Eosin Solution Research Articles

In Vitro Scolicidal Effect of Urtica dioica and Pyrus boissieriana Extracts Against Protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important neglected diseases and a public health concern worldwide. Due to the poor efficacy of current drugs, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Objectives: This study evaluated the scolicidal effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica and the chloroformic extract of Pyrus boissieriana on protoscoleces of CE cysts. Methods: Protoscoleces were aseptically aspirated from the livers of sheep naturally infected with CE cysts. To assess the scolicidal effect of these herbal extracts, various concentrations of both extracts (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/mL) were added to a suspension of 3 × 103 washed protoscoleces. After 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes of exposure, eosin stain was added to each tube, and the viability of protoscoleces was evaluated by flame cell motility under a light microscope, as well as impermeability to 0.1% eosin solution. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Results: The scolicidal effects of U. dioica extracts at a concentration of 80 mg/mL were 81% and 89% after 60 and 120 minutes of exposure, respectively. Almost the same results were obtained for P. boissieriana extracts at a concentration of 80 mg/mL (81.33% and 89% after 60 and 120 minutes of exposure, respectively), which were significantly different from the negative control group (P < 0.001). However, the extract of U. dioica exhibited stronger scolicidal effects compared to the extract of P. boissieriana at concentrations lower than 40 mg/mL (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The present findings indicate that both U. dioica and P. boissieriana extracts possess high protoscolicidal activities and could be used as alternative natural medicines in the treatment of CE. However, further studies are required to verify these findings through assessment in animal models and clinical subjects.

Experimental accelerating testicular tissue recovery post-methotrexate treatment in rats: A promising role of Sertoli cell-conditioned medium: An experimental study.

Methotrexate (MET) is one of the most important chemotherapy agents used against various tumors and cancer diseases. One of the critical side effects of MET is inducing male infertility. The current study aimed to investigate Sertoli cell culture-conditioned medium (SCM) recovery effects on MET-induced conditions in rats. 30 mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10). In the first group, rats received normal saline intraperitoneally. In the second group, animals received MET (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) once a week for 2 wk. The rats in the third group (MET+SCM) received MET and a single injection of SCM for 56 days post-MET administration. 56 days later, serum, epididymis, and testicular tissue samples were collected, and the animals were euthanized. Sperm parameters, serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were examined. The testicular tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin solution, and histopathological changes were analyzed. The MET-induced condition resulted in significant pathological changes in the testis, decreased hormone levels, and downregulated sperm parameters. However, SCM injection improved hormonal levels, testicular changes, and sperm parameters. It can be concluded that a single intra-testicular SCM injection accelerates male reproductive system recovery post-MET treatment.

HASIL PEMERIKSAAN TELUR SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH MENGGUNAKAN CAMPURAN PEWARNA ALAMI DARI DAUN MIANA DAN KULIT BUAH NAGA

The simplest method for checking worm eggs is by a native technique using a 2% eosin reagent. Eosin itself has properties that are not easily decomposed, causing hazardous and easily flammable waste. Hence, an alternative staining method is needed, environmentally friendly, using natural materials, such as natural dye substances. This research aims to understand the depiction of results in examining Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) eggs using mint leaves and dragon fruit skin as alternative reagents. The research method involves examining feces using a direct method (wet preparation) to detect worm eggs in feces directly using a 2% Eosin solution. The comparison results between dragon fruit peel extract concentration using aquadest, tested with SPSS analysis version 20 using the Kruskal-Wallis method with a significance value of 0.09 ≥ 0.05, indicating significantly different research outcomes. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no difference in staining quality compared to the control. The conclusion drawn from this study is that there's no difference in staining worm egg suspensions using mint leaf extract. This is evident as when observing the worm egg suspension using mint leaf extract, the worm eggs were not clearer, unlike with dragon fruit skin and miana.

Histomorphological assessment of the germanium-doped calcium phosphate ceramics on reparative osteogenesis in rabbits with systemic osteoporosis

Bone fractures are mostly urgent in nature, complex in pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and reparative osteogenesis is multimodal and depends on the balanced and reciprocal interaction of many factors. The results of histological studies for osteoreplacement of bone defects in rabbits with systemic osteoporosis are presented. The purpose of the work is histomorphological evaluation of bone regenerates after osteoreplacement with germanium-doped hydroxyapatite ceramics in rabbits with secondary osteoporosis. Experimental osteoporosis in rabbits (n=18) was induced by administration of 0.4% dexamethasone solution. In animals of the experimental group, bone defects were replaced with granules of hydroxyapatite ceramics doped with germanium, and in animals of the control group, they healed under a blood clot. Histological sections were made on a rotary microtome with a thickness of 5 to 10 μm and stained with Weigert's iron hematoxylin and 1% alcohol-based eosin solution (manufactured by Diapath, Italy). On the 60th day of reparative osteogenesis in the animals of the experimental group, the site of the bone defect was flled with compact bone tissue with minor remnants of spongy bone tissue. Slightly expanded Haversian canals were noted. In the control group, the defect site was flled with coarse and spongy bone tissue. Bone beams of various thicknesses with a small number of osteoblasts and single walled osteocytes were visualized. A signifcant number of osteocyte lacunae were empty due to the process of osteocyte lysis. Haversian canals are signifcantly dilated with a small number of vessels. Also, lacunae of bone tissue resorption and acellular areas were observed on histological specimens. Histomorphological assessment of bone regenerates confrms the realization of osteoconductive, osteointegrative and osteoinductive properties of calcium-phosphate ceramics doped with germanium in conditions of osteoporotic fractures of tubular bones. Keywords: systemic osteoporosis, bone fractures, cancellous and compact bone tissue, histological sections, histomorphological changes, rabbits.

Zinc deficiency triggers hearing loss by reducing ribbon synapses of inner hair cells in CBA/N mice

Zinc plays a vital role in our metabolism, encompassing antioxidant regulation, immune response, and auditory function. Several studies have reported that zinc levels correlate with hearing loss. We have previously demonstrated that the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold increased in mice fed a zinc-deficient diet. However, the effects of zinc deficiency on hearing were not fully elucidated. The present study investigated whether zinc deficiency affects hearing in association with neuronal components or cochlear structures. CBA/N mice were fed a normal or zinc-deficient diet for 8 weeks and assessed for ABR and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The cochlear sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin solution. Also, we observed the expression of synaptic ribbons, neurofilaments, and alpha-synuclein (α-Syn). The 8-week zinc-deficient diet mice had an elevated ABR threshold but no changed DPOAE threshold or cochlear structures. A reduced number of synaptic ribbons of inner hair cells (IHCs) and impaired efferent nerve fibers were observed in the zinc-deficient diet mice. The number of outer hair cells (OHCs) and expression of α-Syn remained unchanged. Our results suggest that zinc-mediated hearing loss is associated with the loss of neuronal components of IHCs.

IDENTIFIKASI TELUR SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINT (STH) PADA TANAH PERSAWAHAN DI DESA SUKODONO MENGGUNAKAN METODE NATIF

Soil is a mineral material that has several unconsolidated forms which are located on the surface of the earth and have undergone several treatments. Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) is an intestinal nematode that in its life cycle requires a soil medium for the infective form to mature. worms are moist soil, shady, and protected from sunlight. This study aims to determine whether there is contamination of "Soil-Transmitted Helminth" eggs and what species are present in the rice fields using the Native method. This examination uses a 2% eosin solution. The sample uses paddy fields in Sukodono Village. Sampling at 3 sampling points with 3 types of samples, the total sample is 9 samples of paddy soil. The research was conducted on April 26-28 2021 at the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Maarif Hasyim Latif University, Sidoarjo, on 9 samples of paddy soil, the results obtained were 3 types of samples, or 33% of the soil contaminated with worm eggs and 6 types of samples or 66% not contaminated with worm eggs. Keywords: Paddy fields, Soil Transmitted Helminth, Native Method

Optimasi penggunaan air perasan bunga asoka merah (Ixora coccinea) sebagai pengganti eosin pada pemeriksaan telur cacing Soil Transmitted Helminth

Background: Soil Transmitted Helminth is an intestinal nematode whose reagent for microscopic examination is one of them using 2% Eosin solution. 2% eosin gives a red background against yellowish eggs and sells feces with feces. Eosin besides its many needs is also a reagent which is expensive compared to natural ingredients. The high price of eosin reagent paved the way for using local raw materials as an alternative to eosin staining. One of the local raw materials that can be used is red asoka flower (Ixora coccinea). Red asoka flowers contain anthocyanins which give color to flowers and fruit. Anthocyanin can be used as a natural red dye.Objective: to determine the use of red juice Ixora coccinea in microscopic examination of Soil Transmitted Helminths.Method: this type of quasi-experimental research with a completely randomized design (CRD). The data was obtained by recording the results of the treatment of red asoka flower juice (Ixora coccinea) on worm egg preparations. To see a comparison of the drying time of the reagents on worm egg preparations using red asoka flower juice (Ixora coccinea) with eosin control, three replications were carried out. Data were analyzed by T test.Results: the morphology of the eggshell and egg contents of the Soil Transmitted Helminth worm (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm) was clearly visible. The results of the t test obtained a p value of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05.Conclusion: Asoka flower juice can be used as an alternative to examining Soil Transmitted Helminth worm eggs (Ascaris lumbricoidea, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworm). the difference in drying time between asoka and eosin was significant.

Effect of Piperine on Diameter of Graafian Follicles of Adult Female Albino Rats

Background: Piperine is an alkaloid present in black pepper. It causes increase in diameter of Graafian follicles when given to adult female albino rats thus leading to decreased fertility. Aim: To assess the harmful effects of piperine on ovaries of adult female albino rats on diameter of Graafian follicles. Study design: Experimental Study. Place and duration of study: Anatomy Department, Shaikh Zayed PGMI, Lahore from 1st August 2013 to 31st January 2014. Methodology: Thirty female rats were randomly separated into three equal groups A, B and C, each having 10 animals. Group A was control and did not receive any medication except for normal saline at a dose of 10ml/kg body weight/day by orogastric tube for 30 days. Group B and C received piperine suspended in saline by orogastric tube, at a dose of5mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day respectively for 30 days. After 30 days of experiment, the rats of all three groups were euthanized and ovaries were removed by dissection and then fixed in 10% formalin. With rotary microtome, 4-5μm sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin solutions. Results: The Graafian follicle in ovaries of rats in group B showed increased diameter as compared to control group A. The diameter of Graafian follicles of group C was greater than of group B. In both groups comparison was made, the p-value was less than 0.001. Conclusion: Piperine administration in female adult albino rats showed significant increase in size of Graafian follicle which is likely to produce polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and in this way hamper fertility in females during child bearing age. Keywords: Piperine, Albino rat, Ovaries, Fertility, Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Technique for Processing and Routing Staining of Hair Samples for Histological Study

The staining of free hair samples is considered as one of the biggest problem by the Histologists. This technique has been developed for processing and routine staining of free hair samples without the skin. It is based on paraffin embedded blocks of hair samples. The blocks were cut in the rotary microtome at 6 µ thickness. After obtaining the sections of 6 µ thickness in rotary microtome, the sections were not required to be put in water bath as the hair samples were hard and did not get folded. Further, if water bath was used, this could result in the loss of the hair part from the section. The cuticle did not take any color in the routine staining as it was composed of enucleated or keratinized cells. The cortex had taken the pink colour of eosin which might be due to the composition of cortex with flattened cornified cells and numerous air spaces. The medulla showed a mixture of pink and blue color on staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin solutions.

Effect of Eosin Solution Exposed to Sunlight against Anopheles Mosquito Larvae

Mosquitoes are a menace for millions of people around the world, they are vectors for destructive microorganisms which cause diseases like Malaria, Dengue fever and Lymphatic filariasis, affecting people in developing countries and areas with tropical climates. Anopheles, a predominant genus transmits malaria, and the World Health Organization have shown that 350,000 lives especially children and pregnant women are lost annually by it. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of eosin solution exposed to sunlight on larvae of Anopheles mosquito. The use of control method was aid at eliminating the larva stages of the mosquito life cycle. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) Anopheles mosquito larvae were harvested using dipper with handle and net from drainages at Eagle Island and Rivers State University both in Port Harcourt. Five different concentrations of Eosin solutions were prepared in volumes of 1000 microlitre (µl), 800µl, 600µl, 400µl, 200µl after a stock solution of 1gram(g) in 100ml and a control, the physicochemical parameters of the solutions were determined using Extech model DO700 measuring instrument. Twenty (20) mosquito larvae, were carefully introduced into each of the concentrations, exposed to sunlight and observed for 24 hours (hrs) for a period of six (6) days for susceptibility. A hundred percent (100%) mortality was recorded in eosin volume of 1000µl and 800µl. The separate solutions of eosin showed significant effects of their concentrations on the Anopheles mosquito larvae of P-value 0.017 at P<0.05. The result obtained for the physicochemical parameters were; pH 5.24, temperature 30.4oC, conductivity 168µS/cm, salinity 0.08%, total dissolved solids 118 milligram per litre(mg/L) and dissolved oxygen was 6.5mg/L for the control. Changes occurred in the values of the dissolved oxygen before and after exposure to sunlight in all the dilutions. The results obtained showed that after 24 hrs, the mortality rate of the larvae increased, indicating that Anopheles mosquito larvae expose to concentrations of eosin solutions results in their mortality within 48 hrs. It may be concluded that this study has provided some evidence of larvicidal effect of eosin solution exposed to sunlight on larvae of Anopheles mosquito.

Utilization of Natural Dyes Solutions and Glycerol for the Quality and Durability of Direct Wet Mount Preparations Storage in Educational Laboratories

Educational laboratories require the availability of direct wet mount preparations that can last a long time with good quality. Various studies have mentioned techniques so that preparations can last a long time. This study aims to analyze the composition of dyes and glycerol in wet preparations of worm eggs on the quality and shelf life of the preparations. The solvent variations used for the wet preparations were Angkak 2%, and eosin 2%, with the addition of variations in the concentration of glycerol 20%-45%. The number of treatments and repetitions in the study was 70 samples, which were observed in the first, second, third, and fourth weeks. Based on the ANOVA test, the results showed a significant effect on the parameters measured, namely the type of dye, the type of slide, and the shelf life of the preparation (storage) in natural dye solution (2% ethanol extract of Angkak solution) and synthetic dye solution (2% eosin solution). The correlation test results of storage time treatment on the clarity of the preparations showed that the longer the storage, the lower the clarity of the preparations (r=-0.46246). The correlation test results of storage time treatment on the contrast of the preparations showed that the longer the storage, the less the contrast was not so strong (r=-0.26375). The correlation test results of storage time treatment on the quality of the preparations showed that the longer the storage, the lower the quality of the preparations (r=-0.51346). The conclusion is that the best quality of wet preparations is preparations that are stored for four weeks using a flat object-glass with a mixture of 1:1 dye solution of 2%-glycerol solution of 35% and 1:1 mixture of a 2%-glycerol solution of 1:1 solution. Further research is needed on the concentration of the dye solution mixture to find the best formulation for improving the quality and resistance of wet preparations.

In vitro, effects of Praziquantel and alcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of Citrullus colocynthis and Eucalyptus globulus on the viability of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus

Iraqi flora is rich in plants and the possibility of finding new antimicrobial agents still widely ahead, therefore, the present work evaluated the effects of alcoholic and aqueous crude extracts of Citrullus colocynthis; Eucalyptus globulus leaves and Praziquantel drug (as scolicidal agents) on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro. Live protoscoleces obtained from the liver of naturally infected sheep. The viability of protoscoleces was determined by their motility and flame cells activity and staining method using 0.1% eosin solution. The number of viable protoscoleces was counted and distributed into test tubes (4 tubes for each treatment of different concentrations) and 2 tubes were kept as control without treatments. The percentage viability of protoscoleces was ranged between 93.7 to 95.3. Praziquantel drug reduced the survival of protoscoleces during seven sequenced days post incubation. Drug effects showed more influence in both concentrations of 450 μg/ml from day 4 and 600 μg/ml from day 3 post incubation, respectively. The methanolic extract of C. colocynthis reduced the viability of protoscoleces during eight sequenced days post incubation from 96% to zero%. The effects were marked highly in the concentrations of 300 μg/ml from day 3 post incubation. Aqueous fruit extracted decreased in the viability of protoscoleces. In the minimum used concentration (75μg/ml), the viability of protoscoleces reduced from 96% to reach zero% at day eight post incubation, whereas in the maximum concentration used (300 μg/ml), the viability reached to zero% after four days. All concentrations of leaves methanolic and aqueous extracts of E. globulus have an antiparasitic activity against the protoscoleces viability, but the greater effect was to 600 μg/ml that kill all protoscoleces in 6 days after treatment.

Multiorgan pathoanatomical manifestation of spontaniously ocuring intestinal yersiniosis in dogs

The paper presents materials on pathomorphological changes in the organs of dogs with intestinal yersiniosis, the disease which is still considered to be predominately asymptomatic. The aim of the study was to determine the main pathomorphological changes in dogs with spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica. To achieve this goal, pathological and pathomorphological studies were performed on 12 corpses of dogs aged 8-22 months between 2017-2020. The specimens had a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of intestinal yersiniosis as a monoinfection, and three of the corpses had complications of infectious hepatitis and two corpses with complications of pseudomonosis. The material for the study was extracted during an autopsy of dogs that died due to acute and rarely chronic spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis, as well as when it was complicated by other infectious diseases. Fixation of pathological material (pieces of lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, stomach, small and large intestine, kidneys) and the manufacturing of paraffin sections were performed according to generally accepted methods. The resulting sections were stained with Karatsi hematoxylin and aqueous solution of eosin. The most significant changes were found in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (congestive catarrhal-hemorrhagic processes in the acute course and atrophic and productive in the chronic), liver (protein and fat dystrophies, local areas of necrobiosis and cytolysis of hepatocytes), spleen in the kidneys (signs of granular and hyaline-drop dystrophy of the epithelium of the tubules and dystrophic-atrophic processes in the glomeruli), characteristic of septicemia and toxemia. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the results of the study, it was found that intestinal yersiniosis of dogs is a disease that has multiorgan pathology, but due to the similarity of clinical manifestations and lack of specific diagnostic laboratories it is often disguised as other bacterial and viral diseases. The complex of pathomorphological changes in the organs of the deceased animals, taking into account the results of serological and pathological studies, can be considered a basic protocol for diagnosing intestinal yersiniosis in dogs

FEATURES OF THE PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MICROCRYSTALLINE ARTHROPATHIES IN THE PRACTICE OF SURGICAL MATERIAL EXAMINATION

The development of microcrystalline arthritides is most frequently associated with the formation of monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. Their identification is of crucial importance in recognizing these diseases. Objective: to determine the possibilities of histological techniques in identifying MSU and CPP crystals and to evaluate the effectiveness of the techniques. Subjects and methods. Twenty-four tissue blocks (fragments of the affected areas of the elbow joint, the interphalangeal joint of the index finger, and hip joint) from 7 patients were examined. Paraffin sections were stained with a 0.5% alcohol solution of eosin, as well as with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue specimens were examined and digitized using an AxioScope.A1 stereo microscope with Zenblue software (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH, Germany). Results and discussion. When staining the tissue sections with hematoxylin and eosin, microcrystals were not visualized; the major portions of MSU crystals was dissolved during fixation and staining, whereas CPP crystals were masked with hematoxylin as focal basophilic aggregates. The staining technique with an alcohol solution of eosin and short formalin fixation (within 12 hours) made it possible to avoid dissolution of MSU crystals and to visualize both MSU and CPP crystals, and to determine their shape and color. Conclusion. Light microscopy of the tissue sections stained with an alcohol solution of eosin along with short formalin fixation is a reliable method to differentiate MSU and CPP crystals. In patients undergoing endoprosthetic replacement, the significance of this technique for the pathomorphological study of surgical material consists in assessing inflammatory activity and in eliminating a disease, such as microcrystalline arthropathy.

ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ РОЗЧИНІВ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕЇНУ ТА ЕОЗИНУ Н У ВОДНО-МІЦЕЛЯРНИХ СЕРЕДОВИЩАХ ПАР

The effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants on the fluorescence properties of fluorescein and eosin Y aqueous solutions has been investigated. It has been found that sodium dodecyl sulfate does not affect the position of the maximum wavelengths of solutions of fluorescein and eosin Y in the study of the effect of an anionic surfactant on the fluorescence emission intensity of dyes. The intensity of the signal of the dye solutions when changing the concentration of anionic surfactant changes little. As the concentration of non-ionic surfactant increases, the fluorescence emission intensity of the fluorescein solutions decreases. In contrast, with increasing concentration of Triton X-100, there is an increase in the signal intensity of solutions of more hydrophobic eosin Y with subsequent access to the "plateau" at СТХ-100≥5.1·10–2 mol/L. The position of the maxima fluorescence emission wavelengths for the fluorescein solutions in the 0-1.0·10–5 mol/L range of concentrations of cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride remain unchanged. The position of the maxima shifts to the long-wavelength region of the spectrum at higher concentrations of CPC. The nature of the position dependence of the fluorescence emission maxima of eosin Y solutions in the presence of cationic surfactants is similar. The effect of fluorescence quenching has also been shown in the study of the influence of organic substances of cationic nature on the signal intensity of fluorescein solutions. It has been shown that the concentration dependence is linear in the (0.1–4.0)·10–1 mol/L range of isoniazid molecule concentrations. The data obtained can be implemented in the development of conditions and methods for the determination of pharmacologically active substances of cationic nature by reaction with fluorescein in medicines.

Role of biochemical parameters in predicting histopathological changes at 24 and 48 hours from acute pancreatitis induction

The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between the degree of changes in concentrations of the biochemical indicators in serum such as: creatinine, uric acid, total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lipase, amylase, glucose, iron and magnesium, and histopathological lesions occurring in the pancreas within 24 and 48 hours from the induction of acute pancreatitis (AP). An attempt was made to assess the relation between the changes in concentrations of biochemical indicators and the enhancement of histological lesions in the pancreas based on Spormann score. In the experimental model, the laboratory and histological changes in the 24th hour from administration of taurocholan correspond to the seventh day of the disease in humans. Experiments were conducted on 55 male Wistar rats weighing from 250 g to 300 g. The animals were divided into three groups: Z – a group serving to establish the ranges of studied factors and histological structure; K – a group of animals operated on which were injected with 0.9% NaCl into the biliary-pancreatic duct; E – a group of animals operated on in which acute pancreatitis was induced by an injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The material for biochemical and histological examinations was collected after 24 and 48 hours from the induction of AP. Whole pancreases were dissected for histological examinations and the samples were dyed with hematoxylin and saturated alcoholic eosin solution. The degree of pancreatic lesions was assessed according to the Spormann score. Quantitative variables were characterised by arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum value and 95% CI. After administration of 0.9% NaCl in the K group, foci of purulent inflammation in the fatty tissue of the pancreas and minor foci of Balser’s necrosis appeared. In the E group, after injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the biliary-pancreatic duct, more intense lesions were observed: foci of fatty tissue necrosis, hemorrhagic necrosis, multifocal fatty tissue necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. The model was developed in order to assess histological lesions, indicating the character of AP, taking into account edema, inflammatory infiltration, fatty tissue necrosis, glandular necrosis, and ecchymoses. In the period of 24 hours, statistically significant differences between the K group and E group were observed for creatinine, total bilirubin, ALT, lipase, amylase, iron and magnesium, while in the period of 48 hours, statistically significant differences were observed for total bilirubin and ALT. In the group E, in the period of 24 hours concentrations of creatinine, total bilirubin, ALT, lipase, amylase and magnesium were significantly higher than in the group K, but concentrations of iron were significantly lower. In the period of 48 hours, in the E group total bilirubin was significantly lower and ALT was significantly higher than in the K group. In the E group, the intensity of pancreatitis increased together with an increase in ALT concentration in the period of 24 hours; in the period of 48 hours, the intensity of pancreatitis increased together with a decrease in ALT in the E group. In the K group, in the period of 48 hours, intensity of fatty tissue necrosis increased together with a decrease in ALT level. In the period of 48 hours, in the E group intensity of glandular necrosis increased together with a decrease in total bilirubin and AST concentration. In the E group, in the period of 24 hours intensity of edema increased together with an increase in magnesium level. In the period of 48 hours, in the E group intensity of glandular necrosis increased together with a decrease in magnesium or AST level, and the intensity of lesions in the form of ecchymoses increased together with an increase in glucose level. Histopathological lesions occurred prior to changes in laboratory test results, whereas significant correlations with the Spormann score concerned changes in: total bilirubin, AST, ALT, glucose and magnesium. The use of regression analysis with the Spormann score shows statistically significant differences for most of the biochemical parameters in the period of 24 hours correspond to the seventh day of the disease in humans. The presented study results confirm the fact that diagnostics of acute pancreatitis is very difficult and requires monitoring of many laboratory parameters. A search is still going on for an ideal marker of AP which would enable an early prognosis of the progress of the disease and the confirmation of its etiology. A discovery of a simple marker which is cheap to use may turn out to be useful if it is confirmed in prospective studies. The current state of knowledge based on scientific and clinical findings makes it possible to apply interdisciplinary clinical procedures based on matching appropriate laboratory and radiological tests, and on implementing therapeutic procedures...

The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cashew Fruit Peel on The Liver Histological Structure in Rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

Cashew fruit peel is a waste produced from the cashew nut industry, and it has not been utilized optimally yet. Cashew peel extract has the potential to be used as a contraceptive agent, which capable of reducing reproductive capacity. However, its side effects on other tissue and organ such as liver not clearly studied yet. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanolic extracts of cashew peel on the histological structure of the white rat liver. In this study, 21 female white rats were used and be grouped for control (6 mice) which were treated with CMCMa 0.5% and 15 mice were treated with peel extract of 500 mg/kg body every day for one month. Liver for examination was collected sequentially at 3rd, 5th, 8th, 11th, and 14th of the estrous cycle. The liver was processed for histological observation and stained with Hematoxylin Eosin and Mallory Acid Fuchsin staining solution. The liver hepatocyte was observed for it abnormality and be scored to calculate the number of cell damage or abnormality. The result showed that peel extract-treated mouse liver was similar to control ones; we did not witness any evidence of fibrosis, pyknosis and cellular necrosis on either control or treated mouse. Statistical analysis by SPSS showed that the p-value between the control and treatment groups was 0.078 (> 0.05) so there was no significant difference between control and treatment. It could be concluded that ethanolic extracts of cashew nuts peel with a concentration of 500 mg/kg body weight caused no effect on the mouse liver histological structure. application with reduced-dosages of NPK fertilizers were arranged in a random block design with three replicates. The results show that large quantities of silica bodies attached to the surface of EFB fibers and amounting to 0.44% soluble Si. The FFB data indicated that the application of 75% NPK + 500 kg composted EFB + 2 L BioSilAc/ha/year on a five-year-old plant resulted in higher yield than that obtained from 100% standard dosage of NPK. The study also revealed that the application of EFB compost reduced 50% of BioSilAc dosage.

Method to improve the tunable capacity of time-resolved encoding to a xanthene dye.

Conventional organic dye encoding is limited by photo-bleaching and spectral overlap, thus restricting the number of distinguishable codes that can be used in practice. The utility of a single dye for increasing additional encoding capacity has yet to be explored. To this end, we firstly report a facile, flexible and green sustainable method to maximize the time-resolved encoding capacity of the xanthene red dye, eosin. By simply adjusting the concentration, pH and viscosity of the eosin solution, eleven distinguishable populations of fluorescence lifetimes were obtained with a short lifetime range of 1.0-3.4ns, which in turn could increase the difficulty of duplication and provide extra high-level security protection. The results provide a facile strategy to increase the temporal multiplexing capacity, and may result in the reuse of existing organic dyes as lifetime-coded polymer microspheres in the fields of information security.

The Effect of Supplementation with Some Essential Oils on the Mobility and the Vitality of Human Sperm.

The objective of this work is to study the improvement effect of some essential oils of sage (Salvia officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus) on the physiological parameters characterizing the quality of human sperm (mobility and vitality). We find natural biomolecules to improve sperm quality to increase the chances of success of very low in vitro fertilization (IVF) that stagnate around 20%. Sperm samples were mixed with different concentrations of essential oils. The effect of these essential oils on the motility and vitality of spermatozoa has been analyzed. The mobility was determined using a Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). In the other side, the evaluation of sperm vitality was performed by staining eosin 2% and the microscopic examination is carried out via optical microscope. A drop of sperm will be mixed with a drop of eosin solution 2%, spread between the slip and coverslip, then allowed to air dry, and examined under a microscope. A significant improvement in the mobility and vitality of human spermatozoa has been noted with oregano. Eucalyptus after 10 min of exposure also significantly improves the mobility and vitality of the spermatozoa. Sage does not improve mobility for these incubation times but significantly improves vitality.

SCOLICIDAL EFFICACY OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PROTOSCOLECES OF HYDATID CYST

The hydatid disease known as hydatidosis or echinococcosis is a cyclozoonotic disease widely distributed in the viscera and other organs of humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) (100, 250 and 500μg/ml), albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ sulfoxide) (50μg/ml) andNaCl 0.9% as control with different exposure times (10, 20, 30, 60 min and 3 days) on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). They were cultured in test tubes containing RPMI 1640 medium. Viability was examined by use of 0.1% eosin solution and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for different samples. Exposure to Se NPs at 100μg/ml had a scolicidal effect 100% after 60 min and 3 days only while they killed 93.7%, 95.3%,98.7% at 10, 20 & 30 min application respectively. Also, on exposure to a concentration of 250 μg/ml, the scolicidal activity of Se NPs was 100% after 20, 30, 60 min and 3 days while it was 99.7% after 10 min. On exposure to a concentration of 500μg/ml of Se NPs, all protoscoleces (100%) were killed at all times. Furthermore, exposure to albendazole sulfoxide exhibited partial scolicidal efficacy. SEM of different samples showed obvious alterations with Se NPs 500 μg after 3 days of exposure included invaginated scolex, degenerated rostellum and more severe affection of internal tissue with loss of integrity of the tegument and appearance of blebs.