South China Agricultural University Research Articles

佛山市农田生态系统的生态损益

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 佛山市农田生态系统的生态损益 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201106210902 作者: 作者单位: 华南农业大学,广州天河五山华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州天河五山华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州天河五山华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 广东高校优秀青年创新人才培养计划项目(LYM09035);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADC6B007);广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(粤农[2009]380号);华南农业大学新学科扶持基金项目(2008X022) Ecological benefit-loss analysis of agricultural ecosystem in Foshan City, China Author: Affiliation: South China Agricultural University,South China Agricultural University,广州天河五山华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州天河五山华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所 Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:农田生态系统是一类半自然半人工生态系统,既具有产品提供、生态缓冲与调节等正效益,也具有水资源消耗、温室气体排放、环境污染等负效益。根据生态系统服务的内涵,运用环境经济学的相关理论,建立了佛山市农田生态系统生态损益评价指标体系,并利用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法、替代市场法等,定量评价了佛山市2000-2009年间农田生态系统服务的生态损益。结果表明,佛山市农田生态系统的生态价值由2000年的58.77×108元上升到2009年73.09×108元,10年间上升了14.32×108元。根据研究期间农田生态系统的生态价值分析,产品提供功能受人类技术和管理的影响较大,具有较高的提升潜力,是佛山市农田生态系统最主要的服务功能之一。产品提供价值占正效益价值比例由2000年的30.47%上升到2009年的61.15%,占净效益价值的比例则从2000年的36.86%上升到2009年的69.33%。可见,除产品提供价值外,佛山市农田生态系统的其他服务功能在逐渐削弱,需引起各部门的高度重视。全市正效益远大于其负效益,且正效益与负效益的差距在逐年扩大,正负效益价值之比由2000年的5.77∶1上升为2009年的8.48∶1。水资源消耗以及温室气体排放是佛山市农田生态系统最突出的生态问题,二者所产生的环境成本在2000年占总环境成本的82.79%,在2009年仍占78.40%。因此,有必要采取有效措施减少农田生产的灌溉用水或改变农田耕作制度以减少其负面影响。佛山市农田生态系统的生态损益研究表明,农田生态系统具有多种正、负生态效益,应该重视对农田生态系统各项生态效益价值的评估,从而实现快速城市化地区自然、经济、社会生态系统的持续发展。 Abstract:Evaluation of ecosystem service has been one of the hottest issues in the field of ecology and ecological economics since the publication of Costanza's famous article in Nature in 1997. Agricultural ecosystem (farmland and orchard) is a semi-natural and semi-manipulated ecosystem, which not only provides people with grains, vegetables, and fiber, but also plays an important role in ecological buffers, regulation for gas regulation, soil and water conservation, and environmental decontamination. However, agricultural ecosystem also has negative effects on our environment, such as excessive water resource consumption, greenhouse gas emission, and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer and pesticide application. Agricultural ecosystem service has profound effects on the sustainable development of human society, and its study is one of the research frontiers in ecology. However, there are only a few research reports on the agricultural ecosystem services in China, especially in the rapid urbanized areas. This paper, based on the connotation of ecosystem service, developed an evaluation index system for assessing the agricultural ecosystem services value in Foshan City in Guangdong Province and quantified the positive benefits and negative benefits of agricultural ecosystem services in Foshan City during the period of 2000-2009, which locates in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most powerful economic areas in China and covers 5 districts with Chancheng, Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui and Gaoming. The results showed that the total service value of agricultural ecosystem in Foshan increased from ￥5.88×109 in 2000 to ￥7.31×109 in 2009 and a net increase of ￥1.43×109 was achieved during this decade. The products provision service, which was one of the most important services of agricultural ecosystem in Foshan, was significantly affected by technology and management and there is a potential for its further improvement in this region. The proportion of its products provision value to the positive benefits increased from 30.47% in 2000 to 61.15% in 2009 while its proporation to the total value increased from 36.86% in 2000 to 69.33% in 2009, indicating that the other services were being gradually weakened except for the products provision. For the period of study, the positive benefits of agricultural ecosystem were greater than the negative benefits while the gap between them was widening each year, and the ratio of positive benefits to negative benefits increased from 5.77∶1 in 2000 to 8.48∶1 in 2009. Water resource consumption and greenhouse gas emission were the most serious problems of agricultural ecosystem services in Foshan City and the combined proportion of these two components in the total environmental costs value was 82.79% in 2000 and 78.40% in 2009, indicating an urgency to take effective measures to decrease the irrigation water consumption and to change the farming system in the region in order to minimize those adverse impacts on the agricultural environment. The current study demonstrated that agricultural ecosystem services have both positive and negative benefits apart from providing agricultural products. To attain sustainable development of the nature, economy and society ecosystem in fast urbanized areas, evaluation of agricultural ecosystem service should be imperative. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

采石场废弃地的生态重建研究进展

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 采石场废弃地的生态重建研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201112312018 作者: 作者单位: 华南农业大学,华南农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科学技术部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2009GB2E020423) Advances in ecology restoration of abandoned quarries Author: Affiliation: South China Agricultural University,.College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采石场的开采严重破坏了植被和土壤,形成了大量的裸露岩石斜坡,造成宏观景观支离破碎和极端的环境条件,限制了植物的生长。由于自然恢复所需时间长久,人工恢复被广泛应用于采石场废弃地的生态重建。自然演替过程是采石场生态重建的理论基础,自然演替理论可以为人工恢复措施提供指导。植物群落演替的早期阶段,非生物因素起主要作用,随着演替的推移,生物因素的重要性增强。邻近自然植被的土壤和繁殖体通过外力的扩散,对恢复起重要作用。除了非生物和其他的限制,先到达恢复地的物种竞争能力的变化能决定了演替过程。演替过程中的干扰因素往往成为演替重要的驱动力。裸露岩石斜坡的物理稳定性对植被恢复有重要影响,有机废物的使用和施肥可以影响恢复演替的方向和生物多样性。播种一定的植物能够改变恢复演替方向,加速演替过程。乡土物种适应了当地气候,能够促进演替。随着修复时间的延长,土壤有机质含量,植被覆盖度和物种丰富度不断增加,土壤微生物生物量随之增加。开展不同地区采石场植物种类的选育、研究乡土物种的功能特性、土壤微生物群落和酶的变化、植被演替过程的定位研究、植物种间的竞争关系、自然演替和人工恢复的比较研究、探索经济高效的采石场生态重建方法是未来的研究方向。 Abstract:Many quarries are exploited to provide construction material due to rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization. Exploitation of quarries causes lots of bare rock slopes, resulting in complete removal of vegetation and propagules, soil depletion, and landscape fragmentation. The soil erosion causes an impoverishment of nutritional and hydric status, hindering natural germination and establishment of young plants. As a result, the reutilization of abandoned quarries becomes quite difficult. The destruction of vegetation is the major factor that leads to the ecosystem degradation. Revegetation of abandoned quarries is the key to improving the ecological environment. Low water and nutrient availabilities are the primary factors limiting plant development at quarries. The establishment of a plant community is often quite low and limits the success of revegetation. Natural restoration is a very slow process, which may take hundreds of years. As a result, artificial revegetation methods have been widely used in ecology restoration of abandoned quarries. Soil management, slope stabilization, species selection, seed collection, seeding and planting strategies and techniques are recommended practices. Treatments with fertilizer may promise procedures to improve plant performance in the site with low water and nutrient availabilities. Artificial restoration of abandoned quarries should be based on spontaneous succession, which could guide artificial practices. At the early stages of vegetation succession, abiotic factors play a key role, and biotic factors become more important as the succession proceeds. Soil accumulation on the rocky slope face is a key factor for vegetation establishment at the early successional stages, but it is very difficult to retain soil on a rocky slope surface due to high rates of water erosion resulting from rainfall influence. In addition, extreme low and high temperatures and drought are the most limiting factors on these sites for plant establishment. Whether there are soil and propagulum being spread through external forces from neighboring natural vegetation will decide the success at starting stage of the succession. Besides the abiotic factors and other constraints, the arrival of some species before other species determines the course of succession through shifts in competitive abilities. Disturbances often become the important driving force of succession process. Physical stability of bare rock slopes could affect the vegetation restoration significantly, and addition of organic waste and fertilization may change or determine the direction of biodiversity of restoration succession. Sowing or planting certain plants could potentially modify the restoration successional direction, and speed up restoration succession. Native species, which has adapted to the local climate, can promote restoration succession. Organic matter, vegetation coverage, species richness and soil microbial biomass increase with increasing restoration age. Future research should focus on the studies of selection and breeding of species which applied in the abandoned quarries restoration in different regions, functional characteristics of native species, dynamics of soil microbial community and soil enzyme, positioning studies of vegetation succession process, interspecific competition among restoration vegetation, comparison of spontaneous succession and artificial restoration, exploring cost-effective methods of abandoned quarries restoration, and so on. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A Bold Step Toward 2012

A Bold Step Toward 2012

The genus Andraca (Lepidoptera, Endromidae) in China with descriptions of a new species

The six species of the genus Andraca Walker hitherto known from China are reviewed, and a new species, Andraca gongshanensis, sp. n., described from Yunnan Province, China. Adults and male genitalia of all examined species are illustrated, together with a distributional map. A key to all seven Chinese Andraca species is provided. The types of the new species are deposited in SCAU (South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China) and HUNAU (Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China).

A New Genus,Valvaribifidum(Lepidoptera, Bombycidae), with Description of a New Species from China

A new bombycid genus Valvaribifidum is described based on V. huananense sp. nov. from South China. Trilocha sinica Dierl, 1979 is transferred to the new genus, i.e., Valvaribifidum sinica (Dierl 1979) comb. nov. The genus is separable from its closely related genus Triuncina Dierl, 1978 by male genitalia with valva bifid postmedially, costa long sickle-shaped, sacculus inflated, gnathos vestigial, saccus slender with apical oncoides, and aedeagus slender. A key to Valvaribifidum species is provided. Male adult and genitalia are described and illustrated. All type specimens are deposited in SCAU (South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China) and HUNAU (Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China).

Identification and characterization of the pig ABIN-1 gene and investigation of its association with reproduction traits

1Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People’s Republic of China 2Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China 3School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China 4Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, People’s Republic of China 5College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People’s Republic of China

Notes on the genus Ismarus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) from China

The Chinese species of the genus Ismarus Haliday, 1835, are revised for the first time. Three new species from the Oriental region of China and belonging to Ismarus halidayi-group are described and illustrated: Ismarus longus sp. n., Ismarus nigritrochanter sp. n. and Ismarus parvicellus sp. n. Two species are newly reported for the Chinese fauna: Ismarus dorsiger (Haliday, 1831) and Ismarus halidayi Foerster, 1850. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is provided. The type specimens are deposited in the Hymenopteran Collection of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou (SCAU).

Description of female of Alareka keralaensis Rajmohana & Narendran (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) from China

The genus Alareka with the species Alareka keralaensis described by Rajamohana and Narendran, known only by male and now female, is described from China, as a new record for China. Voucher material is deposited in the Hymenopteran Collection, South China Agricultural University (SCAU).

Description of a new platygastrid parasitoid Allotropa phenacocca (Hymenoptera) on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Allotropa phenacocca sp. nov., a platygastrid parasitoid of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is described from China. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Hymenopteran Collection of South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China.

A new record genus and species of Catocalinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from China

The genus of the Taviodes Hampson,1926 and the species of the Taviodes fulvescens Hampson,1926 were recorded in China for the first time.The photos of the adult and male genitalia were provided.All specimens were deposited in South China Agricultural University.

A new species of the rare chrysidid subfamily Loboscelidiinae from China: the third species of Rhadinoscelidia Kimsey, 1988 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)

Rhadinoscelidia delta Liu, Yao & Xu, sp. n. (Chrysididae, Loboscelidiinae) is described and illustrated based on two female specimens from Hainan province. It represents the first record of the genus Rhadinoscelidia Kimsey, 1988 for China. A key to the world species of this genus is given. All specimens are preserved in the Hymenopteran Collection, South China Agricultural University (SCAU).

Descriptions of Two New Species ofAnteon(Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) from China

Two new species of Anteon Jurine are described from P.R. China, Hunan Province, Mt. Mangshan: A. mangshanense sp. nov. and A. hunanense sp. nov. The types of both species are deposited in the Hymenopteran Collection of South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, P.R. China.

Two New Species in the GenusLoboscelidia(Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from China

Two new species: Loboscelidia levigata sp. nov. and Loboscelidia striolata sp. nov. from China are described and illustrated. A key to the Chinese species is provided. Specimens are deposited in the Hymenoptera Collection of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou (SCAU). In addition, L. sinensis and L. guangxiensis are redescribed from material collected with L. levigata and L. striolata.

The genus Ptilophora (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) in China, with description of a new species

The genus Ptilophora Stephens in China is briefly reviewed, with the description of Ptilophora nanlingensis sp. n. The new species is most similar to Ptilophora horieaurea in wing pattern and to Ptilophora jezoensis in male genitalia, but they can be distinguished from each other by the following characters: forewing bright reddish brown in Ptilophora nanlingensis, chestnut brown in Ptilophora horieaurea; costa of male genitalia pointed, with a rounded subapical process ventrally in Ptilophora jezoensis, costa rounded, with apex inflated, and with pointed subapical process ventrally in Ptilophora nanlingensis. A key to the Ptilophora species from China and adjacent areas is presented and a distribution map is given. The holotype of the new species is deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, P. R. China.

Indocypha catoptasp. nov. from Guizhou, China (Odonata: Chlorocyphidae)

Abstract Indocypha catopta sp. nov. (holotype ♂: China, Guizhou, Maolan National Nature Reserve 28 vii 2008, to be deposited in the Collection of Aquatic Insects and Soil Animals, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou) is described, illustrated and compared with all known Indocypha species. The uncertain taxonomic status of some Chinese Indocypha species is briefly discussed. The correct spelling of the species-group name of J. silbergliedi is established.

Plasma and tissue cage fluid pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral single‐dose application in pigs

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 33, Issue 5 p. 507-510 Plasma and tissue cage fluid pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral single-dose application in pigs H. DING, H. DING Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorY. LI, Y. LI Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZ. CHEN, Z. CHEN Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorM. RIZWAN-ul-HAQ, M. RIZWAN-ul-HAQ Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZ. ZENG, Z. ZENG Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author H. DING, H. DING Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorY. LI, Y. LI Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZ. CHEN, Z. CHEN Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorM. RIZWAN-ul-HAQ, M. RIZWAN-ul-HAQ Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZ. ZENG, Z. ZENG Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01164.xCitations: 20 Zhenling Zeng, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. E-mail: zlzeng@scau.edu.cn Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume33, Issue5October 2010Pages 507-510 RelatedInformation

Two New Species of the GenusLongipenis(Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae) from China

Two new species of the genus Longipenis Wu (Lepidoptera: Lecithoceridae), L. paradeltidius M. Wang and Xiong, sp. nov. and L. dentivalvus H. Wang and M. Wang, sp. nov. are described from South China. Longipenis paradeltidius is very similar to L. deltidius Wu in external morphology, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by M3 free from CuA1 in the hindwing and cornutus as long as 2/3 length of aedeagus. Longipenis dentivalvus differs from the 2 preceding species by uncus not apically forked. Adults, male genitalia, and wing venation are illustrated. A key and a distribution map of the species are given. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Notes on and key to the genus Phengaris (s. str.) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from mainland China with description of a new species

Th e lycaenid genus Phengaris (s. str.) from mainland China is briefl y characterized, and a short identifi cation key presented. Phengaris xiushani sp. n. is described and illustrated from northwestern Yunnan. Th e new species is similar to P. daitozana from Taiwan with respect to the wing maculation in having a whitish upperside and much smaller spots on the underside. Genitalia features are similar to Phengaris (Maculinea) nausithous from the western Palaearctic region. Th e type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU), and the “S enckenberg Museum fur Tierkunde” in Dresden, Germany (MTD).

Removal of nutrients from wastewater with Canna indica L. under different vertical-flow constructed wetland conditions

Constructed wetlands are becoming increasingly popular worldwide for removing contaminants from domestic wastewater. This study investigated the removal efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater with the simulated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) under three different substrates (i.e., BFAS or blast furnace artificial slag, CBAS or coal burn artificial slag, and MSAS or midsized sand artificial slag), hydraulic loading rates (i.e., 7, 14, and 21 cm d −1), and wetland operational periods (0.5, 1, and 2 years) as well as with and without planting Canna indica L. The wastewater was collected from the campus of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. Results show that the percent removal of total P (TP) and ammonium N (NH 4 +-N) by the substrates was BFAS > CBAS > MSAS due to the high contents of Ca and Al in substrate BFAS. In contrast, the percent removal of total N (TN) by the substrates was CBAS > MSAS > BFAS due to the complicated nitrification/denitrification processes. The percent removal of nutrients by all of the substrates was TP > NH 4 +-N > TN. About 10% more TN was removed from the wastewater after planting Canna indica L. A lower hydraulic loading rate or longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) resulted in a higher removal of TP, NH 4 +-N, and TN because of more contacts and interactions among nutrients, substrates, and roots under the longer HRT. Removal of NO 3 −N from the simulated VFCWs is a complex process. A high concentration of NO 3 −N in the effluent was observed under the high hydraulic loading rate because more NH 4 +-N and oxygen were available for nitrification and a shorter HRT was unfavorable for denitrification. In general, a longer operational period had a highest removal rate for nutrients in the VFCWs.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS NUTRIENT SOLUTION ON THE GROWTH, QUALITY AND ABSORPTION OF MAIN MINERAL MACRO-ELEMENTS OF BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS SSP. CHINENSIS IN SUBSTRATE CULTURE

The China-originated non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivar 'Aijiao Huang' was used as the material. Effects of three different nutrient solution concentration levels (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 strength of the nutrient solution formula, taking water as control) on the dry weight accumulation, nutrition quality, nitrate content and the absorption and distribution property of main mineral macro-elements of non-heading Chinese cabbage plant were studied, given the nutrient solution formula special for leaf vegetables by South China Agricultural University and the compound substrate (50% reed residue, 25% vermiculite and 25% perlite). Results showed that, both the fresh weight and dry weight of the plants increased with the increase of the nutrient level, but no significant difference showed between 1.0 and 2.0 strength nutrient solution treatments. As the nutrient level increased, the content of Vitamin C (Vc) and soluble sugars reduced, while soluble protein and nitrate accumulated, which showed a decrease in the nutrition quality of non-heading Chinese cabbage. At a concentration of 2.0 strength concentration of nutrient solution, the nitrate content in the plant leaves achieved 2735.3 mg/kg Fw. The mineral elements analysis indicated that, the non-heading Chinese cabbage was a nitrophile, and the nitrogen accumulated most in leaf, petiole and root. At a concentration of lower nutritive solution level (0 to 1 strength), the absorption amount of mineral macro-elements in various parts of non-heading Chinese cabbage plant increased with nutrient level rising. However, at 2.0 strength concentration of nutritive solution, the absorption amount of all mineral elements declined excepted N, Mg. The most of N, P, Ca, and Mg distributed in leaf, while most of K distributed in petiole. In addition, the effect of nutrient level on distribution percentage of all mineral macro-elements in different parts of the plant was not remarkable. Within the tested range of nutrient levels, the ratio of N, P, K, Ca and Mg which the plant absorbs was 6.1-7.7:1.0:3.5-3.8:1.7-2.2:0.8-1.2.