It is 8% better than the standard variety.

Source material in selection of spring durum wheat for conditions of Western Siberia

The genetic diversity of the world gene pool of collecting samples from the Federal Research Centre of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) was studied in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. N.I. Vavilov (VIR) by economically valuable traits and grain quality. The study was conducted in four stages as the gene pool became available: 2000-2003, 2007-2008, 2009-2012, 2019-2020. A total of 186 samples were studied. The following varieties recommended by the State Commission of the Russian Federation were used as standards: Altai Niva, Omskaya Amber, Zhemchuzhina Sibiri. Sowing was carried out on May 1516 by fallow in the specialised crop rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the Omsk Research Center. The material received in the first year was studied in plots with an area of 0.25 m2, and in subsequent years 3 m2. Agroclimatic conditions varied from favourable to contrasting temperature and water regimes. In studies of durum wheat samples from the VIR collection of different origins, sources were identified according to their economic value. Of the diversity, only a small part (10%) is of breeding interest and can be used in hybridisation. The sources of high productivity may be the samples k-59881, k-59888, k-60388, k-60364, k-60366, k-60413, k-61303, k-62657, k-62658, k-63126, k-63160, k-64353, k-64355, k-6386, k-64953, k-61619, k-63821, Sladunitsa, k-66887, k-66886, k-66293, k-66294, k-66519, k-66675, k-64488. In terms of grain quality the following crops stood out: k-59881, k-59889, k-60388, k-60364, k-61117, k-61650, k-62657, k-64353, k-64354, k-64355, k-6386, k-17985, k-63821, Sladunitsa, Iride, k-60410. As sources of resistance to stem rust, we offer k-6386, k-6662, k-46983, k-60410, Iride, k-65353, k-65733, k-65734. According to the complex of traits (high productivity, grain quality and resistance to diseases) are of breeding value samples k-59881 (Russia), k-6386 (Georgia), k-65734 (Syria), Sladunitsa (Ukraine) and Iride (Italy).

Suitability of Agrochernozem Soils for Irrigation Amelioration in the Southern Forest–Steppe Zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Suitability of Agrochernozem Soils for Irrigation Amelioration in the Southern Forest–Steppe Zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Гидрологический и газовый режим болот в условиях лесомелиорации

The effective of forest reclamation in oligotrophic and eutrophic swamps in the southern taiga and forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia are described. The state of the hydrological and gas regime of peat deposits is analyzed. It is concluded that forest reclamation 60 years ago on oligotrophic and eutrophic swamps has little effect on the hydrological and gas regime of the reclaimed territory at this moment. These regimes are approaching to their natural state, which indicates that the area is re-waterlogged in the absence of operation of the drainage system.

Natural reforestation of Kuzbass dumps

We study the restoration of coal mining dumps through reforestation in the forest-steppe zone of Kuzbass. 3 main forest-forming species (Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula) and 11 accompanying tree species were involved in the formation of forest stands. The main forest-forming species was Betula pendula. The amount of renewal was found to be 10.7, 3.1 and 1.0 thousand pcs/ha in sites with favourable, moderate favourable and unfavourable environmental conditions, respectively. The level of natural reforestation on dumps in the southern forest-steppe zone can be described as weak. The renewal of the Acer negundo invasion species was determined by a continuous drift of seeds on the dumps; however, its seedlings and young undergrowth did not reach a generative age.

Ecologization of crop industry by introducing a bean component into the field crop rotation of Western Siberia

The paper studies field crop agrophytocenoses and their productivity in multi-year field experiments. Accompanying measurements and observations of crop rotations in the southern forest steppe zone of Western Siberia were carried out using the method of state crop testing and methodological instructions of B.A. Dospekhov. The soybean grain quality was determined according to GOST 10846-91 Grain and its processing products. Method of protein definition; GOST ISO 5983-2-2016 Fodder, compound feeds, compound feed raw materials. The mass fraction of nitrogen was determined and the mass fraction of crude protein was calculated. Sibiryachka soybean variety was used in crops. The experience has shown that the maximum accumulation of humus is ensured by crop rotation alternation. The use of complete fallow in rotation increases the productivity of the whole crop rotation to 2.36 t/ha with feed unit content amounting to 3.87 t/ha. Crop-replacing rotation differ from each other in productivity, however, the inclusion of oilseed crop in the scheme allowed balancing the content of feed units. The rotation of crops and the place of soybean in crop rotation significantly affected its yield. Protein accumulation does not depend on rotation and a set of precursors.

Реализация биологической урожайности ячменя ярового в условиях южной лесостепи Омской области

. In the Russian Federation, barley is widespread and cultivated in all soil and climate zones. The purpose of the research is to determine the adaptability of Omsk varieties of filmy and naked barley on the basis of “grain yield”. Methods. The research was conducted from 2015 to 2019 in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Omsk. A detailed analysis of the adaptivity parameters is given: the coefficient of the index of environmental conditions, plasticity and stability according; multiplicative coefficient according; the ecovalent of plasticity according; homeostaticity and the stability index; breeding value; genotypic effect, the rate of reaction of varieties to the environmental conditions. Final adaptability of varieties is estimated by the sum of ranks obtained each grade of the studied parameters. Results. The results of the research showed that the most adaptive in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region are double-row filmy lines Nutans 4883, Nutans 4812 and variety Omskiy 101 (the sum of ranks = 34...38); multilayered membranous – Omskiy 99 and Nutans 4883 (sum of ranks = 54 and 56); two-row hulless hulless cultivar Omskiy golozernyy 1 (sum of ranks = 82); multi-row hulless varieties Omskiy golozernyy 2, Omskiy golozernyy 4 (sum of ranks = 86 and 84). Scientific novelty consists in the study of 8 varieties and 5 new promising lines of filmy and naked groups of barley, selection of the Omsk agricultural research center. The most adaptive varieties and lines for the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia are identified, which are recommended for introduction into production and for further breeding work.

Characteristics of productivity of soft winter wheat samples from Common Bunt-Resistant Nursery (CBUNT-RES) in the southern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Purpose. Evaluate the introduced samples of soft winter wheat from the international nursery Common Bunt-Resistant Nursery (CBUNT-RES) of different ecological and geographical origin in the southern part of the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine according to a set of productivity indicators in order to define the most valuable samples and describe them.Methods. During 2016–2019 on the base of Ustymivka Experimental Station for Plant Production of the V. Ya. Yuriev Plant Production Institute of NAAS the authors studied, evaluated and described 75 new soft winter wheat samples of various eco-geographical origins by productivity traits. In the field and laboratory conditions, indicators of yield and productivi­ty were determined: 1000 grains weight, plant height and ear length, the number of spikelets and grains in the ear, weight of ear and grain and early-ripening.Results. Plant material with increased parameters of economic and biological characters was identified. During studies, it was found that ‘F08347G8’, ‘F00628G34-1’ (Romania), ‘91-142A61/KATIA1//GRISET-4’, ‘SAULESKU#44/TR810200//GRISET-4’, ‘ATTILA/BABAX//PASTOR/4/…’ (IU067591) (Turkey), ‘INTENSIVNAYA//PBW343*2/TUKURU’, ‘SANZAR-8/KKTS’ (Mexico) were the high-yielding varieties. The samples of soft winter wheat as ‘F08347G8’, ‘F00628G34-1’ (Romania), ‘INTENSIVNAYA//PBW343*2/…’ (IU067637) (Mexico), ‘ATAY/GALVEZ87/6/TAST/…’ (IU067587), ‘DE9/MERCAN-2’, ‘KRASNODAR/FRTL/6…’ (IU067595), ‘SAULESKU#44/TR810200//GRISET-4’, ‘GANSU-1/3/AUSGS50AT34/…’ (IU067598), ‘ORKINOS-1*2/3/AUS…’ (IU067608), ‘KAMBARA1/ZANDER-17’ , ‘TAM200/KAUZ/4/CHAM6//…’ (IU067612) (Turkey) contained a large grain weight (more than 5.0 g), plant productivity in these samples was rather high due to increased amount of grains and the thousand kernel weight.Conclusions. The introduced soft winter wheat samples of various eco-geographical origins were adapted to the Southern Forest-Steppe and can be recommended as a source material in breeding to increasing productive capacity.

ПЕРЕДОВОЙ ОПЫТ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЯРОВОГО РАПСА НА СЕМЕНА В ООО «МТС «ИЛИШЕВСКАЯ»

The Republic of Bashkortostan is a leading region for the production of oilseeds. In addition to traditional oilseeds such as sunflower, farmers of the Republic are increasing the area of rapeseed, ginger, flax, mustard. In recent years, the acreage under spring rapeseed for seeds has been steadily increasing. Among the producers of spring rapeseed for seeds, farms with a high crop of agriculture and stable yields have appeared. One of these enterprises is MTS Ilishevskaya LLC in the ilishevsky district in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic. In the farm, the yield of spring rapeseed is 25-28 C/ha. The profitability of production is 140-150%. In 2019, local cooperatives launched a shop for processing rapeseed seeds into vegetable oil produced at the enterprise.