Solid Waste Collection Research Articles

Cartografia da gestão de resíduos sólidos no sul da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract Although the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy is in force, cities continue to face difficulties in complying with it, thus perpetuating negative environmental impacts caused by solid waste. This study analyzed, from a cartographic perspective, the deficits and the implications of inadequate urban solid waste management in an area of the Brazilian northeast. A questionnaire structured in 3 sections and 26 questions (management of public cleaning services, waste collection, and solid waste disposal) was applied to eight managers of the municipal agencies responsible for solid waste areas. The quality index of landfills was applied, and the gravimetric characterization of solid waste was performed by the technique of quartering and segregation of waste in visits to the disposal sites of each city. It was identified that 75% of the cities do not have hierarchical strategies for prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling, and adequate treatment of urban solid waste, with insufficient budget. Only one city collects throughout its perimeter, and the waste collected is destined to open dumps considered inadequate or of low quality. The waste mass is composed, on average, of 50% organics, 20% rejects, 15% plastics, and 9% paper and cardboard. The recent Brazil sanitation regulation can be a way to reduce the aggravation and regularize the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste.

Short-term time series forecasting for multi-site municipal solid waste management

Smart containers equipped with ultrasonic sensors at waste and recycle facilities allow waste and recycling companies to build a more efficient and data-driven approach for the collection of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this paper, we propose three time series algorithms that predict the MSW generation of six waste types, using data obtained from smart sensors placed inside 3,640 containers at facilities in six municipalities in the Netherlands. Per neighborhood and per waste type, three models are developed: a Seasonal Näıve Benchmark model, ensemble models of Error, trend, seasonality models with external variables (ETSX), and Quantile Regression models with external variables. According to the RMSE, the ETSX model is the outperforming model for 74% of the time. It is also found that poor weather conditions such as precipitation, wind gusts and thunderstorms result in less waste disposal. The proposed prediction models can be used for more efficient waste collection, in order to collect waste before the fll rate percentage exceeds 100%. In future studies the inclusion of spatial variables and clustering of the containers can be considered.

Collection and transport of municipal solid waste in a developing Country: the case of Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon

Collection and transport of municipal solid waste in a developing Country: the case of Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon

Proposition of a model for estimation of household solid urban waste collection costs in small municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

RESUMO Este trabalho buscou desenvolver uma ferramenta que auxiliasse os gestores de pequenos municípios brasileiros a otimizarem os custos. Para isso, foram utilizados municípios de pequeno porte, com até 30 mil habitantes, participantes do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS), os quais, de acordo com o SNIS, são os que possuem maior dificuldade para cobrir os seus custos com a prestação de serviço de manejo dos resíduos sólidos. Por análise estatística e regressão linear múltipla, buscou-se propor um modelo matemático para determinar o custo de coleta para esses municípios, considerando o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos domiciliares (RSUD): prestação por administração direta, administração direta por serviços terceirizados sem consórcio e terceirização com consórcio para os modelos. As variáveis consideradas foram a distância até o local de disposição final e a geração per capita de RSDU fornecidos pelo SNIS. Os resultados mostraram que é possível encontrar um modelo de custo de coleta para municípios cuja prestação é feita pela administração direta terceirizando o serviço, levando-se em conta a distância até o local de disposição. Para municípios que realizam a coleta por consórcio intermunicipal, o modelo pondera, além da distância de disposição final, a geração per capita de resíduos sólidos municipais. Por fim, não se pôde chegar a um modelo para municípios cuja responsabilidade pelo serviço é exclusiva da administração direta municipal, por poucos municípios adotarem esse modelo de prestação de serviço e seus dados apresentarem dispersão muito grande.

Solid waste collection efficiency among South African municipalities

Solid waste collection efficiency among South African municipalities

GIS-based tools for optimising municipal solid waste collection and transportation routes

GIS-based tools for optimising municipal solid waste collection and transportation routes

Evaluation of Solid Waste Management in Al- Samawah City

The purpose of this study was to look into the evaluation of waste disposal stages (collection, storing, treatment, transporting, and landfilling) in addition to additional variables, including financial status, population size, and the technical methods employed to identify relationships with the handling of waste using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The AL-Samawah municipality's waste management wasn't staged due to no sorting and treatment processes, and the work was limited to solid waste collection and transportation. The landfill stage was carried out in a manner that did not preserve the environment and was limited to dumping waste on the earth's surface or digging a shallow trench into which waste was placed and backfilled. It is evident through costs, as collection and transportation costs account for 95% of total waste management costs. Working families generated more waste than non-working families, ranging from 3 to 15%, due to their reliance on fast food wrapped in plastic and cork containers, which generates more waste. The regression equations were created to predict the dumping cost based on the dependent variables: transportation and collection. The R2 values were 0.77.

Granger Causality and Kuznets Environmental Curve: An Analysis of the Relationship between Municipal Solid Waste Collection, Per Capita Income and GDP Per Capita in Brazil

Granger Causality and Kuznets Environmental Curve: An Analysis of the Relationship between Municipal Solid Waste Collection, Per Capita Income and GDP Per Capita in Brazil

Foreign Experience in Renovation of Pedestrian Spaces in Coastal Territories

In this scientific work, pedestrian spaces of embankments, boulevards, streets of the central part of the city are considered from the perspective of architectural and planning principles and compositional techniques used in their formation. The foreign and historical experience of renovation of pedestrian spaces of the central part of the city, as well as coastal territories is considered. The interrelation of pedestrian spaces and the planning structure of the city as a whole is revealed. Variants of the organization of pedestrian streets in residential buildings have been studied. The reasons for the design that negatively and positively affect the creation of pedestrian spaces are determined. The ecological situation in Russia (on the example of Novosibirsk) related to recycling collection points is studied separately, possible ways of solving the problem for creating environmentally comfortable pedestrian and walking spaces of the city are proposed. Proposals are made to use the positively proven experience of European countries and the United Arab Emirates in the field of solid municipal waste management in the Russian Federation, successful domestic projects are presented. The results obtained show the importance of developing a network of solid waste collection points in Novosibirsk within pedestrian spaces.

Income and Value Chain Activities in Informal Solid Waste Collection in Tandale, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

This study investigated on income and value chain activities in informal solid waste collection in Tandale, Dar es Salaam. The study involved the samples of 83 individuals using a non-probability purposive technique. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire and open ended interview guide. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study established that the youth engaged in the informal solid waste collection without knowledge and skills on the use of personal protective equipment in executing the waste collection. Young people engaged in the informal solid waste collection regardless their gender age and education status. However, participation varied according to gender as males highly engaged compared to females. The decrease of number of waste collector was proportional to the increase of age. While primary education holders were leading in the informal solid waste collection, even university graduates participated. While the youth engaged in the informal solid collection were less respected by community members, they perceived source of income as a driving factor for engaging in solid waste collection. However, the amount generated was very minimal for sustainability especially in undertaking obligatory life requirements such as food, health care and personal servings. The study recommends that the government should set appropriate policies and strategies in running waste management so that it can attract all age groups as a source of employment.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pengumpulan dan Pengangkutan Sampah Padat dengan Efisiensi Rute Menggunakan K-Means Clustering dan Travelling Salesman Problem

The increasing population growth and rapid urbanization have resulted in large amounts of solid municipal waste (SMW). Nowadays, the problem of waste management is a problem that is being experienced by every country in the world. As a result, implementing efficient waste management strategies is increasingly needed. The collection and transportation of solid waste is the most important thing to pay attention to in waste management efficiency to reduce the costs of collecting and transporting solid waste. The research started by collecting data and interviewing the environmental services of Semarang City about the waste transportation system in Semarang City. The results of the data and interviews will then be used as a reference for the system analysis to be made. Then proceed with designing information systems. After that, the information system was developed by applying the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) method using a heuristic in the form of K-means Clustering. With the help of OR-Tools, TSP completion does not require node distance, just inputting the coordinates of each node. The study closed system testing. This research proposes a new approach to solving TSP. First is the process of assembling nodes into several clusters. Then, look for the shortest route in each cluster. The research resulted in 21 routes in 16 corridors to transport waste in Semarang City, presented on a map on a web-based Information System as Decision Support System (DSS). The comparison of the methods shows that TSP is the most suitable for this case.

Thực trạng quản lý chất thải rắn y tế và một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng tại viện Y Dược học Dân Tộc thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2020

Objectives: This study has two objectives as the follows: to describe the management situation medical solid waste management and some factors affecting of solid medical waste management at the Traditional Medicine Institute Ho Chi Minh City by 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative method. medical solid waste storage tanks, medical solid waste transportation vehicles, medical solid waste storage area at 13 clinical and subclinical with 130 times of classifying and collecting, 52 times of transporting, 16 times of storage and 13 times returning to medical equipment. Information gathered through 4 in-depth interviews with 4 leaders of the Institute, department, department and 3 group discussions. Qualitative data was collected from 04 in-dept interviews and 03 focus groups discussion. Main findings: The research results show: sorting of medical solid waste at source and non-communicable hazardous medical solid waste must be put into a black bag / bin reaching=90%; in the stage of medical solid waste collection: the content of not collecting medical solid waste together reaches 92.3%; medical solid waste is transported according to the prescribed road, reaching 92.3%; Medical solid waste content that does not contain the same barrels and in solid medical waste warehouses must have a centralized waste container with a lid in accordance with regulations, all reaching 93.7%. The Institute has 4 medical solid waste warehouses that fully comply with the regulations on the management of medical solid waste, only not meeting the warehouse area. Key words: Solid medical waste, influenced factor, Traditional Medicine Institute Ho Chi Minh City.

Impact of the profile of public-private partnership projects on the economic potential of Central Asian countries

The object of this study were projects based on public-private partnership. The results of the state of public-private partnership projects in various sectors of the economy of the Central Asian countries and the assessment of the prospects for their development are presented. The study uses a comparative public-private partnership project and a forecast analysis of the economic performance of the economies of the Central Asian countries. A comparative analysis revealed the predominant areas of public-private partnership projects. The Republic of Kazakhstan is ahead of other Central Asian countries in the implementation of public-private partnership projects with a total cost of USD 2. 863 billion. There are 136 projects in the Republic of Uzbekistan, dominated by the sphere of housing and communal services (collection, removal, sorting, and processing of solid household waste) and the field of culture and sports. There are three agricultural projects in the Kyrgyz Republic. In the Republic of Tajikistan, 32 projects are being developed, mainly aimed at the development of transport infrastructure. Turkmenistan is implementing two projects related to transport infrastructure and manufacturing. Forecast analysis of economic indicators of countries makes it possible to identify the prerequisites for the use of market mechanisms to improve the agriculture of countries and the prospects for development from implementation for the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The most important task of the strategic development of countries with commodity economies is to increase food security. The creation of favorable conditions for the development of economic relations between the state and the private sector is inextricably linked with the need to provide state support measures and legal regulation

Overview of the technologies of the collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of municipal solid waste

Solving the problem of the lack of effective technologies for the recovery of solid municipal waste consists, first of all, of the construction of an effective technological scheme for the collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of municipal waste. Achieving the goals of reducing the volume of municipal waste disposal to 30% in 2030, which are set by the National Strategy for Waste Management in Ukraine until 2030, is possible by applying coordinated technological stages of collection, transportation, recovery and disposal of municipal waste in settlements and territorial communities.Research is aimed at organizing effective and unified management of solid waste flows, their proper storage, collection, transportation, processing, and disposal taking into account the resource potential of solid waste, the need and feasibility of implementing a certain technology for processing, recovery and disposal of waste, taking into account its characteristics and application limitations, and the need to minimize the environmental burden associated with waste.The purpose and task of this publication are to describe the complete technological cycle of waste management and establish a sequence of unified methodical approaches to the stages and technological processes of solid household waste management (collection, transportation, recovery and disposal).

Managing Municipal Solid Waste Issues; Sources, Composition, Disposal, Recycling, and Volarization, Chililabombwe District, Zambia

Solid waste continues to pose important challenges to our environment on a daily basis. Insufficient solid waste management systems and equipment have contributed to the alteration to the ecosystems, including water, air, and soil pollution that infringes on the health of the general public that is associated with health ailments like cholera and other food and water borne diseases. Chililabombwe district’s face has continued to be dented with the unkempt environment with littered solid waste that has become a stinging and widespread challenge, especially in the urban areas of the district. Solid waste (SW) collection and working disposal systems are the major problems of the urban environment in most developing countries worldwide. MSW management solutions are financially dependable for the technical viable, socially inclement, and legally accepted. Solid waste management remained the biggest challenge that all the local authorities in Zambia and many developing countries in Africa. Commercialization or valorization of organic food waste was one of the important research areas that could combat the increased solid waste in the environmental causing environmental degradation. The objective of this study was to address matters that would respond positively to the waste management crisis in the district. As waste continues to be accumulated, with its high generation, more technologies are sought in the area of treatment and exploitation of organic and municipal waste through composting and anaerobic digestion in the management of waste. The lack of technologies and machinery has equally downplayed the essence of waste management in the Chililabombwe district. Keywords: Anaerobic, Digestion, Landfill, Organic, Solid wastes, Valorization.

Analysing Household Willingness and Ability to Pay for Solid Waste: A Case Study of Karachi

Karachi being the industrial and commercial hub, comprising a population belonging to multiple cultures, is facing many types of socio-economic issues with solid waste at top of the list. District Municipalities lack the financial resources and capacity to provide the needed infrastructure to ensure the timely collection and disposal of solid waste. The public’s involvement and financial support therefore can assist the provincial and local governments in resolving solid waste management concerns. The aim of this study is to investigate the socioeconomic status of households to assess their willingness to pay for solid waste management. A comprehensive household survey from Karachi has been carried out to achieve the aforementioned objective. The results revealed that households’ willingness to pay ranged from Rs. 50 to Rs. 5,300 per month. The average number of households paying for a particular service (our selection variable) was around 70 percent, and the average per-capita income of the surveyed households was around Rs. 19,000. Interestingly, the results predict that households’ Ability to pay was substantially greater than their Willingness to Pay, implying the need for motivating measures to persuade families to pay more to manage solid waste.

Municipal Solid Waste Collection Services in Rapidly Growing Cities of Tanzania

Globally, rapid urban and population growth poses a huge problem for solid waste management (SWM), with developing countries’ fast-growing cities having more SWM challenges than industrialized countries. In Mbeya, Tanzania, a study to investigate the performance of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collection services was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional research design, and a mixed research approach. Questionnaires, interviews, field observations, and document reviews were used to gather information. Among the indicators used to evaluate the performance of Solid Waste (SW) collection services were the levels of community participation in SW collection, means of SW collection, coverage, amount of SW collected daily, facilities for SW collection and transportation, timely SW removal from collection points, and the ability to address SW collection challenges. Quantitative data was analysed using the IBM-SPSS software. Multiple response functions in SPSS were used to analyse questions with more than one answer, while content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. The findings indicate that MSW collection services in Mbeya City are under-performing due to a number of factors, including the lack of vehicles and solid waste storage facilities, delays in removing solid waste from collection points, low city council budget allocation and disbursement for SWM activities, and the lack of willingness of the Mbeya City Council to address MSW collection challenges. It is thus concluded that adopting and enhancing the publicprivate partnership model in SWM is critical to addressing MSW collection difficulties in Tanzania’s rapidly growing cities.

An AHP-TOWS Analysis of Options for Promoting Disaster Risk Reduction Infrastructure in Informal Settlements of Greater Giyani Local Municipality, South Africa

In the face of unstoppable urbanisation, disaster risks are projected to increase, mainly in unplanned areas that usually lack disaster risk reducing infrastructure. In Africa, including South Africa, limited resources and capacity hinder the provision of such infrastructure. The objective of this study was to determine options for promoting disaster risk reducing infrastructure in informal settlements in Giyani Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa, a disaster risk-prone area. A case study was conducted to collect primary data from purposively selected experts and the SWOT factors from the Integrated Development Plan Report of 2019/2020. A TOWS analytical hierarchical process was applied to pairwise comparisons of factors to prioritize them using eigenvalues and generate strategic options for promoting disaster risk reduction infrastructure in the informal settlements of Giyani Local Municipality. In the TOWS results, the experts suggested integrating traditional authorities into the municipal development processes, implementing an environmental framework that includes disaster management policies and an integrated waste management plan, and developing innovative technological projects that provide up-to-date spatial planning data to provide disaster risk reducing infrastructure in informal areas. This study concludes that the provision of affordable housing, clean regular piped water, storm and sewer drainage systems, street lighting, accessible routes, solid waste collection, electricity, and healthcare services would reduce a range of disaster risks.

A hybrid firefly and particle swarm optimization algorithm with local search for the problem of municipal solid waste collection: a real-life example

A hybrid firefly and particle swarm optimization algorithm with local search for the problem of municipal solid waste collection: a real-life example

Management of classified municipal solid waste should focus on odor pollution and ozone formation potential caused by VOCs

VOCs, generated during municipal solid waste sorting, collection, transportation and treatment, are important causes of odor pollution and ozone formation. Sampling was conducted at 11 sampling sites in Suzhou waste stream 1 (other waste from a residential quarter, a transfer station, and a landfill) and waste stream 2 (kitchen waste from a residential quarter and waste from an anaerobic digestion plant). VOC emissions were mainly from the anaerobic digestion plant (31.8 mg/m3) and transfer station (22.9 mg/m3), while the emissions from the residential quarter and landfill were relatively small (from 113 to 982 μg/m3). Based on the theoretical value of odor potential, the anaerobic digestion plant and transfer station were also major sites of odor pollution, with ethanol, limonene, p-diethylbenzene and dimethyl sulfide as priority odor pollutants in the former and limonene in the transfer station. The anaerobic digestion plant and the transfer station also contributed most of the ozone formation potential. Ethanol, limonene and acetone were the priority pollutants of ozone formation in the anaerobic digestion plant, while it was toluene in the landfill, ethanol and limonene in the transfer station, and limonene in the kitchen waste. Anaerobic digestion plants and transfer stations should become the focus for management to reduce ozone formation potential and odor pollution. The study will provide information for theoretical value odor and ozone control of MSW and has reference value for MSW treatments in other developing areas and countries.