Solid Waste Planning Research Articles

Understanding driving forces of food waste separation intention to enhance regional and local solid waste planning: application of PLS-SEM and multi-group analysis

This study extended the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and applied it to analyse influencing factors of food waste separation intention (FSI) among households in central Vietnam. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data. The heterogeneity of factors contributing to FSI in cities of three levels was examined using multi-group analysis (MGA). The results indicate that attitudes, subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), awareness of benefit (AB), information publicity (IP), facility availability (FA), and trust significantly affected FSI of households. MGA results indicated the heterogeneity of impacts of PBC and attitude on FSI of households among three municipal levels. The results will serve as basic data for waste officers, solid-waste management project leaders, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and other related stakeholders to lay the foundation of food waste management planning in terms of regional scale and local scale. This study will also aid the creation of a circular economy by providing a scientific base for enhancing food waste separation at source in central Vietnam.

Solid waste management: an investigation on the current situation of the landfill in the municipality of Garanhuns – PE

The generation of solid residues has become one of the biggest problems of humanity due to the growing demand of the population for goods and services, and it is necessary that the governments look into a way to mitigate its harmful effects on the environment. In Brazil, the problem of adequate solid waste management also became recurrent and started with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, which took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Rio-92 or Eco-92. The general objective of the work is to diagnose the current situation of the Garanhuns landfill regarding its suitability for the Intermunicipal Solid Waste Plan - PIRS of the Agreste Meridional Region of Pernambuco and the Garanhuns landfill as an instrument to combat environmental transgression. In the first moment, a documentary analysis was carried out regarding the proposed theme and in the second moment, an investigation, through an interview, about the situation of the landfill in relation to the PIRS. Despite fulfilling some requirements regarding the final destination of the waste, the municipality has not yet prepared, licensed and implemented the Degraded Areas Recovery Program-PRAD, an indispensable part to comply with the guideline of “Compliance with the National Solid Waste Policy”. However, even though there are still some obstacles to compliance with the PIRS, the importance of a properly licensed landfill operating in Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco is emphasized.

Diagnosis of construction and demolition waste management (CDW) in the city of Caruaru, Pernambuco

The management of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is the main tool for construction housing sustainably. This article presents a diagnosis of the management of CDW and their environmental impacts in the municipality of Caruaru, Pernambuco. The construction and demolition waste management Index (CDWMI) was calculated. This index uses the environmental sustainability indicators: management instruments, management programs, collection and screening, and treatment and disposition of the CDW. The results of this research were compared with the results of six municipalities in the metropolitan region of Recife (MRR). The evaluation of the management of the municipality of Caruaru regarding the CDW indicated the low performance of the municipality since, of the four groups of instruments used, three of them were low grades, and only in the indicators of instruments for policies obtained the average grade. With the diagnosis of a low degree of sustainability in relation to the management of CDW, it is evident that there must be a restructuring in the management of the municipality so that what is established and agreed upon in the Municipal Solid Waste Plan (MSWP) is commenced.

Investigating Residential Attitudes and Perceptions of Solid Waste Generation Management System in Makindye Division of Kampala

The goal of this study is to determine residents' attitudes, perceptions, and understanding of the Makindye division's solid waste management system, as well as make recommendations about solid waste generation, planning, and control measures. For district authorities and municipalities that lack the requisite logistical skills to handle the expanding solid waste, managing collected solid waste has recently become a baffling and intimidating challenge. Essentially, the management of solid waste creation is inadequate and ineffective as a result of insufficient regulatory regulations, low technical capabilities, and a lack of public awareness, leading in environmental contamination and a variety of health problems. A poll of 400 respondents in the division was used to collect primary data. The data was analyzed using SPSS software programs. The findings show that increasing the amount of effort put into solid waste treatment reduces the amount of solid waste generated. The results revealed a strong link between management and the environment, as well as a p-value. Furthermore, the findings show that the p-value is strongly linked to management and health. When measured by the mean and standard deviation, attitudes and perceptions are statistically significant. To develop a health-hazard-free environment, it is concluded that a collaborative effort by all stakeholders, as well as the application of sustainable environmental education, is required. As a result, it is vital that environmental protection and community authorities collaborate to improve the quality of life in urban areas while also anticipating future concerns.

GERAÇÃO E COMPOSIÇÃO GRAVIMÉTRICA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EM MUNICÍPIOS DO SEMIÁRIDO DE ALAGOAS

The generation of solid urban waste (MSW) has grown significantly in recent decades, mainly due to the increase in population and urban areas. Thus, it is necessary to know the quantity and composition of these materials, especially in small municipalities, where the management of this waste is still deficient. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the production of solid urban waste and its gravimetry in eight municipalities in the sertão of Alagoas. As a source of data, the State Solid Waste Plan of the State of Alagoas - Sertão Region and economic information from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed. The municipalities were characterized by a low urban population and low GDP per capita values. High variability was observed for the daily generation of MSW, with the predominance of the organic fraction, followed by plastic. On the other hand, low percentages of metals (<5%) were observed. The ACP explained 69.2% of the original variance of the data in the first two axes and evidenced the strong association between economic aspects and the gravimetric composition of the residues. In view of the large amount of organic material present in the residues of the study area, actions for the use and proper disposal of this fraction, such as composting, should be encouraged.

Better public decisions on COVID-19: A thought experiment in metrics

ObjectivesPoor decision-making is a hallmark of the COVID-19 pandemic. Better metrics would help improve decision-makers' understanding of the scope of the pandemic and allow for better public understanding/review of these decisions. Study designTwo novel metrics of disease impact were compared with more commonly used standard metrics. MethodsA multi-criteria decision analysis technique, used previously to support metric selection in solid waste planning, was adapted to compare number of deaths, hospitalisations, positive test results and positivity rates (standard COVID-19 impact metrics) with a simple model that estimates the total number of potentially infectious people in an area and an associated odds ratio for infectious people. ResultsThe odds ratio and total infectious population estimate metrics scored better in a comparison analysis than number of deaths, hospitalisations, positive test results and positivity rates (in that order). ConclusionsThe novel metrics provide a more effective means of communication than other more common measures of the outbreak. These superior metrics should support decision-making processes and result in a more informed population.

Violação ao princípio do mínimo existencial ecológico na inexistência de plano nacional de resíduos sólidos

As implicações da ausência de um Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos no atingimento de meta instituída na Política Nacional de Políticas Públicas de eliminação e recuperação dos lixões no país, são violações ao princípio do mínimo existencial ecológico. O objetivo desta pesquisa é demonstrar que a ausência de um Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos possui implicações no atingimento das metas de eliminação e recuperação dos lixões, bem como interferem na violação do princípio ao mínimo existencial ecológico. Utilizou-se a pesquisa indutiva e qualitativa, com técnicas de levantamento teórico-bibliográfico em leis, doutrinas e jurisprudências, em especial com pesquisa em artigos científicos. A violação do princípio do mínio existencial pela inexistência do Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos.

Sustainability indicators for municipal solid waste management: A case study of the Recife Metropolitan Region, Brazil.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Brazil faces major challenges in order to meet the requirements proposed by the National Solid Waste Policy, which has been in force since 2010 and complicates decision-making, especially in small municipalities. In this context, sustainability indicators are important support tools that help in setting out performance actions for municipal sustainable development. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the four sustainability dimensions (social, environmental, economic, and legal/institutional) using sustainability indicators for MSW management in the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) in Northeast Brazil. To do this, the progress of the region was evaluated against the principal goals and guidelines proposed by solid waste plans and by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It was found that some progress has been achieved in recent years, such as the closure of dumps, a reduction of the per capita MSW mass collected, and an increase in the coverage rate for solid household waste collection. However, selective collection and financial autonomy still fall well short of the region's goals. According to the results of this study, municipalities in the RMR require more environmental education and joint actions involving government, the private sector, and the general population.

Geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos: aplicação de um indicador de sustentabilidade em um município do semiárido alagoano

O grande aumento da população humana nas últimas décadas, associado as diversas atividades antrópicas trouxe um incremento considerável na geração de resíduos, principalmente os resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Visando quantificar essa apropriação sobre o meio ambiente, diversas ferramentas foram desenvolvidas, com especial destaque para a Pegada Ecológica (PE), um dos indicadores de sustentabilidade mais difundidos na atualidade. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a geração e a gravimetria dos resíduos sólidos urbanos e aplicar a Pegada Ecológica para a geração desses materiais no município de Dois Riachos, Alagoas, e foi pautado em uma pesquisa descritiva e com natureza quantitativa. Os dados relativos à geração e gravimetria foram obtidos através do Plano Estadual de Resíduos Sólidos do Estado de Alagoas. Foram quantificados a PE per capita e total da área de estudo. Os resultados mostraram uma taxa de geração per capita de RSU de 0,57 kg/dia por habitante, o que levou a uma produção anual de 1168 toneladas, composta em sua maioria (64,85%) de material orgânico. A PE per capita foi de 0,1160 hectares globais (gha), já a PE total dos RSU foi de 651,41 gha. A Pegada Ecológica se mostrou como um indicador de fácil aplicação e interpretação dos resultados.

A research at sustainable urban scale: example of Çanakkale.

The aim of the study is to assess the renewability of the urban texture in Çanakkale, to recycling and renewable energy resources within the scope of sustainability of physical, ecologic, and social life cycles. Urban development is revealed in concepts like ecologic, smart, sustainable, and green town for town concepts. Within the framework of sustainable town approaches, this study assesses Çanakkale at the point of green space planning; urban solid, gas, and liquid waste management and planning; and recycling of agricultural waste by researching cyclical operations and processes and literature studies. Additionally, SWOT analysis is performed on the rapidly changing and developing sustainable structure in Çanakkale with attempts made to develop recommendations about the status in the near future. The study is important as no similar study has been performed in Çanakkale and in terms of partly illuminating the potential of the town as a sustainable town. The green space per person of 3.05 m2 is well below the standards and is indicated as one of the leading results within the scope of the study. This situation makes it mandatory to increase planning for esthetic and functional green space within the town in general. Additionally, the water sample after treatment in the wastewater treatment plant had total suspended solid matter of 29 mg/L and was identified at ideal levels. Chemical and biochemical oxygen demands provided similar results. As a result, it was revealed that river water does not represent a risk in terms of human health. Within the scope of notable points, with multiple management and planning strategies, rational steps should be taken about renewability and recycling of solid, liquid, and gas wastes. Rational use of all natural and cultural resources by administrators and local government with cooperation of non-governmental organizations will improve the current conditions in Çanakkale and make considerable strides to becoming a sustainable city.

Revisão Sobre o Saneamento Básico Dos Municípios do Entorno da Baía Babitonga

The National Plan for Basic Sanitation is based on the regulation of basic sanitation in all national municipalities, based on the principles of water supply, sewage, urban cleaning and solid waste management, ensuring the safety and health of the population. This study was based on a bibliographical review of the municipal solid waste and basic sanitation plans of the six municipalities around Babitonga Bay. All municipalities analyzed have companies responsible for water treatment. The six municipalities evaluated have a water treatment plant, with reservoir. The extension of the water network, adding all the municipalities is of 2,610,668 meters. However, it does not yet cover the entire population, which is why some residents still collect water from wells, springs, and others. Only Joinville and Araquari, have a sewage collection system with treatment plant. Although all municipalities are adapting to the effluent treatment system, none of them are consolidated in the plan, most of which have individual treatment systems (septic tank) as the final disposal of the municipalities’ sewage. All six municipalities in the vicinity of Babitonga Bay have solid waste collection and only Balneário Barra do Sul, do not have a selective collection of solid waste. Keywords: Municipal Plans; Water treatment, Basic sanitation.

Actors, epistemic communities and policy change: analysis of the solid waste policy in Guarulhos (SP)

Abstract This article analyzes the formulation and implementation of the solid waste policy in the city of Guarulhos, with an emphasis on the political process of disputing ideas, interests and instruments of public policies between political actors, epistemic communities and public managers. This research problematizes how the municipality of Guarulhos was a pioneer in the development of the Municipal Solid Waste Plan. The objective was to articulate analytical categories of public policy making to discuss the political role of a network of actors from the solid waste epistemic community in the change of policy in Guarulhos. Through the analysis of secondary data (bibliographic research) and primary data (decrees, laws, minutes of meetings and interviews with strategic actors), it is possible to verify the process of changing the image of the solid waste policy, especially regarding the issue of civil construction waste disposal, through the transfer and learning of specialists acting as political actors in the subsystem of this policy.

Evaluation of solid waste management sustainability of a coastal municipality from northeastern Brazil

Municipal solid waste has increased in volume all over the world. In developing countries in particular this may cause severe impacts to the environment and public health. In Brazil, many municipalities present difficulties to sustainably manage their solid waste. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate waste management quality in a coastal municipality in Brazil, Mata de São João, and test the applicability of a system of indicators to reach this goal. A sustainability indicator matrix for municipal solid waste management was used, which was based on the five sustainability dimensions defined by the Brazilian National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW) (political, economic, environmental, cultural, and social). Results indicated that Mata de São João presents low municipal solid waste management sustainability due to: (i) lack of an Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Plan; (ii) absence of selective waste collection; (iii) economic insufficiency of public cleaning service; (iv) environmental education restricted to tourist areas; (v) absence of means for social control over public policies related to solid waste; and (vi) lack of a social inclusion program for the municipality's recyclable material collectors. Comparisons with reports of Brazilian federal agencies and research institutes indicated that the problems faced by Mata de São João regarding its adequacy to the NPSW are similar to those of other small municipalities in Brazil. The methodology used in the present study can be easily conducted by municipal technicians and managers who have access to information concerning this issue and can also be used in other Brazilian municipalities.

Approaches to integrate sustainable materials management into waste management planning and policy

Many solid waste policy makers are adopting sustainability practices following one of the three most commonly followed approaches: zero-waste, circular economy, and sustainable materials management (SMM). Although some communities have embraced these models, challenges remain to integrate these concepts into solid waste policy and planning. Several approaches for integrating SMM were demonstrated. The approaches centered on using SMM concepts to prioritize and strategically plan for more sustainable waste management and to create performance metrics to track solid waste management system progress. Waste information from five regions were compiled to assess current data adequacy; necessary data were in many cases limited. Findings showed that many of the regions will need to better track and report their individual materials generated and disposed of to more accurately apply SMM. Among the common outcomes of the SMM approaches illustrated was the need to better target specific materials in the waste stream for recovery, such as metal and paper products. Other findings included the need to more effectively promote and track waste reduction efforts given the dramatic beneficial outcomes when using an SMM-based performance metric, such as an energy use reduction goal.

A review of the influence of municipal sustainable supply chain management on South Africa’s recycling performance

This paper reviews the influence of municipal sustainable chain management on South Africa’s recycling performance. In this study, municipal supply chain management systems are identified as one of the major factors that influence the lack of municipal solid waste services in communities (including recycling performance in South Africa). Through an in-depth analysis of secondary data and a meta-analysis of available data, this study examines the positive and negative reactions of supply chain management systems to sustainable and unsustainable approaches to municipal solid waste practices. The concept of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is used in this paper to refer to a comprehensive and efficient mechanism that integrates the municipal solid waste planning and procurement systems of the municipality. Thus, SSCM is the recommended model for addressing South Africa’s challenges in terms of services delivery, particularly the solid waste challenges, and it integrates indigenous and modern systems of waste management.

Alinhamento de legislações de estados e municípios brasileiros com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos

O estabelecimento de políticas que visem a redução da produção, destinação e a disposição adequada de resíduos, a fim de reduzir os impactos ambientais tem sido evidenciado em todo o mundo neste século. Neste estudo, analisou-se o grau de alinhamento entre a legislação federal e as legislações estaduais e municipais referentes a resíduos sólidos em municípios do mesmo porte de Joinville, Santa Catarina, e investigou-se as práticas sobre planos de resíduos sólidos, coleta seletiva e disposição final nesses municípios. A seleção destes se deu a partir de dados sociodemográficos oficiais, utilizando os seguintes critérios: população, densidade demográfica, índice de desenvolvimento humano e pertencentes a diferentes regiões do Brasil. A análise das legislações estaduais e municipais frente à lei nacional ocorreu por critérios pré-estabelecidos. Os resultados indicaram um desalinhamento nos conceitos entre as legislações estaduais e municipais com a Lei Federal. O enquadramento da lei de Joinville, Santa Catarina foi satisfatório. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de revisão e atualização dessas legislações e práticas que envolvam o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos, principalmente nos municípios de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais e Porto Velho, Rondônia que necessitam se adequar em relação aos prazos estabelecidos em Lei Federal.

MUNICIPAL BASIC SANITATION PLANNING: A METHODOLOGY OF SUPPORT FOR LOCAL PUBLIC MANAGEMENT AND A CASE

The Itaipu Technological Park Foundation in partnership with Itaipu Binacional develops actions in the western Paraná/Brazil purposing the promotion of a regional dialogue on basic sanitation and its relevance on health. Therefore, a methodology of technical support to public management was developed for Basic Sanitation and Solid Waste Plans, in consonance with the counties reality and contributing to universal access to sanitation services and legal compliance. According to the Brazilian Policy on Basic Sanitation (Federal Law 11455/2007), municipalities should plan their public services in the four axes, and in this context, the processes that define the support methodology we redefined, such as: assistance to prioritization of the social dialogue; technical support for diagnosis and formulation of goals and projects; and institution of the Municipal Policies. This study presents the methodology applied in Pato Bragado/PR, where the motivation of the county’s technicians was observed, as well as the effectiveness of social mobilization and the awareness of municipal management as key points for boosting sanitation actions. Since it is provided and supervised by the Public Administration, basic sanitation planning is not delegable. However, the possibility of intervention presented as a viable alternative for reinforcement of the duty, technical strengthening of the planning, and guarantee of legal compliance, presenting great return.

Using a fuzzy TOPSIS-based scenario analysis to improve municipal solid waste planning and forecasting: A case study of Canary archipelago (1999–2030)

In this paper the Canary archipelago is used as a study case to analyse and improve the municipal solid waste (MSW) planning process. The research has been conducted in four steps, namely, the Delphi technique helped to capture the knowledge of the local experts, the fuzzy TOPSIS to rank the MSW treatment methods more consistently, the System Dynamics to design a mathematical model based on MSW official historical data from 1999 up to 2014, and Scenario Analysis to forecast the future evolution of the MSW until 2030 under different policies. According to the results obtained by simulating several possible and desirable scenarios, the model predicts that by maintaining the current policies (Business As Usual scenario), it will be impossible to meet the targets of the MSW European Directive. The model also estimates the annual ratios to be reached for each component of the MSW so that they can comply with the European Directive, e.g. regarding to recycling (Scenario 2) and organic and rest fraction collection (Scenario 3) and the influences of the resident population and the equivalent touristic population on the total MSW generation until 2030. This methodological approach could be replicated in other territories.

MSW management in São Paulo city and the national policy of solid waste

The objective of this paper is to present a brief overview of the current situation of solid waste in Brazil, as well as the importance of the National Policy of Solid Waste as the main regulatory milestone of the country, clarifying the role of society, government and the private sector. Moreover, this law is essential for determining the closing of dumps, encouraging municipal consortia and establishing a hierarchy for solid waste management through waste reduction at source, reuse, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. Also it aims to understand how São Paulo, the most important city of Brazil, is currently facing the problem and what are the scenarios and proposals indicated in the Integrated Management Solid Waste Plan of the city to get the sustainable solid waste management of São Paulo in operation.

OS OBSTÁCULOS PARA UMA EFETIVA POLÍTICA DE GESTÃO DOS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO BRASIL

A gestão de resíduos sólidos, no Brasil, é deficitária por falhas políticas e normativas. O crescimento populacional e a inovação tecnológica aumentam a geração de resíduos, mas o gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos pode ser realizado a partir de normas efetivas. Por outro lado, o processo de elaboração das leis a partir do envolvimento de atores e de interesses divergentes prejudica a efetividade de sua implementação. Partindo desse pressuposto, o processo de elaboração normativa e regulamentar brasileiro deve ser avaliado na tentativa de identificar pontos falhos que possam ser melhorados. Interessante ainda será na proposição de melhorias a tal sistema, por meio de um estudo comparado com o sistema europeu, que tem demonstrado sucesso na implementação de sua política para gestão de resíduos. Sendo assim, este artigo analisou a elaboração normativa paralelamente à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS - no Brasil e com a Diretiva 2008/98/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho da União Europeia. Fica evidente, a partir dos instrumentos da PNRS, a inabilidade dos sistemas deliberativos de tomada de decisão no Brasil, como a demora na oficialização do Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, na assinatura dos acordos setoriais e as lições que poderiam ser retiradas da prática europeia nesse setor.