South China Agricultural University Research Articles

On the Civil Legal Issues of ‘Haunted House’ Sales Contract - Take Peng Qian et al. and Chen Yuanhui et al. House Sales Contract Dispute Case as an Example

As a vital transaction in daily life, house sale is not only related to the property rights and interests of buyers and sellers, but also carries the peace and happiness of the family. However, when the target house of the transaction is labeled as a ‘haunted house’ -that is, there have been incidents such as suicide and homicide in the house, it often causes the buyers and sellers to fall into deep disputes and troubles. ‘Haunted house’ is not a legal concept, but it carries deep folk traditional concepts and psychological shadows, which has a significant impact on the purchaser’s willingness to live and the market value of the house. The research on the civil legal disputes of the sale contract of ‘haunted house’ is inevitable and necessary in practice. Taking Peng Qian et al. and Chen Yuanhui’s housing sales contract dispute as an example, this paper discusses the civil legal issues in the ‘haunted house’ sales contract, and clarifies the definition of ‘haunted house’ and its legal attributes as a defect of the object in combination with the research status at home and abroad, relevant legal provisions and scholars' views. At the same time, it is of practical significance to analyze the relief ways that victims can take in combination with the information disclosure obligations of sellers and intermediaries. FundingThis research was funded by Guangdong Province Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund ( College Students ' Science and Technology Innovation and Innovation Cultivation ), grant number Pdjh2024a073 and South China Agricultural University 2024 College Students ' Innovative Training Program Project, grant number S202410564128.

Two new species of Striglina Guenée, 1877 (Lepidoptera, Thyrididae) from China.

The genus Striglina is the most species-rich genus in the subfamily Striglininae, which includes about 80 species and subspecies and it has always been a popular research taxon within Thyrididae. Two new species of the genus Striglina Guenée, 1877, S.whalleyi sp. nov. and S.pararubricans sp. nov. from China are described and illustrated. Striglinawhalleyi sp. nov. is similar to S.irresectaobscura Whalley, 1976, but its wing ground colour is lighter and the sacculus process is shorter. Striglinapararubricans sp. nov. is similar to S.rubricans, but the fore-wing is narrower, the uncus processes and sacculus process are longer. Holotypes are deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou.

Effects of Nutrient Solution Application Rates on Yield, Quality, and Water-Fertilizer Use Efficiency on Greenhouse Tomatoes Using Grown-in Coir.

The yield, quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency of crops are important parameters for assessing rational water and fertilizer management. For an optimal water and fertilizer system with respect to the nutrient solution irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes using cultivation substrates, a two-year greenhouse cultivation experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2023. Three drip fertigation treatments (T1, T2, and T3) were implemented in the experiment, where nutrient solutions were supplied when the substrate's water content reached 60%, 70%, and 80%. The frequency of nutrient solution applications is based on weighing coconut coir strips in the morning and evening at 7:00 to determine the daily water consumption of plants. Nutrient solutions were supplied when the substrate's water content reached the lower limit, and the upper limit for nutrient supply was set at 100% of the substrate water content. The nutrient solution application was carried out multiple times throughout the day, avoiding the midday heat. The nutrient solution formula used was the soilless tomato cultivation formula from South China Agricultural University. The results show that plant height and the leaf area index rapidly increased in the early and middle stages, and later growth tended to stabilize; the daily transpiration of tomatoes increased with an increase in nutrient solution supply, and it was the greatest in the T3 treatment. Between the amount of nutrient solution application and the number of years, the yield increased with the increase of the amount of nutrient solution, showing T3 > T2 > T1. Although the average yield of the T2 treatment was slightly lower than that of the T3 treatment by 3.65%, the average irrigation water use efficiency, water use efficiency, and partial fertilizer productivity of the T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of the T3 treatment by 29.10%, 19.99%, and 28.89%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, soluble solid, vitamin C, and soluble sugar contents and the sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes in the T2 treatment were greater than those in the other two treatments (p < 0.05). Using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) method, it was concluded that the nutrient solution application rate of 70% can significantly increase water and fertilizer use efficiency and markedly improve the nutritional and flavor quality of the fruit without a significant reduction in yield. This finding provides significant guidance for the high-yield, high-quality, and efficient production of coconut coir-based cultivated tomatoes in greenhouses.

Effects of paclobutrazol seed priming on seedling quality, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of fragrant rice

BackgroundPaclobutrazol is widely used in the agricultural field. This study investigated the effects of seed priming with different concentrations of paclobutrazol on seedling quality, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP, a key aroma component of fragrant rice) biosynthesis, and related physiological and biochemical indicators in fragrant rice seedlings.ResultsThe experiment is being conducted at the College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University. In the experiment, three concentrations of paclobutrazol (Pac 1: 20 mg·L−1; Pac 2: 40 mg·L−1; Pac 3: 80 mg·L−1) were used to initiate the treatment of fragrant rice seeds, while water treatment was used as a control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, paclobutrazol treatment reduced plant height, increased stem diameter, and increased fresh and dry weight of aromatic rice seedlings. Moreover, paclobutrazol treatment also increased the seedlings’ photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that paclobutrazol primarily increases the content of proline by reducing the content of glutamate and down-regulating the expression of P5CS2, thereby promoting the conversion of proline to the aromatic substance 2-AP. Under the appropriate concentration of paclobutrazol (40 mg·L−1~80 mg·L−1), the seedling quality, stress resistance, and aroma of fragrant rice can be improved.

A new species of winter noctuid moth (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae) from Zhejiang, China, with a key to species of the genus.

The tribe Xylenini is one of the main large taxonomic groups known as Winter Noctuidae. A new species of the genus Antivaleria Sugi, 1980, Antivaleriaronkayorum Zhang & Wang, sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Zhejiang Prov., China. The species resembles Antivaleriaperegovitsi Ronkay et al., 2010, but differs in wing pattern, foot-like cucullus and special shape of harpe. A key to the Antivaleria species is presented. The holotype is deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou.

Exploring the Online Platform Construction of English Movie Audiovisual Speaking Blended Teaching Mode Based on POA Theory of Production-Oriented Approach

Abstract This article is concerned with improving college students’ English audiovisual speaking ability in the context of the development of the times. Based on the SPOC (Small Private Online Course) teaching platform and the POA (Production-Oriented Approach) theory, the article constructs a blended teaching mode of English movie audiovisual speaking course. This model extracts English movie audiovisual features through the multimodal fusion of audiovisual correlation perception and audiovisual recognition. The article adopts CRNN (Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network) model and 3D convolutional structure to build a multimodal audiovisual speech recognition model for English movies. The differences between blended and traditional teaching are analyzed and the effects of integrated teaching are explored through a study of South China Agricultural University students. The study results show that the combined teaching is 0.699 points higher than the traditional teaching method in the average normalized gain score, and the audiovisual speaking ability of the students in the experimental class has improved by 76.04%. The blended teaching of English movie audiovisual speaking based on SPOC platform can effectively enhance students’ audiovisual speaking ability, thus promoting students’ cross-cultural communication ability.

Sequential ultrasound molecular imaging for noninvasive identification and assessment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mouse models

Background and objectiveNoninvasive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) assessment is a clinical challenge to the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We aim to develop diagnostic models based on sequential ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) for the noninvasive identification of NASH in mouse models. MethodsAnimal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of South China Agricultural University. Forty-nine C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal control, non-alcoholic fatty liver, NASH, and hepatitis groups. Sequential USMI was implemented using CD36-targeted microbubbles (MBs-CD36) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-targeted microbubbles (MBs-ICAM-1) to visualize hepatic steatosis and inflammation. The targeting signal of USMI was quantified as the normalized intensity difference (NID) with the destruction-replenishment method. Correlation analysis was conducted between the NID-MBs-CD36 and pathological steatosis score and between the NID-MBs-ICAM-1 and pathological inflammation score. Finally, diagnostic models combining NID-MBs-CD36 with NID-MBs-ICAM-1 were established for NASH diagnosis. ResultsMBs-CD36 and MBs-ICAM-1 were successfully prepared and used for sequential USMI in all mice. NID-MBs-CD36 values increased with the progression of steatosis, while NID-MBs-ICAM-1 values increased in parallel with the progression of inflammation. A strong positive correlation was identified between NID-MBs-CD36 and pathological steatosis grade (rs = 0.9078, P < 0.0001) and between NID-MBs-ICAM-1 and pathological inflammation grade (rs = 0.9071, P < 0.0001). Among various sequential USMI-based diagnostic models, the serial testing model showed high diagnostic performance in detecting NASH, with 95% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 95% positive predictive values, 97% negative predictive values, and 96% accuracy. ConclusionsSequential USMI using MBs-CD36 and MBs-ICAM-1 allows noninvasive grading of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Sequential USMI-based diagnostic models hold great potential in the noninvasive identification of NASH.

A key to the species of genus Synochoneura Obraztsov, 1955 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from China with the descriptions of a new species from Wuyishan National Park.

A new species of the genus Synochoneura Obraztsov, 1955, S. wuyishana sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province of China. The new species resembles S. sapana, but differs in wing pattern and female genitalia characters. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided. Additionally, a key to the Chinese Synochoneura species based on morphology is presented. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou.

Statistics and Analysis of Digital Information on Vascular Plant Specimens and the History of Plant Collecting in Guangzhou, China.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of digitized specimen data and relevant literature to investigate the vascular plant diversity in Guangzhou City, China. Specimen data were collected from various sources, including the China Digital Herbarium (CVH), the National Specimen Resource Sharing Platform (NSII), Global Plants on JSTOR, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Following data standardization, the study identified 41,890 vascular plant specimens, encompassing 248 families, 1563 genera, and 4536 species, including subspecies and cultivated plants. Among them, the native plants of Guangzhou city accounted for 60.6% of the species. The temporal analysis identified three distinct peaks in specimen collection: 1916-1920, 1928-1936, and 1950-1964. Collection activities were primarily concentrated between the months of April and November. The distribution of collected specimens exhibited significant variation among different species, with families such as Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Myrtaceae having the highest number of specimens. Similarly, genera such as Eucalyptus, Ficus, and Citrus were well-represented. The most frequently collected species included Litchi chinensis, Eucalyptus robusta, and Cycas taiwaniana. Remarkably, 21 species had specimen counts exceeding 100. Unfortunately, approximately three-quarters of the species had fewer than 10 recorded specimens. Alarmingly, 1220 species were represented by only one specimen. Geographically, the majority of specimens originated from the former suburbs of Guangzhou, Conghua Delta Mountain, and Liuxi River areas, while other regions had limited representation. In terms of specimen collections, the Herbarium of South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC) recorded the highest number of specimens (13,828 specimens), followed by the Tree Herbarium of South China Agricultural University (CANT; 3869 specimens) and the Herbarium of Sun Yat-sen University (SYS; 3654 specimens). The collection history in Guangzhou spans nearly 300 years and can be broadly divided into two distinct periods. The first period extends from the late 13th century to 1949, primarily encompassing the collection efforts of foreign visitors in Guangzhou, and represents the pioneering phase of plant taxonomy research in China. The second period, from 1949 to the present, is characterized by extensive investigations and collection activities conducted by local scholars, with a specific emphasis on native plant resources. By meticulously organizing and verifying information derived from historical documents and specimens, the paper effectively summarizes the plant collection and research history of Guangzhou, providing detailed profiles of the key collectors. These findings furnish reliable historical reference materials for the study of plant taxonomy and diversity in Guangzhou.

A new species of Hamodes Guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from China.

A new species of the genus Hamodes Guenée, 1852, Hamodes zhipengi sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China. The species resembles H. pseudobutleri Wei & Wang, 2019 but differs in wings ground colour; and male genitalia with differently shaped valvae, ampullae and armature of vesica. DNA barcode of the new species and relatives are deposited in GenBank. The holotype is deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou.

Correction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/imt2.21.].

First Report of Twig Anthracnose of Acacia melanoxylon Caused by Colletotrichum siamense in China.

Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. native to Australia, is a high-quality timber tree with wide genetic and phenotypic diversity. In recent years, A. melanoxylon has been extensively cultivated in some provinces in southern China. In December 2019, anthracnose-like symptoms were observed on twigs of A. melanoxylon in China. In certain valleys in south China, the disease incidence on plants and shoots was 60-75% and 80-90%, respectively. The wither rate of disease branches was 30-40% in dry seasons from September to November. The appearance of symptoms occurred in a humid and warm valley. Symptoms were initially observed on the young branches as brown spindle shaped sunken spots. At later stages, the disease spots girdled the whole branch, which became wilted and its leaves turned reddish-brown. For pathogen isolation, diseased branches were sampled and 55 pieces (5× 5 mm) of these branches section were surface-sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, followed by 0.5% NaClO for 5 min and then were rinsed three times in distilled water. After drying with sterilized filter paper, the surface-sterilized sections were transferred to potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and incubated at 25 °C for 7 days in the dark. Three isolates were obtained as representatives for morphological characterization and were labeled as 1A912, 1B912, and 1C912. These specimens were deposited in the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control at the South China Agricultural University (China). Purified isolates were initially white, cottony and with dense aerial mycelium on PDA at 25 ℃, ten days later their colonies turned grayish white with orange conidial masses. Conidia were one-celled, hyaline, straight, cylindrical, with round obtuse ends, and measured 11.0 to16.3× 4.0 to 6.0 μm (n= 100), appressoria were 5.86 to 9.07 × 3.55 to 6.96 μm (n= 100). Morphological characteristics of selected isolates matched the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (Weir et al. 2012). For further identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and partial sequences of the actin (ACT), beta-tubulin (TUB2), and glycerol dehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were amplified by PCR, and sequenced, using primer pairs ITS1/ ITS4 (White et al. 1990), Bt2a/ Bt2b (Donaldson and Glass 1995), ACT512F/ ACT783R, GDF1/ GDR1(Weir et al. 2012). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: MW228101-MW228103; TUB2: MW250346, MW320707, MW320708; ACT: MW250347, MW320703, MW320704; GAPDH: MW250348, MW320705, MW320706). The multilocus phylogenetic analysis distinguished the isolates 1A912, 1B912, and 1C912 as C. siamense. Pathogenicity of those three isolates of C. siamense was tested on healthy twigs of the one clone of A. melanoxylon. 27 young twigs of nine 1-year-old plants were inoculated with the mycelium of the 7 days-old isolates 1A912, 1B912, and 1C912(Each isolate infected three plants and each infected three young twigs) through an artificial wound. The same nine plants were inoculated with PDA medium alone (each infected three young twigs) as a negative control. Five days after inoculation, brown spindle spots similar to the field disease symptoms were observed on the twigs. No symptoms were observed on the control plants. The experiment was repeated twice. The fungus was successfully reisolated from the symptomatic plants, and had identical morphological and molecular characteristics to the initial isolates, fulfilling Koch´s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. siamense on A. melanoxylon in China. Twig anthracnose can reduce the growth of A. melanoxylon. Further research on management options for this disease is required.

Robotic Path Planning for Rice Seeding in Hilly Terraced Fields

To realize the autonomous operation of a terraced rice sowing robot, a set of sowing robot operation path planning algorithms with universal significance for small, irregular terraced plots is proposed. According to the characteristics of terraces and the agronomic requirements of sowing seeding, the operation path mainly includes parallel operation and boundaries surrounding the operation path. The boundary pre-collision detection method is expounded, and the cyclic detection method judges the U-turn area. The Bézier curve fitting algorithm was used to smooth the boundary wrapping path. To verify the feasibility of the algorithm, four typical irregular small fields located in 666.7-hectare terraces of Sama in Hong He Prefecture, Yunnan Province, were randomly selected, and a field map was obtained through Google Earth. An existing seeding robot was used as a model, and the simulation and comparison tests were carried out with the mainstream EHNS algorithm and boundary polyline algorithm under the ROS-kinetic platform in the Cen Village Scientific Research Base of South China Agricultural University. The actual boundaries of the four fields with the same simulation test were used as the map to verify the field experiment. The simulation test results show that the area coverage of the sowing operation is greater than 93.53% and the replay rate is less than 3.46%, and the field test results show that the area coverage of the sowing operation is greater than 94.33% and the replay rate is less than 3.03%. The simulation test is in good agreement with the field test results, indicating that the algorithm has good adaptability, which meets the requirements of a sowing robot for sowing operation path planning and can provide a certain reference for the path planning of irregular field operation robots in hilly and mountainous areas.

Detection of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Metabolites in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Detection of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Metabolites in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Design and Test of the Structure of Extractor Negative Pressure Zone of Sugarcane Chopper Harvester

Given the problems of the high trash content and loss rate for mechanized sugarcane harvesting, taking the HN4GDL-194 sugarcane chopper harvester extractor developed by South China Agricultural University as the research object, three types of extractor negative pressure structures were designed and internal flow field simulation analysis was conducted. Simulation results showed that the aerodynamic performance of the flow field in the negative pressure area of the extractor negative pressure structure two is the best and the wind velocity and negative pressure are the largest. The measurement results of wind velocity, wind pressure, and flow showed that the changing trend in the actual value of wind velocity and wind pressure is basically consistent with the simulation value. The relative error between the actual flow of the air outlet and the simulation value is less than 10% under different speeds, indicating that the simulation has high accuracy. Field tests of the original extractor and the optimal extractor were conducted. The test results for the trash content showed that when the feeding rate was 1.5 kg/s, there was no significant difference in the trash content between the optimal extractor and the original extractor under various fan speeds. When the feeding rate increased to 7.5 kg/s and the fan speed was low (950 r/min) and medium (1100 r/min), the trash content of the optimal extractor was significantly lower than that of the original extractor, decreasing 2.5% and 1.63%, respectively. The loss rate test results showed that when the fan speed is low and high (1250 r/min), there is no significant difference between the loss rate of the optimal extractor and the original extractor. When the fan speed was 1100 r/min and the feeding rate was 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 kg/s, compared with the original extractor, the loss rate of the optimal extractor decreased by 0.53%, 0.21%, and 0.19%, respectively.

Neopheosia pseudofasciata sp. nov., a new species of Notodontidae (Lepidoptera) from Wuyishan National Park, southeastern China.

A new species of the genus Neopheosia Matsumura, 1920, N. pseudofasciata sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Fujian province. The species resembles N. fasciata (Moore, 1888) but differs in a forewing pattern in M3 cell; diagnostic differences are observed in genitalia characters as well. DNA barcode data of the new species and its relatives are deposited in GenBank. A key to the Neopheosia species based on morphology is presented. The holotype is deposited in the Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou.

Chiral separation of new chiral insecticide pyraquinil isomers and establishment of analytical methods in vegetables

以全新手性杀虫剂唑虫酯为研究对象,通过筛选手性色谱柱和优化流动相比例,建立了唑虫酯及其氧化代谢物异构体的拆分方法,在此基础上开发利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定小白菜和蕹菜中唑虫酯及其氧化产物手性异构体的分析方法。以纤维素-三(3,5-二氯苯基氨基甲酸酯)共价键合手性柱(Chiral INC)(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)为分析柱,乙腈和2 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,在多反应监测负离子模式下进行检测,唑虫酯4个异构体分离度分别为1.63、2.83和1.74,唑虫酯氧化产物异构体分离度为5.82。通过衍生化的方法进一步确定出峰顺序为RS-唑虫酯、SS-唑虫酯、RR-唑虫酯、SR-唑虫酯、S-唑虫酯氧化产物和R-唑虫酯氧化产物。唑虫酯和其氧化产物的手性异构体分别在1.25~1250 μg/L和2.5~2500 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)大于0.99。在蕹菜和小白菜样品中同时添加唑虫酯和唑虫酯氧化产物消旋体进行添加回收试验,添加水平为1、20、400 μg/kg(即唑虫酯异构体为0.25、5、100 μg/kg;唑虫酯氧化代谢产物异构体为0.5、10、200 μg/kg),回收率为72.6%~110.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均在9.4%以下,其中日内重复性的RSD在0.5%~9.4%之间;日间重复性的RSD在1.0%~8.6%之间,表明该方法具有良好的回收率和精密度。该研究可为唑虫酯这一新型手性农药的环境行为研究及后续质量控制、药效评价等提供相应的分析技术,为新农药开发应用提供有力的技术支撑。

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Penicillium sclerotiorum on Aegiceras corniculatum in China.

First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Penicillium sclerotiorum on Aegiceras corniculatum in China.

Effects of Nitrogen Forms and Application Rates on Nitrogen Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Double-Cropping Rice in South China

Nitrogen is an important element that affects the growth and yield of rice obviously. To explore the effects of nitrogen (N) on the growth of double-cropping rice, four consecutive trials were conducted in South China Agricultural University. Four N forms and five N application rates were set up. Rice N uptake, leaf anatomic structure, leaf fluorescence parameters and yield were studied. The results showed that rice leaf SPAD value and N content with urea treatment were the highest among 4 N forms at the heading and flowering stage. The order of rice yield and N use efficiency treated with different N forms were urea &gt; ammonium sulfate &gt; ammonium nitrate &gt; sodium nitrate. The N application rate test showed that photochemical quantum efficiency and chemical quenching coefficient of rice leaves showed an inverted-V-type changing tendency with the highest value at 180 kg/hm2 N treatment. Treatment with less than 180 kg/hm2 N decreased the area and perimeter of small vascular bundles of the lateral leaves. Yield of early rice and later rice with 180 kg/hm2 urea treatment was 17.42 to 33.28% and 6.17 to 21.28% higher than those of other N levels, respectively. The above results suggested that 180 kg/hm2 of urea N are suitable and recommended for double-cropping rice planting in South China.

Youheng Tang, the pioneering founder of South China Agricultural University

Youheng Tang, the pioneering founder of South China Agricultural University