Aerogels are commonly used in the fields of thermal insulation, sound insulation, adsorption, optical devices, and electrode materials. However, traditional aerogels suffer from poor structural stability and mechanical performance. Herein, we proposed a method in extracting fibers from hemp stems to prepare hydrophobic, thermal insulating and superelastic aerogels. The suspension of bleached hemp fibers (BHF), chitosan, and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) is assembled into the network structure of aerogel by freeze-drying method. Because of the cross-linking between BHF, chitosan and MTMS, the material exhibited excellent properties. The aerogel demonstrated excellent compression performance, quickly recovering even when applied with 80 % compressive strain and maintaining 80 % of its original shape after 100 compression cycles. Furthermore, the aerogels demonstrated outstanding thermal insulation property; the thermal conductivity is only 0.01873 ± 0.0004 W/m·K. In addition, the aerogel exhibited excellent hydrophobic properties, with a water contact angle of approximately 130°. The superior properties of aerogel enable it to withstand complex external environments. In this study, we aim to provide new ideas and methods for resource reuse and the preparation of bio-based aerogels.