Ideological Sources Research Articles

EL NACIONALISMO FRANQUISTA. Catolicismo, antiliberalismo, fascismo

The regime of general Francisco Franco imposed a nationalist model from two ideological sources: the nationalcatholicism, an antiliberal proposal of the Catholic Church that identified Spain with catholicism; and the anti-liberal and fascist alternatives born in the heat of the European political-social crisis and Spanish of the First World War. The political model was strongly centralist, authoritarian and interventionist around Castile and the Castilian language, rejecting the other nationalist models. At the social level, the corporate proposal stood out by means of the compulsory framing of workers and businessmen in the Spanish Organización Sindical, the unique trade union of Francoism led by the unique party Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS

Ana Dili - Azərbaycançılığın əsas ideya qaynağı

The native language is the most valuable spiritual wealth that ensures the existence of the people, keeps its history, reflects its originality and unites its national thinking. Our native language is the source of the national ideology of our state and one of the main elements of azerbaijanism. The intelligentsia at all times came up with ways to protect and preserve this valuable spiritual wealth, tried to expand the scope of the language, and, of course, in this matter, the interests of the people were always taken into account. Using the poetic potential of our language, writers were able to create samples that correspond to the national character, spirit and history of the people.In this short article, we tried to consider a number of sources reflecting the native language, which is a powerful source of the idea of Azerbaijanism, formed both in sociopolitical and artistic thought, which affects the upbringing and morality of young people.

Tracing the Ideological Source of Traditional Official Ethics of Chinese Civil Servants’ Professional Ethics

Chinese traditional official ethics culture is an important part of traditional culture. The main ideas and concepts in traditional official ethics, such as “governance by virtue”, “loyalty to the emperor and patriotism”, “governance for the people”, “incorruptible and diligent governance”, and “self-cultivation” are also important references for the construction of modern Chinese civil servants' professional ethics. This paper aims to objectively analyze the main content of traditional official ethics and its historical limitations in a bid to explore the enlightenment of traditional official ethics construction to the development of modern civil servant professional ethics.

Сhinese “Harmony Culture” and Russian “Sobornost”

The article analyzes the similarity between the Chinese “Harmony Culture” and the Russian “Sobornost”, which are the core of the national traditional culture and remain active and radiate vitality in the new era. The first part of the article analyzes the origins and content of the concepts of “Harmony Culture” and “Sobornost”. The Chinese “Harmony Culture” dates to the eight trigrams in ancient times, advocates harmony, “All under heaven are of one family”, “Harmonious but different”, “Golden mean”, etc. The notion of “Sobornost” goes back to the cathedral or village community, advocates unity, solidarity, tolerance, cooperation. The second part of the article analyzes the manifestation of the concepts of “Harmony Culture” and “Sobornost” in modern societies. In modern China, “Harmony Culture” is embodied in the goal of building a “Harmonious Socialist Society” and in the diplomatic concept of building a “Community of Human Destiny”. In modern Russia, the “Sobornost” is embodied in Putin’s “idea of new Russia” and various policies to revive “Russian traditional culture”. There is a high coherence and correspondence between the two concepts, which is an important ideological source to deepening mutual understanding between Russia and China, steadily developing Sino-Russian relations in the new era and preserving long-term peace on earth. The Russian and Chinese governments will be able to find common ground and overcome their differences.

ЛІБЕРАЛІЗМ ЯК ІДЕЙНО-ПОЛІТИЧНА ОСНОВА ДЕМОКРАТІЇ

This article focuses on the essence, political content and forms of democracy. The principles and values of liberalism as ideological and political origins of democracy are revealed. There are analysed ideological sources and basic approaches to understanding democracy as a political value and the reasons for its actualisation in contemporary conditions. There are generalised principles and norms for creating and implementing rules for an all-encompassing and unlimited political dialogue in society and between states as a central idea of the value dimension of democracy.

«ВОСКРЕСНЫЕ ПИСЬМА» В.С. СОЛОВЬЁВА В РАКУРСЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ РЕЧЕВЫХ ЖАНРОВ М.М. БАХТИНА

The article analyzes the publicist work of the famous Russian philosopher V. S. Solovyov "Sunday Letters", which is rarely studied in the scientific literature, created in the last years of his life. Based on the main provisions of the concept of speech genres by M. M. Bakhtin, the author examines the context of the speech act organized by Solovyov, the publicist, the artistic and polemical components of the text, the nature of the use of "someone else's word" in the dialogue with the reader. The communicative perspective of research is quite rare in Solovyov studies. Combining the possibilities of literature studies and linguistics allowed us to see the literature material from a fundamentally new point of view and draw the following conclusions. Starting the publication of a series of his works in the newspaper " Rus’ ", Solovyov initiates a serious ongoing conversation with his compatriots about topical issues facing Russian society. The choice of the subject of speech, the genre form of public speech, the peculiarities of the presentation of the material were influenced by both the participants of the dialogue, the specifics of the journalistic sphere of communication, and the specific situation of speech communication, the epoch. Solovyov's apocalyptic premonitions led him to the idea of rallying fellow citizens on the eve of the coming universal upheavals, so in the "Sunday Letters" he did not so much polemize and insist on his vision of the truth, as he explained, convinced, pointed to important ideological sources (Bible, Russian classical poetry) that could help correct positions, carefully analyzed the response voices of readers-interlocutors. The large volume of "someone else's word" within the framework of the Solovyov publicist cycle confirms the orientation of its author to an open and equal dialogue with contemporaries.

Https://czasopisma.marszalek.com.pl/10-15804/swiat-idei-i-polityki/1074-siip2020/siip20201/7327-siip202001

In this paper an author state a hypothesis that political extremism in New Zealand is a permanent phenomena that is present in New Zealand, which derives itself from globalization processes and evolves as the effect of idea’s diffusion. System theory is used as a theoretical perspective and a priori assumption that political extremism deepen state-phobia is made. Research methods such as lexical analysis and comparative analysis are used. During the research main extremist political trends are reveal, such as leftist, rightist, pro-ecological, islamic and postcolonial, and „lone-wolf” extremism. These phenomenon are highlighted in the perspective of potential security threats to the state. Ideological sources of extreme attitudes are revealed and shown in the most current political trends.

School in the Soviet Painting of the 1950s: Pictorial Representation of Ideological Strategie

The main issue the paper concerns is the theoretical and cultural interpretation of the 1940- 1950s social realist art depicting the Soviet school. The study advocates for a closer attention of cultural studies to the intertwining phenomena of Soviet mundanity and politically-charged painting. Hypothetically, the interconnection could be attributed to the transformation of the Soviet culture as a whole, with the pedagogical model of Soviet school as one key institutional elements. As Soviet art represented the state political project, each topic and body served some ideological needs. Thus, the paper aims at clarifying the cultural functions school art played. The analysis is dedicated to the post-WW2 canvases, to the period of the late 1940s‒1950s in particular due to the basic shifts in socialist realist painting both in terms of form and essence, which paralleled social and political transformations. The visual studies’ approach to artistic objects adopted by the authors serves as methodological contribution to cultural studies closely connected to political history, as it highlights the ideological sources of Soviet school painting and implicit pedagogical strategies designed to implement the Soviet social policy. The article provides the examples of the most significant paintings concerning the issue. The study has revealed that the era of school art combined a significant feature of early Soviet art – monumental pathos (however, deprived of motifs connected with the Great patriotic war and the 1917 revolution) – with micro-level mundane topics, mostly labour episodes. What is particular about school as such a topic is the role this institution played in the Soviet anthropologic project. As early stages of education are proved to be the most efficient in accelerating a new type of a socialist person, a future Soviet worker, the school realm was the base of value and practices indoctrination. The state policy translated the societal needs and purposes into the art. Having examined the key ideological concepts of the Soviet culture being inherent in Soviet school painting, certain functions were discovered. School is firstly depicted just as a background of state apotheosis. Secondly, it is perceived as a sacral locus where one becomes a Soviet person is both rituals and practices. Thirdly, school art is used to explain the novel principles of constructing a new person – personal approaches combined with growing group responsibility. And, finally, all that contributes to depicting the character traits which pupils was supposed to develop at school.

Thomas Mann’s Moses and Sigmund Freud’s Moses and Monotheism in the context of ‘Germany’s suicide’

Written during his American ‘exile’ and depicting an alternative story of the prophet Moses, T. Mann’s little studied novella The Tables of the Law [Das Gesetz] (1943) is compared with S. Freud’s Moses and Monotheism [Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion] (1939), his last work completed before his death. The author traces a number of significant parallels: in particular, Moses’s origins in the highest classes of Egyptian society. Mann sees the figure of Moses in The Tables of the Law as one of the purest and most vivid embodiments of creative principles, going back to his own period of ‘playing Goethe.’ Moses is yet another of his powerful, harmonious and optimistic characters from the 1930s–1940s (Joseph in the four-part novel Joseph and His Brothers [Joseph und seine Brüder] or Goethe in Lotte in Weimar), with roots in the majestic Dutchman Peeperkorn from The Magic Mountain [Der Zauberberg] (1924). Instead of engaging in a direct polemic with corresponding ideological dogmata, the two books written by the giants of Germanspeaking culture in Nazi times reveal a profound examination of not fully recognized and therefore still dangerous sources of Nazi ideology on the mythological level in mankind’s collective unconscious.

Vývoj pojmu osoba v právu a jeho reflexe v ABGB a v občanském zákoníku z roku 2012

This study brings a comprehensive historical perspective on the development of the concept of a person in the legal sense in the territory of the Czech lands. This study deals with the philosophical definition of this term and examines the natural legal bases of this issue. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of the legal regulation of natural persons in the Civil Code if Austria (ABGB) which was enacted in 1811 and the Czech Civil Code from 2012. The authors of the new Civil Code designate as the ideological source of the recodification the draft of the Czechoslovak Civil Code from 1937, which was de facto modern revision of the ABGB, so it is important to take into account the relevant ABGB provisions when interpreting the new Civil Code. It is also reasonable to consider the historical origins of these provisions, while also examining how their interpretation has evolved over time.

Land of Tomorrow: Postwar Fiction and the Crisis of American Liberalism. Benjamin Mangrum. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. x+203.

<i>Land of Tomorrow: Postwar Fiction and the Crisis of American Liberalism</i>. Benjamin Mangrum. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. x+203.

Politics, violence and transgression in Finnish Rock Against Communism music: a cross-genre case study

ABSTRACT The Finnish far-right music scene has grown and become more ideological during the past ten years. Today there are more Rock Against Communism (RAC) bands whose messages are more political and ideological than those of old-school bands. One peculiarity of the Finnish white power music scene is that bands representing different genres, such as RAC, black metal and power electronics, often perform at the same events. Ideas and forms of expression spread between genres and, as this case analysis of the lyrics of the Finnish RAC band Vapaudenristi shows, genre crossing may result in novel but also paradoxical ideological combinations. In order to contextualize the reading of RAC lyrics, Kotonen’s article traces changes in Finnish white power music culture, and highlights the most important ideological sources of inspiration, among them the growing interest in the writings of Julius Evola.

The Role of Legal Doctrine in the Legal Practice of Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the place of legal doctrine among sources of law of Ukraine. In the context of the stated purpose, the retrospective path of evolution of the concept of legal doctrine is considered, the historical invariants of its existence as phenomena of legal reality are analyzed. In this connection, the place of legal doctrine in the legal practice of ancient Rome is analyzed, and its role in the formation of the universities of the Middle Ages. The subject of the study is the legal systems of England and the Muslim legal system. The views of scholars and practitioners of these countries on the functioning of legal doctrines as sources of law in these legal systems are given. At the same time, the views of contemporary individual scholars on these issues are highlighted, and the differences between them are studied. As a result of this analysis, the author's approach is proposed, which eliminates existing controversies. At the same time the theoretical issues of the sources of law are considered. The author joins the existing position in the legal science of those authors who distinguish the following sources of law: material (or social), ideal (ideological) and formal-legal. The first two groups are differentiated by meaningful criterion, the latter by the form of objectification. Material or social sources of law recognize social relations as their prototype (protopravno), ideological sources of law recognizes justice, and formally legal only those sources of law, which are recognized in a particular legal system (legal family) as official. In this regard, it is concluded that in the Anglo-Saxon system of law or the Muslim legal doctrine, among others, it is the official source of law, that is, the source of law in a formal legal sense. In the vast majority of countries in the Romano-German legal system, legal doctrine has become part of positive law, and therefore its use as an official source of law has become ancillary, in fact becoming an exception to the general rule. The need to include legal doctrine as an ideological source of law in the system of law of Ukraine is emphasized. Examples are given of the practice of law-making in the parliament of the country, where the lack of recognition of legal doctrine as a source of law leads to human rights violations. The fact that the ruling elite is not interested in implementing the legal doctrine in the legal system of Ukraine as a source of law is stated. The toxicity doctrine of political responsibility of elected officials (MPs, the President) is appropriately established. Instead, it is proposed to establish the legal responsibility of these officials. It is postulated that it is necessary to include legal doctrine in the sources of Ukrainian law as its ideological source. In this regard, amendments to the procedural codes of Ukraine (CPC, COD, CAS) are proposed to recognize the findings of law professionals as evidence in the case and to extend their competence to all contentious issues of law. Key words: Legal doctrine, the conclusion of a specialist in the field of law, the conclusion of scientific and legal expertise.

Western Liberalism At Twilight (?)

The chorus of doubts concerning the continued viability of the Western liberal tradition itself, in both ideational and institutional aspects, has grown much louder over the past several years. Can this tradition be said to be in a time of twilight – that time that falls? It is this question that would be explored in this paper. While searching the confirmation of the position, indicated in the title of the paper, author turns to contemporary ideological sources of Western liberalism. Such concepts as capitalism, socialism, justice, democracy are considered in this context based on the works of two thinkers, John Rawls and Fred Dallmayr. By stressing ideal justice and ignoring concrete injustice, Rawls’ ideas seem strange even apart from the present crisis. The subsequent evolution of his thoughts is estimated by the author as the transition from daylight to twilight. It has manifested in Rawls’ refusal to apply his principles of justice to the international arena, his condescending attitude toward underdeveloped countries. The atmosphere of The Law of Peoples is still redolent of the assumption of American hegemony. The author wishes to extract from Dallmayr’s book for present purposes is above all his commitment to a version of socialism. But what neither Dallmayr nor Rawls and other liberal thinkers will gainsay is that central to the twilight zone in which we are wandering is the heavy hand of global capitalism. The next problem is that the modern liberal democratic theory has always professed to make the assumption of equality, but it has never fully embraced it. The most important conceptual element in accounting for this failure is the notion of majority rule. The author mentions three difficulties with the idea of majority rule: the problem of time and the problem of the identity of the human units who compose the majority, and the problem of information. He analyzes the recent political evolutions of both the United Kingdom and the United States, and France as well, which have certainly given Western liberalism a badname in many quarters.

Constructing an Analytical Framework for Explaining Chinese Foreign Policy

An analytical framework is constructed to explain Chinese foreign policy, adopting a symbiotic neorealist–constructivist approach. Chinese foreign policy is influenced and shaped by a number of factors, which can be divided into two categories, conditioning and determining. While China’s geographical and geopolitical environment, power (physical, economic and military), philosophical traditions, historical experience, and communist ideology function as conditioning factors, its national interests and the personality traits and leadership styles of individual communist leaders serve as determining factors. While the conditioning factors provide physical conditions, power foundation and parameters, and the philosophical, historical and ideological sources of Chinese foreign policy, it is the determining factor that directly sets the direction and specific objectives of Chinese foreign policy and the approaches to achieve the nation’s foreign policy objectives.

Research on the Value of the Basic Principles of Marxism Based on Constructivism in the New Period

Marxism is the product of the times, which originates from profound economic and social roots, ideological sources and practical basis. The practical, revolutionary, scientific and open features of Marxism determine its timeless value. Today’s adherence to and development of Marxism in China are the mission of the Party, the needs of the country’s development and the expectations of the people’s life. Based on constructivism, this paper analyzes the connotation of the basic principles of Marxism, fully understands its development significance, and analyzes the value of Marxism in the new era from several aspects.

Law myth as a value basis of the law reality of Russia

The purpose of this article is an axiological research of the role of the law myth in the construction and functioning of the law reality of Russia. The methodological basis of the research is a postclassical paradigm, which focused on an interdisciplinary philosophical and law research of law phenomena in a broad historical and sociocultural context, and the corresponding socio-constructivist approach, which involving the research of law reality as a result of human subjective and intersubjective creative activity. One of the areas of human activity is the law myth, which plays a large role in the creation and functioning of law reality. Results: Axiological research of law myths allows to identify their theoretical and practical potential in the law life of a person and law reality. Each epoch has its own authoritarian and stable law myths, which are designed to create a certain image of law reality, which correlates with the value expectations of subjects of law consciousness and law culture. The law myth always has its core law value. The law myth appears as an internally-ordered imperative statement, which is aimed at the formation of a certain element of the image of law reality. Through law mythology, there is a legitimization of the processes taking place in society, primarily in the most normative spheres of society in politics and law. There is an attribution one or another meaning to social phenomena. Thus, law myths penetrate to legislation, acquiring the role of an ideological source of law. Identification of the myth by the law conscience turns it into a definite matrix, which serves as a standard for assessing the relevant law behavior. The law myth has a dichotomous nature. On the one hand, it is intended to interpret law reality. On the other hand, myths construct reality not only mentally, but also verbally.

The British Commonwealth as liberal international avatar: with the spines of Burke

ABSTRACT This article examines early twentieth-century British Commonwealth ideologies as historical precursors of empire-related Euroscepticism, with a particular focus on the thought of Reginald Coupland (1884–1952) and Alfred Zimmern (1879–1957). It shows that the liberal internationalists committed to advocating the Commonwealth, Coupland and Zimmern sought to promote an idealized view of the empire by portraying it as a harmonious and multiagency polity grounded in a supposed benign form of nationalism and internationalism. The essay also highlights a relatively disregarded ideological source of the British Commonwealth projects at the time: Edmund Burke. Coupland and Zimmern built on aspects of Burke’s thought – respectively, his account of trust and manners – to characterize their schemes for the empire. Moreover, such Burkean elements helped them to distinguish between the systems of their envisaged Commonwealth and Continental states, among others, Germany. The essay presents Coupland’s and Zimmern’s imperial projects as two significant cases of the incorporation of Burke’s thought into the early century British Commonwealth accounts.

Modern orders

The text attempts to reconstruct the major factors that shaped the modern economic, political and intellectual orders. Based on the assumption that the philosophical and ideological sources of the modern state were derived from social, economic and technological changes, the article explains how these changes were prepared in the modern age and how they influence development in the following 200 years. It also presents the ideas of dependencies between the rise of the modern state and capitalist economy. The conclusion presents the challenges connected with new means of communication, new trends in economy and new social expectations, as well as the role that may be played by academic circles in responding to these.

The ideological sources of totalitarianism in Plato’s philosophy

The ideological sources of totalitarianism in Plato’s philosophy