South Azerbaijan Research Articles

GÜNEY AZERBAYCAN VE TÜRKMENİSTAN ÇOCUK OYUNLARI: KÜLTÜREL DEĞERLERİN SÜREKLİLİĞİ VE AKTARIMI

Children's games are one of the elements used by individuals in society to transfer their culture to the future. The child experiences the stages of understanding and recognizing the world they live in while playing games. Through games, the child learns the behavioral patterns of social life and various aspects of culture, perhaps for the first time. Play, which is one of the basic needs of the child, is a duty for him/her. The child who plays with fun learns by practicing rituals that contain cultural elements. Thus, cultural transfer is realized. When studies on children's games in the Turkic world are looked into, it is seen that there is not much difference in terms of practice and rules in games. In this article, the children's games of South Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan Turks will be compared in terms of the creation and transfer of cultural memory, and the survival of national and universal values.

M.ACİZİN “DİVAN”ında İŞLƏNƏN MƏİŞƏT LEKSİKASININ TƏHLİLİ

Analysis of household lexicon used in M.Aciz "Divan" Summary The household lexicon refers to the words that describe the names of the most important and necessary things that people use every day. This includes the names of food, clothing, decorations, and household items used in daily life. Muhammad Khalifa Ajiz, one of the prominent figures of South Azerbaijani literature, unfor¬tu¬na¬tely, is one of the writers who are not so familiar to the reader of modern Azerbaijani literature, and whose research works are rarely written about him. Although the language of Ajiz's poems is the subject of research by Iranian and Turkish scholars, the importance of his "Divan" for the vocabulary of the Azer¬bai¬jani language has been neglected. In this article, the artistic language of Muhammad Khalifa Ajiz is analy¬zed from a lexicographic point of view. The interesting part of the Ajiz lexicon is the less used lexicon that is used in certain regions of South Azerbaijan and which can be encountered by the current modern reader. Key words: South Azerbaijan literature, Ajiz, linguistics, lexicon

About the origin of the Ayrums


 
 
 In more recent times, political problems faced by all-Turkic toponymy did not leave the toponymic system of Azerbaijan out of the grip of these challenges. In scientific journals, symposiums, and conferences, the opinions of our linguists, historians, and geographers regarding the linguistic and etymological analyses of any toponymic unit, turning from scientific debates into personal conflicts and outpourings of dissatisfaction, diverted attention from the correct and fair steps taken by honest researchers in the direction of solving the problem. Regretfully, it can be noted that sometimes, without any reason, the search for the explanation of our onomastic units in the Persian and Armenian languages has been connected with the fact that our territory borders Iran and Armenia. But we should not forget the fact that throughout history, Azerbaijan has bordered the Iravan Khanate, South Azerbaijan, and Türkiye. We must not forget that the population here consists entirely of Turkic tribes. Armenians who occupied our historical homeland not only tried to adopt our native names in those areas but in general, the representatives of this nation have always taken a biased position with the desire to appropriate toponyms of Turkish origin. Their main goal was to falsify the fact that our people live in our homeland, which they have owned for thousands of years, by changing these names. One of the ancient Oghuz tribes, the Ayrums contributed to the origin of the Azerbaijani people. The lack of substantial research on this tribe has led to the creation of fictional ideas about the origin of the Ayrums that have no scientific basis in certain periods. Surely, all this indicates the negative intentions of the Armenians and their allies, who from time to time steal the names of ancient Turkic tribes from our history and create a so-called history for themselves. G. Garagashli, a scientist who conducted serious research on the Ayrums for the first time, clarified many points in his work based on quite valid and logical arguments. G. Garagashli advises his colleagues, who do not agree with his views, to prioritize not only archaeological but also paleontological (linguistic) research in the region inhabited by Ayrums when re-investigating this topic. It is possible to draw confident theoretical conclusions based on thorough research. To preserve its national memory, every nation must first of all have its place names. From this point of view, toponyms are of exceptional importance as an invaluable source for the study of the language, history, geography and ethnography of our people. Our old tribal names, beliefs, and language units live probably better live on oeconym. «Ayrums» is one of the ethno-toponyms that keep our ancestry alive.
 
 

Historical roots of nature-human relationships in examples of South Azerbaijan folklore and written literature

Historical roots of nature-human relationships in examples of South Azerbaijan folklore and written literature

A new stage in the development of South Azerbaijan poetry

A new stage in the development of South Azerbaijan poetry

Ethnos with Turkish Ancestry in the Toponymic Background of the Territory of Azerbaijan

Objective: Research shows that parallel toponyms exist in different types of toponymy, including oikonymy, oronymy, and hydronymy. Comparative analysis of parallel toponyms reveals that the people's ethnic origin, household, economic activity, and other areas are reflected here. Agriculture, cattle breeding, primarily sheep and horse breeding, crafts, and other fields had a special place in the life of the Turkic peoples. The mentioned economic fields are also of some importance in the toponymy of Azerbaijan. The large number of toponymic parallels of Azerbaijan and other Turkic-speaking countries once again proves the settlement of Turkic-speaking peoples in these areas since ancient times. Method: Every event or object can be studied from a certain point of view, which reflects the ultimate task of cognition. In the research process, certain concepts were clarified by using analysis and synthesis methods. Results: Examining the dictionary of geographical names of Turkic-speaking countries, information books, maps, and other materials shows that the toponyms of the countries of the Turkic world correspond to each other according to their linguistic affiliation, origin, and meaning. It is known that each of the Turkic peoples has its own ethnic name and language. Conclusions: Examining the residing areas of Turkic-speaking peoples elucidates that unlike peoples of Indo-European origin who settled in different continents, Turks live in the areas where they historically lived. These areas mainly cover a large extent, including some parts of the Asian continent, southeastern Europe, the northern part of the Caucasus, the South Caucasus, and South Azerbaijan. The units involved in the processes of the generation of names in the Azerbaijani system of toponyms are different, and this difference is clearly manifested. Toponyms are created gradually and in a consistent manner. When giving a geographic name to any object, all aspects of the language to which the name belongs are carefully contemplated. In this case, when conducting research on the origin of a toponym, it becomes easier and more reliable to find out to which language the object belongs. Research conducted for many years shows that most toponyms in the region, as well as paleotoponyms, are of ancient Turkish-Azerbaijani origin. These geographical names occupy a vital place in the toponymic stratification of Azerbaijan.

The period of the national movement in South Azerbaijan (1941– 1946)

The complexity of Azerbaijanis in national-cultural thinking is loaded with understanding what is happening in the example of Russian chauvinism in the North and Persian sovereignty in the South and solving it as a problem. The difference in the appearance of the situation with such complex situations manifests itself in a variety of ways, from emotions to a different perception of reality. The basic principle manifests itself by connecting the society to the values of the archaic time in all parameters, to the bottom layer of the ethnic consciousness, and the struggle for nation-building and nationalization. Prose works created in 1941–1946, either during the reactionary period (1947–1978) or after the Islamic revolution, stand out for their magnificent imagination. The works of writers such as H.F. Khoshginabi, B. Hayili, G. Qahramanzade, Aydın, Habiba, Ermagani, and others, covering the years 1941–1946, are characterized as the energy of the ethnic's artistic thinking. The period of reaction of the Southern prose (1947–1978) became a reality with the emergence of fundamental artistic examples. Habib Sahir, Rahim Cadniku, Ganjali Sabahi, Samad Behrangi, Ismayil Hadi, Nasir Manzuri, etc. Prose samples, which are the products of the artists' pen, provide enough material to clarify the picture of the historical-cultural process.

National enlightenment and the philosophy of Islamism in the first half of the 20th century in South Azerbaijan

National enlightenment and the philosophy of Islamism in the first half of the 20th century in South Azerbaijan

The subject of Iran and South Azerbaijan in Mahammad Hadi's poems

The subject of Iran and South Azerbaijan in Mahammad Hadi's poems

Translations of Muhammad Hadi from poets of Iran and South Azerbaijan of the 20th century

Translations of Muhammad Hadi from poets of Iran and South Azerbaijan of the 20th century

“Tuesday” beliefs and omens of Novruz holiday in Turkish mythical thinking (on the basis of the folk life of South Azerbaijan)

“Tuesday” beliefs and omens of Novruz holiday in Turkish mythical thinking (on the basis of the folk life of South Azerbaijan)

Language Policies Directed At Borchali and South Azerbaijan Turks and Mother Tongue Problem

Language is an important factor that constitutes national identity. Language policies have become a state structure that aims to unite peoples under state rule, as well as organize and reorganize their lives. The establishment of a political central authority that dominates the society’s thoughts through language is the most essential element of social construction processes in the new world order. This study examines the current situation of Azerbaijani Turkish in Borchali (Georgia) and South Azerbaijan (Iran) from socio-political and sociolinguistic perspectives. In this context, language policies, language planning and language rights, and monolingualism with its assimilationist characteristics, are included in the theoretical framework for the first part of this research. The second part explains the language policy implemented in Georgia and discusses the mother tongue education problems faced by minorities. Data on language policy practices in Iran, the position of Azerbaijani Turkish against the titular language, and the problems related to South Azerbaijan Turks’ right to education in their mother tongue are interpreted in the third part. In the last section, attention is drawn to the role of language policy in Azerbaijan’s multi-culturalism model, as a solution method for the aforementioned problems.

Artvin-Ahıska Ağızlarındaki /–(y)AnçA(y/ğ)i/ Biçimbirimi Üzerine

Artvin’den Ahıska’ya uzanan çizgide yer alan ağız bölgesi, her ne kadar Anadolu ağızlarının doğu grubu içinde değerlendirilmekteyse de içinde barındırdığı Oğuzca dışı dil unsurlarıyla bu ağızlardan ayrılmaktadır. Bu makalede ele alınıp incelenen /–(y)Ança(y/ğ)i/ biçimbirimi de bahsedilen unsurlardan birini teşkil etmektedir. Çalışmamızda biçimbirimin evvela tarihî ve çağdaş Türk lehçeleri içinde yayılımı ele alınmış, sonra yapısı ve işlevleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu biçimbirimin aynısı veya benzerlerinin tarihî lehçelerden Kıpçak, Harezm ve Çağatay Türkçelerinde; çağdaş lehçelerden ise Kazan Tatar, Karaçay-Malkar, Kumuk, Nogay, Kazak, Karakalpak, Kırgız, Özbek, Türkmen ve Yeni Uygur Türkçelerinde kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Artvin-Ahıska ağızları hariç ölçünlü Türkiye Türkçesi ve Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında, Irak, Suriye, Gagauz ve Azerbaycan Türkçesi metinlerinde belirlenememiştir. Ancak az sayıda örnekte Gürcistan-Borçalı Terekeme-Karapapah Türkçesi ile Güney Azerbaycan Türkçesi ağızlarında Artvin-Ahıska ağızlarıyla paralel bir biçim ve kullanımla yer aldığı görülmüştür. Türkmen Türkçesindeki varlığını, Çağatay Türkçesinin tesiriyle açıklamak ve bu biçimbirimin Oğuz grubu lehçelerinde ortak unsur olmadığını iddia etmek doğru olacaktır. Dolayısıyla /–(y)Ança(y/ğ)i/ biçimbiriminin Artvin, Ahıska ile Borçalı Terekeme-Karapapak ve Güney Azerbaycan ağızlarındaki kullanımının ancak bölgedeki Oğuz dışı Türk yerleşimleriyle izah edilmesi mümkün görülmektedir.

GÜNEY AZERBAYCAN TÜRKÇESİNDE BİR EDİLGENLİK İŞARETLEYİCİSİ: -mAK ol-

Güney Azerbaycan Türkçesinde -mAK ol- yapısı, esas itibarıyla bir edilgenlik işaretleyicisidir. Fiil + -mAK ol- dizilişindeki yapının hem olumlu hem de olumsuz çekimleri kullanımdadır. Bu yapıda çoğunlukla odaksıl olmayan ve her zaman, sürekli olan olayların sunulmasında kullanılan -(y)(A)r, -(y)(X)r ~ -(y)(X)rI / -mAz ~ -mAs, -mXr ~ -mXrI geniş ve şimdiki zaman eklerine yer verilmektedir. -mAK ol- yapılı cümlelerde genellikle düsturlar, kurallar, genel kabuller, gelenekler, yasaklar vb. yargılar bildirilmektedir. Bu cümlelerde edilgenliğin yanında ayrıca bağlama göre yeterlilik, yetersizlik ve gereklilik kiplik anlamları da aktarılmaktadır.
 -mAK ol- yapısıyla edilgenliğin bildirilmesi Türkiye Türkçesinde de bulunmaktadır. İki lehçe alanı arasında söz konusu yapının kullanım sınırları ve işlevleri bakımından birleşen ve ayrılan özellikler vardır. Türkiye Türkçesinde de -mAK ol- yapısından sonra genellikle -Ar ~ -Xr ~ -r / -mAz geniş zaman ekleri getirilmektedir. Fakat Türkiye Türkçesinde -mAK ol- yapısı, hem olumlu hem de olumsuz fiillerden sonra kullanılmaktadır. Olumsuz çekimli -mAK ol- yapısı, olumlu fiile eklendiğinde edilgen-olumsuz anlamda fiil; olumsuz fiile eklendiğinde ise edilgen-olumlu anlamda fiil ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye Türkçesinde -mAK ol- yapılı edilgenlikle gereklilik kipliği de sunulmaktadır.

Pioneer of Southern Azerbaijan Children’s Literature: Samed Behrengi

Behrengi, who was closely interested in the problems of his time and the problems of the people he was a member of, realized the importance of raising Turkish children correctly and conveying the right messages to them, and wrote his works in fairy tale form to appeal to children. His masterpiece that brought him the real fame is his work called Little Black Fish and this work is described as “political manifesto”. S. Behrengi, who taught in the remote village schools of Azerbaijan, always spoke in Azerbaijani Turkish and wrote all of his works in his native language. He wrote articles and essays on education and pedagogy as well as literary works that collected examples of folklore; He did translation work. Samet Behrengi is one of the authors who mirror the inner world of children and wrote about their clean feelings and desires. Therefore, he is considered the architect of children’s literature in Iran and Southern Azerbaijan. In this study, within the framework of the life, ideas and works of Samed Behrengi in struggles, the contributions of the artist to the formation of Iran and South Azerbaijan children’s literature with the qualitative research method and the Little Black Fish sample were examined.

The coin hoard from the village of Chilagir of Guba region, reveals the the coin economy of the 12th-13th centuries

In the article, a coin hoard consisting of 46 coins which was found from the village of Chilagir of Guba region and now preserved in the Numismatic Fund of the National Museum of the History of Azerbaijan of ANAS, was studied for the first time. This treasure, handed over to the museum in 2006, consists of copper coins bearing the names of Azerbaijan atabegs Muhammad Jahan Pehlivan (1175 – 1186), Abubekr (1191 – 1210), Uzbek (1210 - 1225) and vassals of Azerbaijani atabegs, emirs of Derbend – Muzaffar (1136 – 1160), Bekbars (1160 – 1180), Abdal-Malik (1180 – 1225) and meliks of Ahar in South Azerbaijan Bishtekin ibn Muhammad (1175 - 1210). The coins of this hoard, explaining the monetary economy, also confirm that the main faith of the period was the Islamic religion, and the inscriptions and drawings of the coins tell about military history and craftsmanship. In the article, the author emphasizes that copper coins of the atabegs of Azerbaijan and their vassals were in different types and weights and the increased demand for a coin during the period of "silver crisis" was met by Azerbaijani city-mints (Ganja, Barda, Beylagan, Shamkir, etc.). The treasure of Chilagir, which has come down to modern times, is one of the valuable findings of our national numismatics. It is the duty of every citizen to collect, to study and to preserve such facts.

Ebulfez Elçibey’in Azerbaycan Özelinde Türk Dünyası Meselelerine Bakışı

XX. Yüzyılda Azerbaycan’ın yetiştirmiş olduğu önemli devlet adamlarından Ebulfez Elçibey, Azerbaycan’ın ve Türk dünyasının meseleleriyle ilgilenmiş ve bir tarihçi bakış açısıyla meselelere çözüm önerileri getirmiştir. Üniversite yıllarından itibaren Kuzey Azerbaycan’ın bağımsızlığı, Karabağ meselesi, Güney Azerbaycan’ın istiklali ve bütünleşmesi, Türk dünyası birliği ve Türk dünyasının siyasi, askeri, sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel problemleri üzerinde tespitler yapmaya başlamıştır. Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra, Azerbaycan’da yapılan cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerini kazanan Elçibey, Azerbaycan ve Türk dünyasının sorunlarını çözme fırsatı bulmuştur. Elçibey bağımsız, milli ve demokratik bir Azerbaycan’ın kurulmasını sağlamış, bunun yanında Ermeni işgal ve istilası altında bulunan Karabağ’ın kurtarılması ve Bütün Azerbaycan’ın gerçekleşmesi için mücadele etmiştir. Dilde, Fikirde ve İşte Birlik anlayışıyla; siyasi, askeri, ekonomik, kültürel işbirliğine dayalı Türk Birliği mefkûresi üzerinde durmuştur. Gerek Çarlık Rusya’sı gerekse Sovyetler Birliği dönemlerinde uygulanan politikalara bağlı olarak, Türk dünyasında ortaya çıkan Türklük şuuru, ortak alfabe, milli ordu gibi konulara da değinmiştir. Elçibey’in yazmış olduğu eserler, yapmış olduğu konuşmalar ve dönemin kaynaklarından yararlanılmak suretiyle, Azerbaycan özelinde, Türk dünyasının meselelerine bakışı ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.

Poetry оf Parvin Ehtisamy

Parvin Ehtisamy is one of the prominent poet who lived in the mid of the xx century of South Azer￾baijan. She was born in an intelligent family and she had educated perfectly by the time. She was one of the favourite poets who was famous not only in Azerbaijan but all over Iran. Scientists of that time Bahar and Ahmad Kesrevi highly appreciated her poetry .Although this Azerbaijani poet wrote her poetry in Persian she always thought of the fate of Azerbaijan people .Her personal life was unlucky and she lived less but she had left a wealthy literary heritage after herself. Some part of her poetic heritage have been translated from Persian into Azerbaijan. However some of them haven’t been translated yet. She had looked at political and social events and she wasn’t afraid to express her opinion fearlessly.The life of the workers, women’s life were written thoroughly in her poetry. Her poetry was highly appreciated by. Contemporary authors of poetic heritage and subsequent researchers. She could express reader’s spirit either love theme or public theme and she could realize their real life.

HISTORICAL POEMS OF THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE OF AZERBAIJAN

The article analyzes the poems of the popular Azerbaijani poets Sabir Rustamkhanly and Nurangiz Gyun, who occupy a special place in modern Azerbaijani literature. The poem “Meeting with Orhan” by Sabir Rustamkhanly reflects the historical period of the formation of the Turkic ethnos. The work presented in fiction prose historical facts about the heroic pages of the formation of the great Turkic world, their genealogy, roots, and historical realities of Turkism. The work "Firefly" is dedicated to Mahmudali Chiraganly from South Azerbaijan, his fight against lawlessness and social injustice. Poems Nurangiz Gyun shows the course of the war and its impact on human life. The article also assesses the research of scientists who have determined their views on these works. An analysis of these works suggests that Azerbaijani writers and poets have always sought to embody the basic needs of people in artistic expression in their work. In the period of becoming independent, the first plan included issues of the integrity of the motherland and the problem of independence.

MINARETS AS EXISTENCE OF THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF AZERBAIJAN CITIES

Azerbaijan is a country of rich artistic and architectural heritage with the sources in remote past. The country has been at the crossroads of important trade routes, leading from Asia to Europe for long times. Islam spread on the territory of Azerbaijan in 7th -8th centuries. There were Muslim states on the territory of Azerbaijan such as Shirvanshahs with the capital in Shamakhi and Ravvadids (979-1054) with the capital Tabriz, Sheddadids (951- 1088) with the capital Ganja. At the same time, there were a large number of worshipers - Yaqut al-Hamavi (8th century), he noted that there were major temples of fire worshipers in the cities of South Azerbaijan (in present-day Iran), in Shize and Kazna. The main idea of this abstract is to show how different schools of architecture influenced to all minarets for mosques in all these territories. Arran, Shirvan-Apsheron, Nakhichevan and Tabriz architectural schools of Azerbaijan - four regional architectural schools have developed on the territory of Azerbaijan that were formed around major centers of the country. In the typology of Islamic architecture, we can establish the following structures of the group such as: the mosque; minaret, holy; madrasah; khanege, tekie. The minaret is one of the features of Islamic architecture. According to the principle of minaret locations we can distinguish different types of mosques with minarets here and the results of all these researches provide clear information about how these different schools influenced in the territory. Analysis of the planning and compositional features of Azerbaijan minarets revealed compositional differences of monuments around regions.