South Province Research Articles

Dynamics of social differentiation of the population of cities in the south of Western Siberia based on census data (late 19th – early 20th century)

The object of our local historical study was the totality of the urban population of the south of Western Siberia, the subject - the patterns and forms of social differentiation of the population of Omsk, Petropavlovsk, Semipalatinsk, Pavlodar, Biysk and Ust-Kamenogorsk. These cities had a single history of origin in the border area. The author relied on the concept of limology, which focuses on the study of border territories and processes. The territorial scope of the study is limited to the south of Western Siberia, including the south of Tomsk province (Altai Krai), the territory of the Steppe General Governorate with its center in Omsk together with the Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the forms of social differentiation of the population of cities in the south of Western Siberia in the chronological framework of the end of the 19th century - the first third of the 20th century and to identify patterns. Research methodology: historical methods are combined with microsociological methods. This allowed us to study the population of cities through the analysis of statistical census data. Systemic, comparative-historical, statistical research methods were used, which allowed us to comprehensively study the stated topic, classify and process data with the calculation of absolute and relative values, average values, using demographic indicators. The novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the functional, rank, differentiation of the population of the cities under study. The tables present an analysis of the forms of social differentiation of the population of cities in the south of Western Siberia, and revealed the level of its activity. The average salary of different professional spheres is discussed and the leveling of wages is noted to reduce the differentiation of the population.

The Paucity of Female Educational Leadership in Politically Volatile Context of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is one country that experienced deep political turmoil soon after attaining independence in 1980. This study explored the intertwining of violent politics, the politics of fieldwork and the paucity of female educational leadership research by examining the volatile contexts within which the process of knowledge construction takes place. The researcher reviewed related literature to gain insights into the impact of volatile context on research. The study provides a review of literature on issues and concepts related to the studies put forward by other scholars within which the study was discussed and analysed. The review of related literature was conducted mainly to analyse three interweaving factors: the visibility of studies on educational leadership and management publications in 2008, migration and political violence in Zimbabwe. The study established that the terror operation (Gukurahundi) waged in Midlands, Matebeleland South and Matebeleland North provinces from 1982 to 1987, the formation of the political opposition party - Movement for Democratic (MDC) and commercial farm invasions in 1999, operation Murambatsvina in 2005 and elections in 2008 are enough evidence that the Mugabe regime developed a tradition of using violence and intolerance as a tool of consolidating political power. These events formed a complex multi-layered volatility that silenced not only academic research but other forms of documentation.

Investigating the Barriers to Implementing Instructional Strategies by Primary School Principals - A Qualitative Inquiry

Abstract This article reports on barriers to implementing instructional strategies by primary school principals in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The research was done in schools in Tshwane South Province of Gauteng, in South Africa; and it utilizes a qualitative study approach involving an interview with fifteen experienced school principals. The research used purposive sampling in selecting 15 school principals that are highly experienced from among 131 primary schools. This study is an endeavour to explore the idea of instructional leadership performed by principals of these schools. The findings are pertinent and valuable for those who are involved in the field of education, such as policymakers, researchers, and school principals. The identified challenges highlighted in the study are limited resources, non-compliance, inflexible processes, communication problems and lack of adequate technological skills. Moreover, the personal beliefs defined by past experience, educational system changes and school management alongside insufficient program training programs refer to obstacles of strategy implementation for principals. Finally, this paper provides recommendations for policymakers and principals on addressing the various barriers to implementing instructional strategies in primary schools in Gauteng Province. The study provides a deep understanding of the complicated field of instructional leadership in primary schools that seeks to enrich policy and practice for effective education results within Gauteng province.

Sustainable effects of a motor skill programme on physical activity levels in 7–8 years old children, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

BackgroundDeteriorating global physical activity (PA) levels among children warrants new and sustainable approaches to increase PA levels. This study aimed to determine the immediate and sustainable influences of a 9-week movement program on the PA levels in 7 to 8-year-old school children in the Raymond Mhlaba Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.MethodsA randomized control trial including two groups (control group (CG) and intervention group (IG)), pre–post–retest (after six months of no intervention) design was used. Seventy school children, mean age 7.12 years (± 0.71) (n = 35 IG; n = 35 CG) participated in the study. A 9-week movement program was followed twice a week for 30 min during school hours. PA was measured for 7 consecutive days using a hip-mounted wGT3X-BT Actigraph accelerometer. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) was used to assess motor skills. Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) was applied to analyze the data with time, sex, and group as predictors. Effect sizes were computed using Cohen’s d-cut points to assess the practical significance of changes over time. Estimated regression coefficients were also computed to determine the strength of the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and fundamental movement skills (FMS).ResultsBefore the intervention, 60% of the IG met the 60 min of daily MVPA guideline, while light physical activity (LPA) per day was also higher than sedentary behavior (SB) in both groups. No immediate (p < 0.01) or sustainable (p < 0.01) increases in MVPA levels were found and no positive associations emerged between FMS and MVPA levels.ConclusionsThis intervention had little to no effect on children’s MVPA. More understanding of the activity behavior and interests of children is needed to improve their PA behavior through the content of movement programs. Strategies are also needed to communicate clear messages at a personalized but also parental level, focusing on enhancing health through regular PA, especially to promote PA in young children.

Feasibility of Haruan Snakehead Fish Breeding Units for Recipients of Non-Cash Government Assistance Revitalization of People's Seedling Units (UPR) in Hulu Sungai Tengah District, South Kalimantan Province

Haruan snakehead fish, as one of Indonesia's fisheries germplasm wealth, has an important role as a source of animal protein and buffers the stability of inflation rates in the Kalimantan region. The feasibility factor is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of the local fisheries sector and related government policies at the regional level. The research aims to analyze the feasibility of the local haruan fish hatchery business for recipients of government assistance in the form of revitalizing the People's Hatchery Unit (UPR) in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Research activities take place in the Mufakat Group, Mahang Baru Village, South Labuan Amas District, Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency - Province South Kalimantan. Sampling was carried out using the proportional sampling method, namely samples were taken deliberately from Haruan snakehead fish cultivators who received grant assistance. The total number of respondents was 1 Cultivator Group. Feasibility of the Haruan snakehead fish hatchery unit for recipients of non-cash government assistance for revitalizing people's hatchery units (UPR) in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South Kalimantan Province Hulu Sungai Tengah, South Kalimantan Province, with different discount rates, the present value (NPV) snakehead fish cultivation business obtained a value of Rp. 189,533,025, which shows that this project can provide financial benefits. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value of 56% indicates a fairly high rate of return, exceeding the interest rate generally available on the market. The payback period (PP) is 1.76 years Keywords: Haruan Snakehead Fish, Feasibility, Revitalization, HST

The role of protolith composition in the formation of tin-enriched granitic melts: A modeling study using the example of the southwest China tin province

Important features of Sn mineralization are the heterogeneous geographic distribution and frequent regional separation from W mineralization in spite some similarities of Sn and W behavior during magmatic processes. Major Sn and W mineralization is often spatially associated with peraluminous granites, which are derived from partial melting of metasediments. Several concepts have been suggested to explain those features, such as a weathering-related Sn-enriched source, Sn redistribution between melts and restite during protolith melting, and extensive fractional crystallization. We demonstrate the importance of protolith composition for the formation of Sn (and W) granites by using a comprehensive bulk-rock composition dataset from Precambrian metasediments of the South China Sn-W province and employing a thermodynamic modeling approach. We used four compositional proxies for phase equilibria calculations, which are the metasediments of the Mengdong, Sibao, Pingbian, and Shuangqiaoshan Groups. It is well documented that those Precambrian metasediments are important protoliths of Sn granites in South China. We present quantitative evaluation of the control of protolith composition in the generation of Sn-enriched granitic melts using South China as example, but our conclusions may also be applicable to worldwide Sn–enriched granites. Our results indicate that the protolith major-element geochemistry controls the anatectic reactions and melt productivity at specific melting conditions, and consequently the partitioning behavior of Sn. Further, pre-enrichment of Sn is crucial to the fertility of granitic melt and may be a prerequisite, particularly for the formation of giant Sn deposits. We propose that the heterogeneous distribution of favorable source rocks is one of the important factors that control the spatial distribution of major Sn (and W) districts in South China and other regions worldwide.

Transcriptome analysis of antioxidant system response in Styrax tonkinensis seedlings under flood-drought abrupt alternation

BackgroundStyrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich faces challenges in expanding in the south provinces of Yangtze River region due to climate extremes like flood-drought abrupt alternation (FDAA) caused by global warming. Low tolerance to waterlogging and drought restricts its growth in this area. To study its antioxidant system and molecular response related to the peroxisome pathway under FDAA, we conducted experiments on two-year-old seedlings, measuring growth indexes, reactive oxygen species content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and analyzing transcriptomes under FDAA and drought (DT) conditions.ResultsThe physiological results indicated a reduction in water content in roots, stems, and leaves under FDAA conditions. The most significant water loss, amounting to 15.53% was observed in the leaves. Also, ROS accumulation was predominantly observed in leaves rather than roots. Through transcriptome analysis, we assembled a total of 1,111,088 unigenes (with a total length of 1,111,628,179 bp). Generally, SOD1 and CAT genes in S. tonkinensis seedlings were up-regulated to scavenge ROS. Conversely, the MPV17 gene exhibited contrasting reaction with up-regulation in leaves and down-regulation in roots, leading to increased ROS accumulation in leaves. CHS and F3H were down-regulated, which did not play an essential role in scavenging ROS. Moreover, the down-regulation of PYL, CPK and CALM genes in leaves may not contribute to stomatal closure, thereby causing continuous water loss through transpiration. Whereas, the decreased root vigor during the waterlogging phase and up-regulated CPK and CALM in roots posed obstacles to water absorption by roots. Additionally, the DEGs related to energy metabolism, including LHCA and LHCB, were negatively regulated.ConclusionsThe ROS generation triggered by MPV17 genes was not the main reason for the eventual mortality of the plant. Instead, plant mortality may be attributed to water loss during the waterlogging phase, decreased root water uptake capacity, and continued water loss during the subsequent drought period. This study establishes a scientific foundation for comprehending the morphological, physiological, and molecular facts of S. tonkinensis under FDAA conditions.

Mesozoic rifting in SW Gondwana and break-up of the Southern South Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The opening of the South Atlantic Ocean in the Early Cretaceous was only the final stage of the complex rifting process of SW Gondwana. In this contribution, we reassess the chronology of Mesozoic basin formation in southern South America and Africa and integrate it in the long-term rifting and break-up history of SW Gondwana. During the Triassic, after the Gondwanides orogeny, plate-scale instabilities produced intracontinental rifting in Africa, and retro-arc extension on the SW-margin of Gondwana. This process was followed and accentuated by the impingement of the Karoo plume in the Early Jurassic, which triggered rifting in East Africa and ultimately produced the break-up of Eastern from Western Gondwana in the Middle Jurassic. Retro-arc extension continued to affect the palaeo-Pacific margin, with emplacement of the Chon Aike magmatic province in the Patagonian retro-arc during the Early–Middle Jurassic. By the Late Jurassic, retro-arc rifting reached a point of oceanic crust accretion, with the establishment of the Rocas Verdes back-arc basin in southern Patagonia, together with the formation of the Weddell Sea further south, between the South American plate and Antarctica. The core of the Late Paleozoic Gondwanides orogen, between southern South America and Africa, was subjected to oblique rifting at this time and produced the Outeniqua and Rawson/Valdés basins. This area was the locus of extension and oceanization in the Early Cretaceous associated with a rotation of the stress field from NE–SW to east–west extension. The formation of the South Atlantic Ocean resulted from lithospheric extension and was accompanied by extensive intrusive magmatism and extrusive flood basalts identified as seaward dipping reflectors, which were emplaced diachronically from south to north, along different segments along both conjugate margins. These volcanic rocks form the South Atlantic Large Igneous Province. The chronology of the South Atlantic opening and the magmatic sources and processes associated with the formation of seaward dipping reflectors remain interpretative as they have only been studied on seismic data but are still undrilled; hence, scientific drilling will be key to unravel many of these unknowns.

Salt Distribution in the South Pyrenean Central Salient: Insights From Gravity Anomalies

AbstractTriassic evaporites represent the regional décollement of the Pyrenees and form two salt provinces north and south of the South Pyrenean Central Salient (SPCS). We present an updated Bouguer and residual Bouguer anomaly map built upon the homogenization of available gravity data of the SPCS together with four new and representative cross‐sections, constrained by geological data acquired in the field, seismic, well, and gravity data (gravity forward modeling). Gravity anomaly maps and cross‐sections are used to characterize the present‐day uneven distribution of Triassic evaporites. Outcropping Triassic evaporites is not necessarily associated with an underlying evaporite accumulation and the absence of it at surface does not involves its non‐existence at depth. Northwest of the salient, a major accumulation of Triassic evaporites floors a thick syn‐orogenic Upper Cretaceous basin. South of it, Triassic rocks core salt‐detached anticlines related to the Pyrenean orogeny. Along the southernmost (and youngest) thrust sheet of the salient, diapirs, and evaporite accumulations are associated with a salt‐inflated area.

Violence Victimization and Depressive Symptoms Among a Sub-Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adults in a Population-Based South African Study.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults in South Africa face high levels of violence and poor mental health outcomes. Interventions to prevent these negative health implications are hampered by a lack of representative data among this population. This study aims to quantify the associations between three forms of violent victimization and depressive symptoms in a sub-sample of SGM drawn from a population-based cross-sectional study in Gauteng, South Africa. Data come from the sixth Quality of Life survey conducted in South Africa's Gauteng province. Brief screeners assessed childhood sexual abuse (CSA), past-year intimate partner violence (IPV), non-partner violence, and depressive symptoms. Three survey-weighted logistic regression analyses were fit to model associations between elevated depressive symptoms and CSA, past-year IPV, and past-year non-partner violence, controlling for socio-demographics (age, race, sex, area of residence, education, socioeconomic status, and recent employment). N = 1,328 SGM respondents were included. Over 40% (n = 537) reported depressive symptoms, while 17% (n = 222) reported CSA, 5% (n = 67) reported IPV, and 16% (n = 208) reported non-partner violence. CSA and non-partner violence were associated with significantly higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI [1.03, 2.23]; aOR: 1.84, [1.24, 2.73], respectively). IPV was not associated with elevated depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.17, [0.64, 2.16]). In all models, employment in the past 7 days was associated with significantly lower odds of reporting depressive symptoms. Recent and childhood violence is a major burden that is associated with elevated symptoms of depression among SGM in urban South Africa. Community-tailored interventions and policy-related advocacy related to employment and violence prevention may alleviate depressive symptoms in SGM adults in Gauteng.

Tourism resilience and challenges in Limpopo, South Africa: A post-COVID-19 analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact, recovery and resilience of COVID-19 on South Africa's Limpopo Province's tourism industry. The study utilises surveys (n = 115) and interviews (n = 50) to examine the impact, recovery, resilience, success and challenges of various tourism-related businesses, including national parks, restaurants, and hotels. Despite minimal government support and significant challenges like erratic utilities, high inflation, and a global economic downturn, the sector showed resilience, with few business failures. While some businesses in the accommodation sector diversified into areas like student accommodation, some survived by cutting the number of staff, tapping into savings, borrowing and adopting various cost containment measures to survive the pandemic. Post the pandemic, the sector faces issues like decreased demand due to technological changes in meetings and conferences and employee mental health concerns. The study underscores the need for strategic management and specific policy interventions to ensure the sector's resilience and survival post-pandemic.

Identification of phoretic mite from red palm weevil ‎Rhynchophorus ferrugiuneus(Olivier,1790) from ‎Basrah province south of Iraq

Identification of phoretic mite from red palm weevil ‎Rhynchophorus ferrugiuneus(Olivier,1790) from ‎Basrah province south of Iraq

Predicting the Potential Geographic Distribution of Invasive Freshwater Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculate (Lamarck, 1819) under Climate Change Based on Biomod2

Pomacea canaliculata is widely distributed in the Chinese provinces south of the Yangtze River, causing serious damage to aquatic ecosystems, rice cultivation, and human health. Predicting the potential geographic distributions (PGDs) of P. canaliculata under current and future climate conditions in China is crucial for developing effective early warning measures and facilitating long-term monitoring. In this study, we screened various species distribution models (SDMs), including CTA, GBM, GAM, RF, and XGBOOST, to construct an ensemble model (EM) and then predict suitable habitats for P. canaliculata under current and future climate scenarios (SSP1-26, SSP2-45, SSP3-70, SSP5-85). The EM (AUC = 0.99, TSS = 0.96) yielded predictions that were more precise than those from the individual models. The Annual Mean Temperature (Bio1) and Precipitation of the Warmest Quarter (Bio18) are the most significant environmental variables affecting the PGDs of P. canaliculata. Under current climate conditions, the highly suitable habitats for P. canaliculata are primarily located south of the Yangtze River, collectively accounting for 17.66% of the nation’s total area. Unsuitable habitats predominate in higher-latitude regions, collectively covering 66.79% of China’s total land area. In future climate scenarios, the total number of suitable habitats for P. canaliculata is projected to expand into higher latitude regions, especially under SSP3-70 and SSP5-85 climate conditions. The 4.1 °C contour of Bio1 and the 366 mm contour of Bio18 determine the northernmost geographical distribution of P. canaliculata. Climate change is likely to increase the risk of P. canaliculata expanding into higher latitudes.

Parents’ Perceptions on Parental Involvement in Their Children’s Education in Giyani Municipality Rural-based Schools, Limpopo Province, South Africa

The importance of parental involvement in children’s education cannot be overemphasized. This study aimed to explore the role that parents play in the education of their children in the Giyani Municipality, Limpopo Province South Africa. The study followed Epstein's model of school-parent-community partnerships to understand the participation of parents in the education of their children. A qualitative approach was employed to guide the gathering and analysis of the data. Fifty-eight parents that were purposively selected from the four rural schools participated in the focus group discussions that were audio-recorded. Inductive qualitative thematic analysis was used, and the ethics were observed. The findings revealed the role of parental involvement in their children’s education as working with schools, home-schooling, modelling positive attitudes, emotional support, and career counselling. This study has implications for policy and practice in a parent-teacher relationship in rural schools by suggesting that parents should be involved in policy development such as when the curriculum changes.

The lived experiences of HIV-positive women in rural Zimbabwe: A qualitative focus group study.

The study explored and described the meaning attached to the lived experiences of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the rural context of Zimbabwe. Stigma and discrimination negatively impact one's ability to perform the expected social roles, the quality of life, and the efforts to prevent the spread of HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and reduce HIV-related mortality. Thus, the study aims to understand the meaning attached to the lived experiences of HIV-positive women living in rural areas or villages of Matabeleland South province in Zimbabwe. The study used a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design. Four focus group discussions were conducted with 24 HIV-positive rural women living in Matabeleland South province, Zimbabwe. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was adopted to explore and describe the meaning attached to the lived experiences of women living with HIV. Two interconnected themes were identified in the analysis with their sub-themes. These were: (1) struggle for social belonging, with subthemes - loss of social belonging and reduced access to community-based empowerment opportunities and (2) struggle for maintaining the quality of life with subthemes - lack of need-based community healthcare and food insecurity. Being a woman living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe means a perpetual struggle to maintain one's humanness and quality of life.Contribution:This study's results will support the efforts of the Zimbabwean government to improve the quality of life of HIV-positive women living in rural areas.

Phylogenetic position of Pratylenchus sp. (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with grasslands using 28S rDNA from South Africa

Plant-parasitic nematodes are the main nematodes that live in the soil, causing yield loss in various crops. As endoparasites, Pratylenchus species can reduce the yield of grass and other plants by feeding on their roots. Because of its parasitic nature on plants, this species requires careful identification; in South Africa's Limpopo Province, grasslands are among the most vital agricultural resources. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University to identify the nematode from South Africa's soils using 28S rDNA marker. The recovered nematode was extracted using the tray method, and then its DNA was extracted using the chelex method. The nematode was identified as Pratylenchus. Afterward, 28S rDNA was amplified using specific primers to identify the nematode at the molecular level. The Nblast analysis based on the large subunit ribosomal DNA showed South African Pratylenchus had 99% similarity (OQ343703) with the South African population. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Pratylenchus in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species was identified using 28S rDNA; however, other rDNA markers, such as ITS rDNA and mtDNA is recommended for a better understanding of Pratylenchus phylogeny.

The Impact of ICT Adoption in Enhancing Teaching and Learning in Primary Schools of Amathole East District, Eastern Cape

This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) impacts the schooling environment within the primary sector in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province's Amathole East District. ICT adoption in education can fully modify the ways that instruction and learning are given to students, but it also comes with obstacles, especially in the rural primary schools in the Amathole East District. This research intends to shed light on the current ICT status adoption of Amathole East District's primary schools. Three primary schools were chosen, and three research participants from each school were chosen using the purposive sample technique. Data were gathered through focus groups and in-person interviews. The acquired data were analyzed and presented using a thematic approach. It was revealed as the findings that while teachers were willing to embrace ICTs into teaching and learning and had a good attitude toward technology adoption, they needed the necessary ICT competencies. Furthermore, several challenges and barriers were identified, and these included inadequate ICT infrastructure, a shortage of teacher training in technology integration and a lack of access to ICT tools. The study concludes that teacher training programs be expanded, invest in infrastructure development, and develop a comprehensive ICT policy framework. Taking the research's findings into account, the research offers practical recommendations in enhancing ICT adoption, investing in infrastructure development, expanding teacher development opportunities, to formulating a comprehensive ICT strategy framework so that schools are ready to run virtually in the event of another pandemic related to COVID-19.

Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Kusrini MD, Triantoro RGN, Manurung R, Setiawan RA, Kim N. 2024. Local harvest of pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta) in the Kao River, Boven Digoel District, Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 522-532. The pig-nosed turtle has been harvested in the Papuan region, including Merauke area in South Papua province, Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the harvesting characteristics of pig-nosed turtles around the Kao River in Boven Digoel district, South Papua. We interviewed harvesters, collectors, and village officials and participated in harvesting during harvest season, coinciding with the nesting season in August to early November 2022. The use of the pig-nosed turtle on the Kao River is primarily for eggs, not for meat. The collected eggs were incubated in an ex-situ hatchery until the juvenile form was sold to the collectors. All egg harvesters are local Papuans, while collectors or buyers are generally of non-Papuan descent. Harvesting is carried out by local people in land-owned nesting habitats as part of their inheritance-based customary rights. At least 23 clans from two tribes in the Kao River have the customary rights to harvest pig-nosed turtle eggs. Since harvesting has been carried out for more than 10 years, there is a need to ensure that harvesting will be sustainable without sacrificing the local communities' economic benefit.

A comparison between the effects of simulation of basic CPR training and workshops on firefighters’ knowledge and skills: experimental study

BackgroundOne of the most common causes of death worldwide is cardiopulmonary arrest. Firefighters are among the first responders at the scenes of accidents and can, therefore, play a key part in performing basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for victims who need it. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of simulation training against workshops on the CPR knowledge and skills of firefighters in the south of Iran.MethodsThis experimental (Interventional) study was conducted on 60 firefighters of south of Fars province, Iran. The study was undertaken from March to July 2023. Through random allocation, the participants were divided into two groups: simulation-based training (30 members) and traditional workshop training (30 members). The participants’ CPR knowledge and practical skills were measured before, immediately after, and three months after intervention.ResultsThe findings of the study revealed a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest CPR knowledge and skill mean scores of the simulation groups as compared to the workshop group (p < 0.001). As measured three months after the intervention, the firefighters’ knowledge and skill mean scores were still significantly different from their pretest mean scores (p < 0.001); however, they had declined, which can be attributed to the fact that the study population did not frequently exercise CPR.ConclusionBased on the findings of the study, even though both methods of education were effective on enhancing the firefighters’ CPR knowledge and skill, simulation training had a far greater impact than training in workshops. In view of the decline in the participants’ knowledge and skill scores over time, it is recommended that short simulation training courses on CPR should be repeated on a regular basis.

The Effect of Emotional Labor on Psychological Well-Being in the Context of South Korean Firefighters: The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership.

Drawing on insights from the conservation of resources theory and the job demands-resources theory, our study investigates the association between two types of emotional labor-surface and deep acting-and the psychological well-being of firefighters. In addition, it investigates the moderating effect of transformational leadership within this context. To this end, this study utilizes ordinary least squares models to analyze survey data from 1453 firefighters in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's largest province by population. The findings reveal a negative association between both types of emotional labor and the psychological well-being of firefighters. The study further demonstrates that transformational leadership mitigates the adverse effects of surface acting on psychological well-being. Our research indicates that transformational leadership plays a pivotal role in replenishing lost emotional resources, thereby enhancing the mental and emotional health of those engaged in demanding roles such as firefighting and emergency medical services. Accordingly, the study highlights a vital strategy for maintaining the psychological well-being of firefighters.