ВОДНЫЙ РЕЖИМ ПОЧВЫ И ВОДОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЗЕРНОПАРОВЫХ СЕВООБОРОТАХ ЮЖНОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

Abstract

The data of studies for 2016-2022 on the study of the influence of steam precursors on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil in field grain-steam four-field crop rotations in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. Crop rotation scheme: steam-wheat-wheat-wheat. Pure black and chemical, as well as sideral rapeseed vapors were used as steam precursors. Rapeseed was sown in July, plowed in September in the flowering phase. In pure black steam during the fallow period, cultivations were carried out as weeds overgrown. The chemical vapor was treated twice during the summer with glyphosate-containing herbicides. Changes in the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil were tracked, starting from the beginning of fallowing and up to the harvesting of wheat, which is the third crop after steam. There was a weak accumulation of productive moisture in the steam fields. By sowing the first crop, the increase was from 8.8 mm after chemical steam and up to 11.6 mm after pure black. The coefficient of water consumption of the first wheat coming after steam predecessors reached 780 in the crop rotation with sideral steam and 841 in the crop rotation with chemical steam. In the second culture, the water consumption for the formation of 1 ton of grain increased to 828-881 tons, and in the third culture, the amount of moisture consumed already reached 1018-1132 tons. The lowest moisture consumption for the formation of 1 ton of spring soft wheat grain was observed in the crop rotation with sideral rapeseed steam. The highest coefficient of water consumption was obtained in the crop rotation with chemical steam.