Solution Of Game Research Articles

Integrated design of aerodynamic and anti-flutter performance of offshore wind turbine airfoil based on full information cooperative game method

Given the difficulty in balancing aerodynamic and anti-flutter performance when developing large offshore wind turbine blades, and the fact that traditional game algorithms can only obtain a single game solution, this paper proposes a full information cooperative game method based on the multi-objective game idea. The proposed method can obtain a series of game solution sets that are close to the Pareto frontier. The proposed method combined with the Hicks-Henne function is used to optimize the DU25 airfoil to improve its aerodynamic and anti-flutter performance. The results show that compared with the original airfoil, the lift-drag ratio of the airfoil is increased by 17.29% and the polar moment of inertia is increased by 13.99%. In addition, airfoils with a relative thickness of 23%–28% are redesigned using the proposed method combined with the class function/shape function transformation parameterization method, which offers an effective and novel idea for designing new airfoils and provides more safe, efficient, diverse airfoils for the designers of offshore wind turbine blades. The results also show that this method can be applied to many other problems in engineering design.

Multi-timescale interaction of a coupled electricity-hydrogen-gas system with a distribution network considering dynamic games

The large-scale access of new energy sources to distribution networks has led to its safe and stable operation. Therefore, this study considers a multi-timescale interaction of a coupled electricity-hydrogen-natural gas (EHG) system with a distribution grid for dynamic games. First, a multifaceted interaction mechanism between the coupling system and the distribution network balancing service mechanism, demand response service mechanism, and frequency regulation service mechanism was designed. Furthermore, an interaction framework between the coupled system and the distribution network was proposed, and a three-level time-scale interaction strategy between the distribution network and the coupled system was constructed considering the dynamic game in the medium- and long-term, short-term, and ultrashort terms. Subsequently, the presence and uniqueness of the interactive equilibrium solution of the dynamic game was proven. Finally, a region was used as an example for arithmetic analysis. The results of the calculation example indicate the following: 1) the ranges of interaction deviation under the medium-to long-term, short-term, and ultra-short-term time scales are [-3.76%, 2.84%], [-2.37%, 1.43%], and [-0.43%, 0.87%], respectively, indicating that the interaction deviation between the coupling system and the distribution grid can be reduced via adjusting and correcting the medium-to long-term, short-term, and ultra-short-term time scales. 2) Compared with the scenario in which only a single service is provided, the distribution network operation cost in the present study decreased by 15.92% and the revenue increased by 30.59%, signifying that the coupling system and distribution network diversification mechanism can expand revenue channels. 3) Compared with Scenario 1, without considering the cost of energy storage loss, and Scenario 3, with a single energy storage configuration, the actual service life of the battery in this study was the longest, 23.72% longer than Scenario 1, and 47.90% longer than Scenario 3, revealing that hybrid energy storage can achieve coordinated optimization and optimal allocation of resources at different time scales. 4) The interaction between the distribution network and coupling system, considering dynamic games, can form a fair price and guide to improved interaction between the distribution network and coupling system.

Sensor-Controlled Digital Game for Heart Failure Self-management: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among older adults in the United States. There are substantial racial and geographic disparities in HF outcomes, with patients living in southern US states having a mortality rate 69% higher than the national average. Self-management behaviors, particularly daily weight monitoring and physical activity, are extremely important in improving HF outcomes; however, patients typically have particularly low adherence to these behaviors. With the rise of digital technologies to improve health outcomes and motivate health behaviors, sensor-controlled digital games (SCDGs) have become a promising approach. SCDGs, which leverage sensor-connected technologies, offer the benefits of being portable and scalable and allowing for continuous observation and motivation of health behaviors in their real-world contexts. They are also becoming increasingly popular among older adults and offer an immersive and accessible way to measure self-management behaviors and improve adherence. No SCDGs have been designed for older adults or evaluated to test their outcomes. This randomized clinical trial aims to assess the efficacy of a SCDG in integrating the behavioral data of participants with HF from weight scale and activity tracker sensors to activate game progress, rewards, and feedback and, ultimately, to improve adherence to important self-management behaviors. A total of 200 participants with HF, aged ≥45 years, will be recruited and randomized into 2 groups: the SCDG playing group (intervention group) and sensor-only group (control group). Both groups will receive a weight scale, physical activity tracker, and accompanying app, whereas only the intervention group will play the SCDG. This design, thereby, assesses the contributions of the game. All participants will complete a baseline survey as well as posttests at 6 and 12 weeks to assess the immediate effect of the intervention. They will also complete a third posttest at 24 weeks to assess the maintenance of behavioral changes. Efficacy and benefits will be assessed by measuring improvements in HF-related proximal outcomes (self-management behaviors of daily weight monitoring and physical activity) and distal outcomes (HF hospitalization, quality of life, and functional status) between baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 24. The primary outcome measured will be days with weight monitoring, for which this design provides at least 80% power to detect differences between the 2 groups. Recruitment began in the fall of 2022, and the first patient was enrolled in the study on November 7, 2022. Recruitment of the last participant is expected in quarter 1 of 2025. Publication of complete results and data from this study is expected in 2026. This project will generate insight and guidance for scalable and easy-to-use digital gaming solutions to motivate persistent adherence to HF self-management behaviors and improve health outcomes among individuals with HF. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05056129; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05056129. DERR1-10.2196/45801.

Evolutionary Carrier Selection for Shared Truck Delivery Services

With multiple carriers in a logistics market, customers can choose the best carrier to deliver their products and packages. In this paper, we present a novel approach of using the stochastic evolutionary game to analyze the decision-making of the customers using the less-than-truckload (LTL) delivery service. We propose inter-related optimization and game models that allow us to analyze the vehicle routing optimization for the LTL carriers and carrier selection for the customers, respectively. The stochastic evolutionary game model incorporates a small perturbation of customers' decision-making which exists due to irrationality. The solution of the stochastic evolutionary game in terms of stochastically stable states is characterized by using the Markov chain model. The numerical results show the impact of carriers' and customers' parameters on the stable states.

중학생 R&E 지도 사례

This is a case study of R&E instruction for middle school students in Science Gifted Education Center who explored the winning solution of the NIM game, a type of two-person finite turn-based fixed complete information game, and modified the game. It is not difficult for middle school students to understand the solution of the NIM game and solve the problem while obtaining the logical sum expressed in binary. However, unlike the enrichment course, R&E education for gifted students explores new mathematical properties beyond the given problem-solving method, and experiences the rediscovery of principles, reinvention of forms, and re-creation of games through various transformations (making, development). We should be able to guide them through these methods. As a result of re-creation mathematics through recreational activities, students created a modified NIM game that extended it in addition to several known modified NIM games. The results of this study can be used for the development of modified NIM games and will be helpful for teaching R&E in the secondary school course.

Pareto efficiency as alternative to Nash equilibrium in competitive discrete location under delivered pricing

We address the facility location problem for firms that sell an homogeneous product and compete on delivered prices. If the firms set equilibrium prices at each market, the problem can be seen as a location game for which there exists a Nash equilibrium if demand is inelastic. However, this equilibrium may be Pareto-inefficient and the firms could decide to collude if they can guarantee themselves higher payoffs than those prescribed by the equilibrium. The aim of this paper is to study the joint profit maximization problem to obtain a collusive solution of the location game (Pareto-efficient) and determine if such a solution is also a Nash equilibrium. We develop Integer Linear Programming models to find Pareto-efficient solutions for multiple and single facility location. Nash equilibria are obtained by the best response procedure. An empirical investigation is performed to compare the joint profit of the firms and the profit of each one of the firms, got through the Pareto-efficient locations, with those got through the Nash equilibrium.

Potentials and solutions of cooperative games with a fixed player set

Potentials and solutions of cooperative games with a fixed player set

On the structure of core solutions of discontinuous general cooperative games

On the structure of core solutions of discontinuous general cooperative games

Distributed Adaptive Nash Equilibrium Solution for Differential Graphical Games.

This article investigates differential graphical games for linear multiagent systems with a leader on fixed communication graphs. The objective is to make each agent synchronize to the leader and, meanwhile, optimize a performance index, which depends on the control policies of its own and its neighbors. To this end, a distributed adaptive Nash equilibrium solution is proposed for the differential graphical games. This solution, in contrast to the existing ones, is not only Nash but also fully distributed in the sense that each agent only uses local information of its own and its immediate neighbors without using any global information of the communication graph. Moreover, the asymptotic stability and global Nash equilibrium properties are analyzed for the proposed distributed adaptive Nash equilibrium solution. As an illustrative example, the differential graphical game solution is applied to the microgrid secondary control problem to achieve fully distributed voltage synchronization with optimized performance.

Players’ dummification and the dummified egalitarian non-separable contribution value

This paper introduces a new solution for cooperative games, called dummified egalitarian non-separable contribution (DENSC) value. This value is obtained by minimizing the variance of so-called dummified grand complaints of coalitions, and is characterized in term of the axioms on players’ dummification.

Machine learning driven extended matrix norm method for the solution of large-scale zero-sum matrix games

Machine learning driven extended matrix norm method for the solution of large-scale zero-sum matrix games

Игрофикация учебно-воспитательного процесса вузов

Training of highly qualified specialists in modern conditions requires gamification of the educational process itself in higher education. The article is aimed at substantiating the need to expand the field of game practice in the system of higher education by including gamification of the educational process of universities and outlining the conceptual foundations of the author’s innovative method of organizing the educational and educational process in the system of higher education VIRTUOZ (‘Variable Game Solution of Difficult Educational Tasks’). The article provides a detailed review of the subject field of scientific publications of domestic and foreign researchers on games and game practices in higher education, which showed that they comprehensively consider gamification in higher education, with attention to various types of games. However, the problem of gamification of the educational and upbringing process itself, the tasks solved by it before the author, no one in the Russian Federation and abroad has investigated and implemented in practice. The author substantiates that it is advisable to gamify the organization of educational activities of the university in order to make this process meet the requirements of the transformation of national education, deeper and more justified. The VIRTUOZ method is designed to help in the effective formation of competencies in solving the corresponding specific task: writing a WRC, undergoing practical training and others. The uniqueness of the project lies, first of all, in the fact that it involves the comprehensive interaction of all participants in the educational process; is implemented on the basis of the results of a sociological survey on a particular problem to identify the most difficult tasks; simulates the game situation, based on the specifics of the university, the subject and other factors; ensures effectiveness for all participants in the educational process. The VIRTUOZ project makes extensive use of end-to-end technologies and digital tools. The VIRTUOZ method opens the way for the development and implementation of other innovative game methods for organizing the educational process in higher education.

Cooperative Games Based on Coalition Functions in Biform Games

In this paper, we try to study a class of biform games with the coalition function from the cooperation of players. For this purpose, we interpret the biform games as cooperative games by defining a characteristic function of minimax representation based on the coalition function and giving the core and Shapley value as cooperative solutions. The relations between the coalition function and the characteristic function are investigated in terms of additivity and convexity, and the properties associated with the characteristic function, such as individual rationalities and cores, are compared with the corresponding results. The relations among the solutions of the normal-form game, biform game, and cooperative game are discussed with several examples.

Strategic Resource Pricing and Allocation in a 5G Network Slicing Stackelberg Game

We consider a marketplace in the context of 5G network slicing, where Application Service Providers (ASP), <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i.e.,</i> slice tenants, providing heterogeneous services, are in competition for the access to the virtualized network resource owned by a Network Slice Provider (NSP), who relies on network slicing. We model the interactions between the end users (followers) and the ASPs (leaders) as a Stackelberg game. We prove that the competition between the ASPs results in a multi-resource Tullock rent-seeking game. To determine resource pricing and allocation, we devise two innovative market mechanisms. First, we assume that the ASPs are pre-assigned with fixed shares (budgets) of infrastructure, and rely on a trading post mechanism to allocate the resource. Under this mechanism, the ASPs can redistribute their budgets in bids and customise their allocations to maximize their profits. In case a single resource is considered, we prove that the ASPs’ coupled decision problems give rise to a unique Nash equilibrium. Second, when ASPs have no bound on their budget, we formulate the problem as a pricing game with coupling constraints capturing the shared resource finite capacities, and derive the market prices as the duals of the coupling constraints. In addition, we prove that the pricing game admits a unique variational equilibrium. We implement two online learning algorithms to compute solutions of the market mechanisms. A third fully distributed algorithm based on a proximal method is proposed to compute the Variational equilibrium solution of the pricing game. Finally, we run numerical simulations to analyse the market mechanism’s economic properties and the convergence rates of the algorithms.

Social Media Manipulation Awareness through Deep Learning based Disinformation Generation

As a digital environment introduced for establishing and enhancing human communication through different social networks and channels, social media continued to develop and spread at an incredible rate making it difficult to find or imagine a concept, technology, or business that does not have or plan to have its social media representation and space. Concurrently, social media became a playground and even a battlefield where different ideas carrying out diverse validity degrees are spread for reaching their target audiences generated by clear and trustable well-known, uncertain, or even evil aimed entities. In the stride carried out for preventing, containing, and limiting the effects of social manipulation of the last two types of entities, proper/effective security awareness is critical and mandatory in the first place. On this behalf, several strategies, policies, methods, and technologies were proposed by research and practitioner communities, but such initiatives take mostly a defender perspective, and this is not enough in cyberspace where the offender is in advantage in attack. Therefore, this research aims to produce social media manipulation security awareness taking the offender stance by generating and analysing disinformation tweets using deep learning. To reach this goal, a Design Science Research methodology is followed in a Data Science approach, and the results obtained are analysed and positioned in the ongoing discourses showing the effectiveness of such approach and its role in building future social media manipulation detection solutions. This research also intends to contribute to the design of further transparent and responsible modelling and gaming solutions for building/enhancing social manipulation awareness and the definition of realistic cyber/information operations scenarios dedicated/engaging large multi-domain (non)expert audiences.

Properties of Solutions for Games on Union-Closed Systems

A situation in which a finite set of players can obtain certain payoffs by cooperation can be described by a cooperative game with transferable utility, or simply a TU-game. A solution for TU-games assigns a set of payoff distributions to every TU-game. In the literature, various models of games with restricted cooperation can be found where, instead of allowing all subsets of the player set N to form, it is assumed that the set of feasible coalitions is a subset of the power set of N. In this paper, we consider games on a union-closed system where the set of feasible coalitions is closed under the union, i.e., for any two feasible coalitions also, their union is feasible. Properties of solutions (the core, the nucleolus, and the prekernel) are discussed for games on a union-closed system.

Mini-Map Design Features as a Navigation Aid in the Virtual Geographical Space Based on Video Games

The main objective of this study is to identify features of mini-map design as a navigational aid in the virtual geographical space in 100 popular video games for a computer platform. The following research methods were used: visual comparative analysis, classification and selection of cartographic material, comparison of specific parameters for selected features of design elements, and application of cartographic design rules and popularity of design solutions in video games. The study revealed eight features of mini-map design and their popular parameters and attributes in video games, with only one game meeting all conditions of popularity: projection: orthographic; centring: player-centred; base layers: artificial; shape: circle; orientation: camera view; position: bottom left; proportions: 2.1–3%; additional navigational element: north arrow. The key attributes of the mini-map’s features were captured, which, when considered separately, complementarily and potentially holistically, confirm the possibility of designing the mini-map according to traditional cartographic design principles. The identified parameters of the mini-map can be useful not only in the design of the game cartography interface, but also for other geomedia products.

A new biform game-based investment incentive mechanism for eco-efficient innovation in supply chain

In supply chain, when a visionary focal firm makes direct investment in his partners’ upfront cost of eco-efficient innovation, he would want more innovation efforts without sacrificing too many self-interests. To this end, we use a new biform-game model to develop an investment incentive mechanism for eco-efficient innovation in a supply chain consisting of two competing manufactures who are accountable for their respective eco-efficient innovations and a supplier who provides them with investments. Our proposed biform-game model can be regarded as a nested combination of noncooperative and cooperative games: In the noncooperative part, we construct a noncooperative game between the two manufacturers under their profit maximizing strategies, defining the competitive environment in the cooperative part. For three players in the cooperative part, we use Minimax and Maximin principles to construct their cooperative game of the investment cooperation strategy, which is proven to be convex. Subsequently, Shapley value is employed to derive the solution (profits) of the cooperative game, which is used to deduce the pay-off functions of the noncooperative part, thereby obtaining the optimal profit-maximizing strategies and investment cooperation strategies of the biform game. Next, we conduct analytical and numerical studies to verify the validity of our developed model by comparing with the model without applying the biform coordination mechanism.

Assessment Method for Demand Side User Response Potential based on Game Theory and Information Value

An accurate assessment of user demand response potential is helpful for power companies or load aggregators to rationally call demand-side resources, improve the implementation effect of demand response, and reduce the peak-valley load difference of power systems. This paper proposes a new approach based on game theory and information value to evaluate the response potential of demand-side users. Firstly, the evaluation index system of user response potential is established based on user history behaviors, user basic information, aggregator’s incentive to users, and user’s information value. Secondly, based on game theory, the total of subjective and objective weights is integrated, and the game solution of evaluation index weight is obtained. Finally, the user potential assessment results are quantified based on the fuzzy optimization set pair analysis theory to achieve an accurate online assessment of the demand-side user response potential.

Rich Extensions of the Core and the Equal Split Off Set

This paper studies extensions of the core and the equal split off set (ESOS) for TU games, and also subsolutions of the extensions in order to derive some new egalitarian solutions for TU games. Stability of the allocations is weakened such that an allocation [Formula: see text] can be blocked only by rich coalitions which together with a player will contain all players having payoffs not less than him. In accordance with such a definition of blocking, two new solutions — the rich core and the egalitarian rich core — are defined and characterized by means of weakening of axioms characterizing the ESOS on the class of all TU games [Dietzenbacher, B. and Yanovskaya, E. [2021] Consistency of the equal spit-off set, Int. J. Game Theory 50(1), 1–22]. Two subsolutions of the egalitarian rich core — the set of Lorenz undominated allocations and the set of allocations that lexicographically minimize maximal payoffs of players (Lmax solution) are characterized. The tight upper boundary of the number of allocations in the ESOS and in the egalitarian rich core is found.