South Azerbaijan Research Articles

AZERBAIJAN NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHERN AZAERBAJIAN AND TURKISH PUBLIC OPINION

İkinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında İran'da Güney
 Azerbaycan’da Seyyid Cafer Pişevari başkanlığında “Azerbaycan Millî Hükümeti”
 kurulmuştur. Bu hükümetin kuruluşunu hazırlayan en önemli gelişme İran
 üzerindeki Alman-İngiliz mücadelesidir. Zira İngilizler Alman taraftarı olan
 Rıza Şah Pehlevi'yi görevden almak amacıyla Ağustos 1941'de İran'a girmişler ve
 oğul Muhammed Rıza'yı tahta oturtmuşlardır. Bunu fırsat bilen Ruslar da
 kuzeyden İran topraklarına dahil olarak 11 Eylül 1941 tarihinde Tebriz’i işgal
 etmişlerdir. Bu arada Cafer Pişevari liderliğindeki Azerbaycan Demokrat Partisi
 devreye girmiştir. Rusya'nın korumasında yapılan seçimler neticesinde 12 Aralık
 1945 tarihinde Azerbaycan Milli Hükümeti kurulmuştur. Fakat yaklaşık bir yıl
 sonra İran ordusundan evvel vatanseverler denilen milis birlikler 12 Aralık
 tarihinde Tebriz'e girmiş ve katliam yapmışlardır. Bu bildirinin amacı
 Azerbaycan Milli Hükümeti'nin ortaya çıkış süreci ve faaliyetlerini Türk basını
 çerçevesinde ele almaktır. Bu siyasi oluşuma Türk kamu oyununun yaklaşımını
 somut verilerle net bir şekilde tespit etmektir. İlaveten konu ile ilgili diğer
 kaynaklardan da yararlanılacaktır.

Web-based monitoring system using Wireless Sensor Networks for traditional vineyards and grape drying buildings

The quality of grapes and the drying process has a momentous impact on the quality of the final products (raisins). South Azerbaijan is the most important region for grape growing and raisin producing. However, the majority of the vineyards in the region are traditional, and the drying process is carried out in conventional structures that are not convenient. To increase the quality and productivity, it is necessary to modernize agricultural practices with reasonable cost suitable and affordable to traditional farming and farmers. To do this, the harsh environments and severe climate conditions of the vineyards and the drying buildings should be observed periodically to collect data. Wireless Sensor Networks are a key technology that can provide precise information, can update information, and can be a valuable resource to farmers to determine appropriate management practices. Using this technology, farmers can make real-time decisions such as scheduling irrigation periods, preventing diseases, choosing the right time for harvesting and so on. In this project, a Wireless Sensor Network system was designed and developed for remote real-time monitoring and collection of micrometeorological parameter data in three distant vineyards. The system was also used for monitoring the SO2 gas fumigation process and atmospheric parameters inside the drying structure. The system consists of a gateway and a series of peripheral wireless motes placed in the vineyards and inside the drying structure, which are equipped with agrometeorological sensors for environmental monitoring and for storing and transmitting data to the gateway. The gateway collects agrometeorological data and utilizes a wireless technology for data transmission and for communication between the motes and the central server (webpage). In addition, an on-line (real-time) warning system was embedded in the gateway to send alarm signals via SMS (Short Message Service). The devices were tested for software configuration functionality, hardware operation and data acquisition, energy consumption, and connectivity. Field experiment results demonstrated that the system represents a complete monitoring system, which provides efficient performance for developing information systems in precision viticulture.

Mineral chemistry of the ophiolitic peridotites and gabbros from the Serow area: Implications for tectonic setting and locating the Neotethys suture in NW Iran

The Serow ophiolite in NW Iran, located at the Iran-Turkey border, is composed of mantle sequence peridotites, predominantly lherzolitic-harzburgite with subordinate amounts of lherzolite and dunite, and a crustal sequence made from gabbros, diabases, pillow lavas and deep marine carbonates and radiolarite sediments. The rocks appear as a tectonic mélange. This ophiolitic complex forms part of the ophiolites marking a branch of Neotethys oceanic crust in NW Iran. The chemistry of olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in the lherzolitic-harzburgite and clinopyroxene in the gabbros suggests a supra-subduction setting for the ophiolite. The Serow ophiolite is similar to other ophiolites in NW Iran such as the Piranshahr, Naghadeh and Khoy and NE Turkey ophiolites in terms of the rock units, tectonic setting and age. The Serow ophiolite links the Iranian ophiolites from Baft in the SE through the South Azerbaijan suture to the Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture in the NW.

Multilocus species tree analyses resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae)

New analytical methods are improving our ability to reconstruct robust species trees from multilocus datasets, despite difficulties in phylogenetic reconstruction associated with recent, rapid divergence, incomplete lineage sorting and/or introgression. In this study, we applied these methods to resolve the radiation of toads in the Bufo bufo (Anura, Bufonidae) species group, ranging from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to Siberia, based on sequences from two mitochondrial and four nuclear DNA regions (3490basepairs). We obtained a fully-resolved topology, with the recently described Bufo eichwaldi from the Talysh Mountains in south Azerbaijan and Iran as the sister taxon to a clade including: (1) north African, Iberian, and most French populations, referred herein to Bufo spinosus based on the implied inclusion of populations from its type locality and (2) a second clade, sister to B. spinosus, including two sister subclades: one with all samples of Bufo verrucosissimus from the Caucasus and another one with samples of B. bufo from northern France to Russia, including the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas and most of Anatolia. Coalescent-based estimations of time to most recent common ancestors for each species and selected subclades allowed historical reconstruction of the diversification of the species group in the context of Mediterranean paleogeography and indicated a long evolutionary history in this region. Finally, we used our data to delimit the ranges of the four species, particularly the more widespread and historically confused B. spinosus and B. bufo, and identify potential contact zones, some of which show striking parallels with other co-distributed species.

Language policy and legislation in post-Soviet Azerbaijan

This paper examines the policy and legislative framework for the regulation of language in Azerbaijan. During the Soviet period, language issues were addressed in the Constitution. Post-independence language revival initiatives promoted laws, high status decrees, and official regulations, particularly in the sphere of status-building. The authors analyze post-Soviet language policy and language legislation from the perspective of both national and minority languages. To illuminate the ways in which language strategies are developed, laws covering various domains are examined and evaluated as reflections of the country’s political priorities, socio-economic tendencies and international relations. This paper also discusses the subject of policy implementation. Although the term “Azerbaijan” refers, mostly in popular parlance, also to the northern part of Iran (“South Azerbaijan”) populated by ethnic Azerbaijanis, in this paper the term will be used in reference to the post-Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, except in certain historical contexts.

A new nematophagous fungus, Candelabrella shahriari sp. nov., from south Azerbaijan

A new nematophagous-predacious hyphomycete, Candelabrella shahriari sp. nov., which captures nematodes by means of adhesive networks, is described and illustrated.