Source Language Text Research Articles

„Hál’ Istennek abban a könyvben, amibe belekezdtem, nincs Rezeda Kázmér...”

Functional cognitive linguistics and cognitive stylistics provide the linguistic background and methodological foundations of this paper. The most significant tenet of cognitive stylistics is the proposition that the formation of linguistic structures does not function merely as stylistic embellishments; instead, style represents an integral aspect of textual meaning. Names created by literary naming can be interpreted and analysed as defining elements of style. Following an introduction to the theory of language and style, the paper examines the fundamental issues of translating literary proper names. The most relevant question is whether it is necessary or possible to translate proper names in literary works. The following section presents an analysis of the significance of naming in Krúdy’s prose, followed by an examination of the main types of Krúdy’s names with ironic stylistic purpose. The third section analyses the German translations of Krúdy’s ironic names. In conclusion, it can be stated that the appropriate reproduction of Krúdy’s ironic names, which reflects the stylistic effect and meaning formation of the source language, is a particularly challenging task for translators. It is not uncommon to observe that connotational meanings and shades of meaning present in source language texts are not fully conveyed in translation. In certain instances, pre-existing linguistic coincidences (e.g., Hungarian Rezeda ‘reseda’ – German Reseda ‘reseda’) can assist in the translation process. In other cases, however, the translator’s professionalism, linguistic sophistication, and creativity are crucial to ensure such names’ accurate and effective translation.

Az epitheton ornansok Petőfi Sándor A helység kalapácsa című művében és fordításaiban

Observing literary names and fictional name translations is essential in applied onomastics, contrastive stylistics and literary comparatistics. This paper examines the significance and characteristic function of the proper names and epitheta ornantia in the mock epic poem entitled A helység kalapácsa [‘The Hammer of the Village’], both in the source language text and in the Russian and English translations of the poem. The Petőfi text contains a multitude of epitheta ornantia, either in conjunction with proper names in fixed noun constructions or dispersed throughout the text. The latter adjectives serve as substitutes for proper names. The Russian and English versions of the proper names with epitheta ornantia are mainly equivalent to the source language versions. The proper names are primarily unaltered. In Russian, they are either transliterated or translated in meaning. The epitheta ornantia are usually word-by-word translations, sometimes with additions or omissions.

Tinjauan Kedwibahasaan Buku Cerita Anak ‘The Foos’ dari Pandangan Metode Penerjemahan

Bilingual children's story books in Indonesian and English are now being published in Indonesia, providing them as reading options for mothers, caregivers, storytellers, and the children themselves. This study aims to analyze, identify, describe, and classify the forms of translation methods found in a bilingual children's storybook entitled 'The Foos' by Arleen Amidjaja, as well as to analyze the translation methods applied to determine the success in achieving equivalence of meaning in the target language (TL). This study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a documentation method. Employing text analysis, careful reading, and note taking techniques for research constitutes the stages of data collection. Text analysis uses Newmark's translation method theory with data sources from English texts as the source language text (SL) and Indonesian as the TL from the storybook 'The Foos.' The results of the analysis are presented in the form of a comparison of the two languages ​​, along with the results of identifying SL and TL text translation techniques. The interpretation of the identification results is then presented in the form of a descriptive presentation by considering the translation techniques of the identification results. The results of this study indicate that 12 translation method data are oriented to the SL, and eight are oriented to the TL. The translation techniques that are often used are semantic and communicative translation techniques. There are no faithful, adaptation, or idiomatic translation techniques because the children's storybook 'The Foos' does not have proverbial sentences or other foreign language terms. The SL uses simple sentence structures and vocabulary. The translation method that is oriented to the SL with semantic and communicative translation techniques is effective for translating children's storybooks, ensuring that readers understand the content of the stories.

PENGGUNAAN METODE JIGSAW DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH TRANSLATION UNTUK MENGHASILKAN KEEFEKTIFAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN TERJEMAHAN

Translation learning is a complex process that requires a profound understanding of both the source and target languages. This study aims to explore the use of the Jigsaw method in the context of translation course learning, with a focus on enhancing students' effectiveness in completing translations. The Jigsaw method is a cooperative learning approach where students work in small groups to understand parts of the material and then take responsibility for teaching that material to other group members. This study integrates the Jigsaw method into translation learning by utilizing complex and varied source language texts. Students are divided into small groups and assigned tasks to study specific sections of the text to be translated. After thoroughly understanding their respective sections, they regroup with other members who have studied different parts. Through collaboration and discussion, students exchange information and discuss translation strategies. The results of this study indicate that the use of the Jigsaw method significantly enhances students' effectiveness in completing translations. Collaboration among students allows for the exchange of ideas and strategies that can improve their understanding of the source text and produce more accurate and detailed translations. Additionally, through this cooperative learning process, students also develop important social and communication skills essential in the translation profession.

The Rhetorical Uneasiness: A Study of Rebecca Whittington’s Translation of Jibanananda Das’s Malloban

This paper aims to explore the translation of socio-cultural and rhetorical nuances of language between Bangla and English with a case of the translation of Jibanananda Das’s 1973 novel Malloban by Rebecca Whittington in 2022. The act of translating such a rich and culturally nuanced text poses substantial challenges, as it involves the delicate balance of preserving the essence of the source text while making it accessible to a new linguistic and cultural context. In the process, the translator, whose native language is American English, is led to straddle domestication and exoticism, thus creating linguistic, semiotic, and syntactic variations in her rendition of the source language text. This paper attempts to assess the fidelity of the translation to the original work while scrutinizing the translator’s choices in capturing the intricate wordplay, colloquial expressions, metaphors, and narrative subtleties that are hallmarks of Jibanananda Das’s writing. This paper also examines the instances where the translation may inadvertently alter or dilute the original text’s impact and the implications of such alterations for readers of the translated work. Furthermore, this study delves into the emotional and cognitive dimensions of bilingual reading.

Translation Equivalence Degrees among Indonesian EFL Undergraduate Students

PurposeThe way to produce an equivalent translation text appears hard that every translation work should engage with diverse language and cultural systems. The issues are expected to affect both translation students and professional translators. Therefore, this current work aims to discover in-depth information about translation equivalence degrees among Indonesian EFL undergraduate students.MethodThis study employed qualitative content analysis. The research data included documentation of the translation texts from English into the Indonesian language, which resulted in 22 students majoring in English education at a public university in Banten Province, Indonesia. The source language texts were derived from the news-item texts published in national newspapers. The data analysis procedure comprised comparing the two texts, classifying, discussing, drawing conclusions, and making interpretations. Results/findingsThe study of the translation texts revealed that 11 texts (50%) referred to near-optimal translation, six texts (27%) to partial translation, and five texts (23%) to poor translation.ConclusionGiven that none of the students' translation outputs achieved the optimal equivalency; this conclusion suggests that students' translation knowledge and skills still need to be improved by regular practice and discussion at each translation course meeting.

C-E Translation Analysis of the Article Artistic Characteristics of Opera Character Paper-Cuts in Xinjiang in the CEA Framework

The Chinese government promotes the spreading of Chinese culture worldwide to enhance the soft power of China internationally. In this circumstance, translation of folk culture holds great significance since it constitutes an integeral part of cultural heritage, and through translation, a wider audience can appreciate these diverse cultures in different areas of China and better understand the Chinese culture in general. Based on the background of rural cultural reconstruction and the urgent situation of inheriting the precious intangible cultural heritage, the student translator took the article On the Artistic Characteristics of Opera Character paper-cuts in Xinjiang Area of Shanxi Province as the source text for her translation project. The framework of “Comprehension, Expression and Adaptation” is chosen to analyse the translation process: how the translator solved the problems encountered in understanding the text in source language, expressing the similar meaning in target language and adaptations made to bridge the cultural gap between the two languages.

Language and Translation in Death is Hard Work by Leri Price

Language is a system of communication in speech and writing that is used by the people of certain part of the area. Translation is the communication of the meaning from source-language text by means of an equivalent or target-language text. The system of sounds and writing that human beings use to convey their thoughts, ideas and feelings. Language is a medium of communication where Literature is the mirror of human life, when it both combines together we get to know what the entire society was created in the past, and currently in the present and in the upcoming future. Language plays a vital role in the Society in terms of education and uplifting the knowledge of every human being, and it also plays a crucial role in everyone’s life in terms of Surviving in society. A translator always takes risks without noticing and introducing source-language words, grammar, or structure into the target-language perception.Literature shows the lifestyle of the people in the past, not only the lifestyle but also the human behavior where the psychological part takes place. The fact is many of them missed those things and that predicts modernization is the fashion not the values of human behavior.

Strategies of rendering non-verbal components in multimodal constructions comprising nationally-biased lexical units (based on British political video interviews and debates)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research exploring non-verbal components observed in modern British political texts across two video genres, particularly focusing on the rendering of nationally-biased units. The emphasis lies on the phenomenon of realization of non-verbal speechcomponents in Ukrainian translations of political discourse texts and the claim that the strategy of rendering significantly depends on the emotional pattern of the presented material, such as interviews and political debates. Each genre of the political discourse has unique parameters for conveying informationto the interlocutor. Since the communicative aim differs in each of the presented genres, an interpreter encounters challenges in grasping the gist of the main idea in the utterance. Notably, non-verbal components of a communicative act are considered as the confounding factor in choosing the appropriate strategy of source language text translation. This article also investigates features of non-verbal communication, aiming to create a novel paradigm for rendering non-verbal components. To achieve this objective, the author analyses videos of two video genres such as interviews and political debates featuring nationallymarked lexicon of Great Britain. The study concludes that the genre-specific nature of multimodal texts is the contributing factor in selecting the suitable strategy for rendering discourse as a semantic unity. Specifically, the author considers two ways of non-verbal lexical units representation including subtitling and stenographic description and suggests “The Code of Subtitling” comprising criteria of subtitles creation, namely: accuracy, timing, length and readability, punctuation and grammar, speaker identification, handling accents and dialects, capturing audience reaction, censorship and sensitivity, font style and size and localisation. It is proved that the use of non-verbal components in multimodal constructions comprising nationally-biased units poses difficulties for translators and interpreters, who are therefore required to possess skills in understanding cultural awareness, empathy and a profound knowledge of both the source and target languages.

Translation: Practicing Rewriting in Context

Translation serves to provide a natural context in which a translator practices the role of a second writer. This natural writing environment accumulates the experience as well as the expertise of applying various translation and linguistic theories to tackle textual problems, being them lexical, semantic, cultural or merely grammatical. Translation is the only field in which two languages are consciously and unconsciously practiced at the whole levels throughout the translation activity. Written texts that require translation ought to be understood by translators as the starting point for the rewriting (translation) process. Translation, then, can be handled as a writing practice that makes use of the appropriate translation techniques and procedures, observing contextual differences. Translators write in almost every field, from simple to highly specialized texts. In translation, translators rewrite the Source Language Text in a Target Language that projects their competence in that TL, provided that they must thoroughly understand the respective ST; maintaining some sort of relevance or similarity between their reproduced TT, and its corresponding ST. This paper emphasizes the usefulness of translation practice in enhancing writing competence in various writing settings.

Translation Dynamics: From Duality to Integration

The field of translation unfolds as a complex narrative, weaving together triumphs and tribulations, often overshadowed by instances of rejection. Translation, as an act, has undergone significant evolution, transcending mere language transfer. Modern perspectives emphasize the imperative integration of the source language author, text, translator, and recipient of the target language text, seamlessly interwoven. This integration hinges on the translator’s utilization of various competencies and methodologies to acquire, retain, and effectively apply information. To navigate the intricacies of translation, scholars have devised numerous strategies and procedures to dissect the points at which translation shifts occur. Despite the diversity of approaches and the resulting terminological confusion, the field remains dynamic and ever-evolving. The quest for a universal theory of translation persists, marking an ongoing journey in this complex and multifaceted realm.

The Study Of Metaphor Categories And The Translation Strategies Metaphors In Twilight

This paper discusses the metaphor categories and the translation strategies that are used in Twilight (2005) novel using Newark’s (1988) theory of metaphor categories and Larson’s (1984) theory of metaphor translation strategies. The acquired data consist of verbal data from Source Language (SL) text and Target Language (TL) text from both novels. This study is a qualitative study with note-taking technique library research, and observation. The library research and observation were applied to obtain information and evidence about the metaphor categories and the translation strategies used by the translator. The data then collected and noted using the note-taking technique, and there were 264 data gathered from SL and TL text which then analyzed to determine the categories and translation strategies of the metaphors. The analysis of the data then showed that dead metaphor is the main category that are found in SL and TL text with 172 data in SL text and 136 data in TL text. The next categories found is stock metaphor with 61 data in SL and 36 data in TL text, followed by cliché metaphor with 31 data in SL and 26 data in TL. There were no original, adapted, and recent metaphor categories found from the gathered data. In terms of metaphor translation strategies, there are four strategies used by the translator to translate metaphor as follows: (1) 150 data found translated using the strategy of metaphor/simile to metaphor/simile with the same image, (2) 9 data found translated using metaphor to simile strategy, (3) 56 data found translated by using metaphor to metaphor in the receptor language strategy, and (4) 150 data found translated using the strategy of metaphor to non-figurative language. The determination of metaphor categories and the translation strategies can help both the translator and the receptor language readers in a way that the categorization of the metaphor may assist the translator consider the most appropriate strategy to translate figurative language. Moreover, using the appropriate translation strategy can contribute to the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the translation receptor language readers.

Underlying Linguistic Problems Experienced by Translators in Translating the Qurʾānic Arabic l-ḥazana' الْحَزَن Words Into English: A Comparative Study

In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the underlying linguistic problems experienced by three notable translators: Abdel Haleem (2004), Khan and AL-Hilali (1996), and Pickthall (1930) when rendering the Qurʾānic الْحَزَن l-ḥazana' words into English, and to identify the types of semantic loss produced by their renderings. Corpus-based research was conducted as the study examined three renditions of the Holy Qur’an that were sourced from the Qurʾānic Arabic Corpus (QAC) and books of Qurʾānic translation of the abovementioned translators. Based on the descriptive analytical approach, the researchers analyzed the underlying linguistic problems encountered by the aforementioned translators. Findings showed that the linguistic problems encountered when translating the Qurʾānic الْحَزَن l-ḥazana' words into English are the result of the linguistic gap arising from the cultural differences between the two source language text(Arabic) and target language text( English). Divergences in and loss of meaning are inevitable when translating the Holy Qurʾān into English in general and Qurʾānic الْحَزَن l-ḥazana' words in particular. It was also found that Arabic Qurʾānic الْحَزَن l-ḥazana' words are associated with distinctive rhetorical devices, literary style, and elegant technique which cannot be captured faithfully in English translations.

THE TRANSLATION SHIFT OF TRANSLATING ADVERB MANNER WTH SUFFIX –LY FROM ENGLISH AS THE SOURCE LANGUAGE INTO INDONESIAN AS THE TARGET LANGUAGE (CASE STUDY OF TRANSLATING NOVEL” PIT PENDULUM” BY EDGAR ALAN POE INTO “JURANG DAN PENDULUM” BY MAGGIE TIOJAKIN)

Translating is a process of transferring meaning from the SL forms of words, phrases, clauses and sentences to the TL forms. In translating source language text (English) into target language text (Indonesian) will find some problems because of the different grammatical rules between them. One of the problems occur when translating English adverb of manner with suffix –ly into Indonesian is how to change the form of English adverb of manner with suffix -ly into Indonesian adverb of manner since both languages have different grammar system of adverb of manner. This research focused on what kinds of shifts occur when translating adverb of manner sih suffix –ly in Poe’s work entitle “Pit Pendulum” into Indonesian “Jurang dan Pendulum” by Maggie Tiojakin. The results of analysis were described not in number but in form of narration qualitatively. The results showed that the Unit shift, structure shift, class shift and intra- system shift occurred in translating passive voice of English as SL to Indonesian as TL.

Pragmatic Competence in Political Discourse Interpreting

The paper aims to give a comprehensive account of translation strategies for English-Ukrainian interpretation of Joseph R. Biden’s speech in Poland. Political speeches serve as a multi-purpose tool, shaping people’s consciousness and reinforcing political practices and firmly held beliefs. Therefore, the appropriate translation methods are needed to retain such a communicative effect on the recipient audience. Political discourse interpreting requires a high level of pragmatic competence, and interpreters must have the skills and knowledge to effectively convey the speaker’s intended meaning in a culturally and linguistically appropriate way. The current research is based on the semiotic and communicative-pragmatic approaches to the study of political discourse interpreting. In this regard, the comparative method and contextual analysis proved efficient in comparing the source language text with the target one. The study results show that interpreting political discourse sets to provoke similar reactions in the source and target text addresses. The studied speech in English is abundant in stylistic devices and expressive means to exert a pragmatic effect. It has been proven that linguo-stylistic features are retained in the interpreted message by incorporating formal correspondences and various transformations. The interpreter of the political speech in question has the ability to adjust the language, style, and delivery of the interpreted message to fit the cultural and linguistic context of the target audience.

Effect of Diacritics on Machine Translation Performance: A Case Study of Yemeni Literature

Many Arabic texts are written without diacritics. However, in some contexts this raises the high level of homography and in turn presents difficulties for machine translation programs. Homographs are words which are spelled identically but have different meanings and are mostly pronounced differently. To avoid the problem of homography, words require to be diacriticized. Thus, the main objective of the study is to assess the ability of machine translation (henceforth MT) in rendering diacritical words from Arabic into English with special reference to translating Yemeni literature into English. This study will also compare the translations of three MT programs, namely, (Reverso, Systran Translate and Free Translation Online) to find out which program is close to the original meaning of the source language texts. Further, the study aims to identify some causes that stand behind errors of translating diacriticized words that result from the mentioned programs. To achieve these aims, descriptive, analytical and comparative methods were followed by the researcher. Thus, the three common and modern MT programs, Reverso, Systran and Free Translation Online were selected to translate some diacriticized words. Then, some excerpts with their contexts were taken from the two Yemeni works, The Hostage (Ar-rahinah) (???????) by the Yemeni famous writer Zayd Muttee Dammaj and the Yemeni book Yemeni Wealth from Popular Proverbs ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? by the Yemeni writer Muhammad Al-Adimi. The chosen samples were inserted into these MT programs to be electronically translated and then analyzed and discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study has concluded that MT encountered the problem of diacritics in Arabic texts; as a result most of the time MT programs failed in recognizing diacritics on letters. Thus, most of the programs' translation results were incorrect and did not concord with the original meaning. It can also be concluded that Free Translation Online program produced the least errors of the three programs and Systran mistranslated all the diacriticized excerpts. These errors can be attributed to absence of programs which contain the diacritic system of Arabic.

Improving End-to-End Speech Translation by Leveraging Auxiliary Speech and Text Data

We present a method for introducing a text encoder into pre-trained end-to-end speech translation systems. It enhances the ability of adapting one modality (i.e., source-language speech) to another (i.e., source-language text). Thus, the speech translation model can learn from both unlabeled and labeled data, especially when the source-language text data is abundant. Beyond this, we present a denoising method to build a robust text encoder that can deal with both normal and noisy text data. Our system sets new state-of-the-arts on the MuST-C En-De, En-Fr, and LibriSpeech En-Fr tasks.

European Parallel Traditions on Textual Studies apropos Translation Act in Indian Contexts: Charles Bally and Successors of Saussure

Comparative language studies have yielded various interesting results towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. European thinkers have worked a lot on areas which have provided the basis for later frameworks for textual analysis and critical study. This kind of textual study has impacted the frameworks of Translation Studies for comparative analysis of parallel texts between a pair of languages. The translation processes and training have been designed on the basis of the categories drawn from the comparative stylistic studies between the language pairs. By ‘translation act’, we understand here the fundamental stylistic categories which help us refine the translation skills while translating a text. This paper aims at understanding such impact on the textual analysis frameworks as used in the Translation Studies. The paper focuses especially on the writings of Charles Bally in the context of text analysis of the source and target language texts. The writings of Charles Bally and some related writings of Saussure are not readily available in English.1 Considering these writings the parallel 1 The book titled Course in General Linguistics is a book posthumously edited by eminent linguists Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. The books originally written by Saussure like Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues Indo-Europèennes or related writings like Godel Robert, Notes inédites de Saussure are not available in English. Most of the writings of Saussure remain untranslated into English. These writings are important as they inform us about the methodology that Saussure employed in developing the understanding that is often presented to us. Course in General linguistics remains very sketchy in several aspects of Saussure’s theories. For information, the following sites may be consulted for further reading: 1. Godel Robert, Notes inédites de Saussure, this text is not available on internet archives. However, its reference can be found in several publications like European Parallel Traditions… 89 traditions of Europe, we explore the possibility of implementing the ideas of these traditions on the study of language pairs (English and Hindi) in the context of translation act. This implementation of these ideas for studying the language pairs for getting the principles regarding the translation act requires a comparative stylistic study between the pair of languages on which a translator is working. In this paper, the examples for illustrating the theoretical aspects of comparative stylistics discussed have been given from the language pair Hindi and English.

Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Family Guy: Challenges in Dubbing and Subtitling L3 Varieties of Spanish

Multilingualism and multiculturalism are verbally and visually recurrent in the sitcom Family Guy (1999-in production) through a combination of a main language of communication (L1) and other languages (L3) in the source language (SL) or source text (ST). The use of L3 is tantamount to tokenism and stereotyping characters, especially those whose recurrence is incidental and part of jokes. This paper compares two versions of the episode “Road to Rhode Island” (American and Spanish DVDs) and addresses a scene to analyze the linguistic challenges and lexical choices in dubbing and subtitling L1 and L3 in two geographical varieties of Spanish: Latin American Spanish and Peninsular Spanish. In this regard, this study focuses on the role and function of L3 in translation, the techniques to represent L3 in translation, L1 and L3 translation techniques, and which techniques are used in translation. Overall, this paper explores how the Spanish DVD adds a new L3 in the target text (TT) to maintain its original function in subtitling and dubbing, and the differences in the American DVD: L3TT omission in subtitling and L3TT change of function and meaning in dubbing, which ultimately accentuates linguistic and cultural misrepresentation and stereotypes.

Comparative Analysis of Arabic-Indonesian and Arabic-English Translation Techniques in The Al-Hikam Aphorism

This study examines the translation techniques used in the Arabic, Indonesian, and English languages. One of the studies in textual equivalence involves the translation of the information structure of Themes (starting point of speech) and Rheme (new information). Mapping the structure of the Themes and Rheme in the source language text (SL) will assist the translator in determining the flow of information and identifying the type of genre in both the source and the target text. Thus, the research problems can be stated as follows: (1) what the form of information structure is in Al-Hikam aphorisms, and (2) how to apply translation techniques in Al-Hikam aphorisms. The results show that Arabic-to-Indonesian and Arabic-to-English aphorism translations employ a variety of translation techniques. There are 1,169 different translation techniques utilised in Al-Hikam aphorisms (Arabic to Indonesian). Meanwhile, the number of translation techniques in Al-Hikam aphorisms (Arabic – English) amount to 962. On the other hand, the dominance of established equivalent techniques in Arabic – Indonesian and Arabic – English translations indicates that there are many terms or expressions that have been recognised in the dictionary or are commonly used to achieve equivalence from the source language to the target language, thereby increasing the readability of aphorism. The results of macro level data analysis indicate that translation of Al-Hikam’s aphorisms in Arabic - Indonesian and Arabic - English tends to be oriented towards the target language and adopts the ideology of domestication.