Solid Phase Research Articles

DEM-CFD coupling verification and analysis of a sand control medium structure with weakened particle blockage performance

This study addresses the prominent contradiction between solid phase control and production capacity release during the exploitation of natural gas hydrate in fine silty sand reservoirs. A novel mechanical sand control medium structure incorporating the filter slots/nets (referred to as the sand control component, SCC) and the cylindrical/spherical structures placed outside the SCC (referred to as the blockage control component, BCC) has been designed. Concurrently, a DEM-CFD sand-retaining numerical model is developed, and the traditional/new structural screens have been separately simulated for sand retention. Through the spatiotemporal evolution of DEM and CFD characteristic model parameters during simulation, the blockage mechanism and characteristics of fine particles are obtained. Compared to the traditional screen structure without a BCC, the existence of a BCC effectively evacuates particles within the accumulated sand body towards the wellbore, reducing the compactness and stress level within the sand body; while the pressure loss generated by fluid flow through the sand body decreases, significantly improving the porous and permeable conditions within the sand body. The degree of influence of a BCC on different DEM and CFD characteristic model parameters is further determined and ranked. A comprehensive blockage optimization index is introduced to quantify the performance of weakening sand blockage by the BCC and optimize the spatial position of the BCC. The BCC enables the design of sand control schemes to reduce the filter aperture of the SCC to a sufficiently small size to effectively control the fine silty sand production, while avoiding gradually severe blockage as production progresses.

Molecularly imprinted beads based on modified cellulose hydrogel:A novel solid phase extraction filler for specific adsorption of camptothecin

Traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) suffers from a lack of specific adsorption. To overcome this problem, a combination of adsorption method and molecular imprinting technology by polydopamine modification was proposed to realize specific recognition of target compounds in SPE, which is of great significance to improve the separation efficiency of SPE. Cellulose hydrogel beads were prepared by dual cross-linking curing method and modified with polydopamine to make them hydrophilic and biocompatible. Subsequently, cellulose hydrogel-based molecularly imprinted beads (MIBs) were synthesized by surface molecular imprinting technology and used as novel column fillers in SPE to achieve efficient adsorption (34.16 mg·g−1) with specific selectivity towards camptothecin (CPT) in 120 min. The simulation and NMR analysis revealed that recognition mechanism of MIBs involved hydrogen bond interactions and Van der Waals effect. The MIBs were successful used in separating CPT from Camptotheca acuminata fruits, exhibiting impressive adsorption capacity (1.19 mg·g−1) and efficient recovery of CPT (81.54 %). Thus, an environmentally friendly column filler for SPE was developed, offering a promising avenue for utilizing cellulose-based materials in the selective separation of natural products.

Synthon Approach in Crystal Engineering to Modulate Physicochemical Properties in Organic Salts of Chlorpropamide.

The formulation of drug with improved bioavailability is always challenging and indispensable in the field of pharmaceutics. The control of intermolecular interactions via crystal engineering approach and solid-state molecular recognition results in the formation of active drug molecules with modulated pharmacological benefits. Therefore, with the aim to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug chlorpropamide (CPA), the mechanochemical liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) of the drug with several pharmaceutically accepted excipients was performed. This contributed to the discovery of six novel solid phases, namely salts, salt cocrystals and salt cocrystal hydrate─the salt of CPA with 3, 4-diaminopyridine (DAP); salt and salt cocrystal (SC) polymorph (Z″=3) with 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO); a salt, SC polymorph (Z″=9), and a SC hydrate (Z″=9) with piperazine (PIP). The formation of these salts and salt cocrystals are mainly guided by the strong hydrogen bonds with tunable strength having high electrostatic contribution. This attractive interaction brings the donor and the acceptor atoms close to each other for a facile proton transfer. Furthermore, the conformational constraints on the drug molecules, provided by the excipients via strong and directional hydrogen bonds, are quite impressive as this leads to the identification and characterization of "new conformational isomers" for the CPA molecules. The new crystalline phases exhibit enhanced intrinsic dissolution rate in comparison to that of the pure drug, the magnitude being 7, 131, and 120 folds for CPADAP, CPADABCO_II, and CPAPIP_III, respectively. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the order of solubility is enhanced by 2.7-, 3-, and 7-fold, respectively, for the abovementioned salts. This also mirrors the trends in the magnitude of the binding energy, the higher magnitude being reflected in the lower solubility. Additionally, the in vivo experiments performed in SD rats results in the enhancement of the magnitude of the pharmacokinetic properties, when compared to the pristine drug. The concentration of the drug in CPADABCO_II and CPAPIP_III formulations exhibits 6- and 4-fold increments, respectively. Indeed, these results corroborate to the trends observed in the structural characterization, intermolecular energy calculations, solubility, and in vitro dissolution assessments.

Influence of catalysts on the hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal primary sludge: Upgrading to a higher quality biocrude

Effect of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts on hydrothermal liquefaction of primary sludge was studied. Biocrude, biochar, aqueous phase and biogas were all affected, in terms of quantity and quality. HTL without any catalyst attained a biocrude yield of 37.7 % (w/wVS). The best improvements in biocrude yield are observed with CuSO4 (10 %), 42.20 % (w/wVS) and TiO2 (20 %), 41.90 % (w/wVS). All experiments with catalyst produced a biocrude with HHV higher than 30 MJ/kg and with carbon content higher than 60 %. The analysis demonstrated that the major fraction of biocrude were asphaltenes, the heavier phase. While, the light phase, oils, in most of the cases, contained more saturates than polars. Biochar and aqueous phase were recuperated with high organic contents, that enables their usages in further applications. Even though gas fractions were small, their compositions varied between CO, CO2 and hydrocarbons. Catalysts were normally recuperated with the solid phase, except some cases due to their particle sizes. Most of the ashes of primary sludge were transferred to biochar. Some parts of them went to the aqueous phase and biocrude during separation process.

Overview of the Current State of Physical-Mathematical Modelling of Solid Fuel Combustion Processes

This study provides a comprehensive introduction to the combustion of solid propellants. We conduct a thorough review of existing physical-mathematical models related to solid fuel combustion processes. Additionally, we explore the heat propagation within the solid phase, examine the physical chemical processes in the k–phase, and investigate the fundamental solution of the heat conduction equation in a multiphase (k–phase) medium. The heat conduction equation plays a crucial role in governing the temperature distribution within a given material, and a profound understanding of its fundamental solution is essential for various engineering and scientific applications. In this research, we expand our analysis to a multiphase scenario, considering different phases with distinct thermal properties coexisting.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Lupus Anticoagulant: Where do we stand today ?

Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Lupus Anticoagulant: Where do we stand today ?

Multi-scale investigation of heat and momentum transfer in packed-bed TES systems up to 800 K

With the rising cost of energy and the advancement of corporate social responsibility, there is a growing interest in addressing the challenge of recovering and storing high-temperature waste heat. Sensible heat storage in packed beds stands out as a cost-effective and seemingly straightforward solution for high-temperature Thermal Energy Storage (TES). Engineering models developed to design low-temperature TES systems were tentatively used to design this new generation of high-temperature systems. Delving into the physics of coupled heat and mass transfer reveals a lack of validation of this approach. This study seeks to establish a comprehensive bottom-up methodology - from the particle scale up to the system level - to provide informed and validated engineering models for the design of high-temperature TES systems. To achieve this goal, we developed a multi-scale numerical model to explore the physics of heat and momentum transfer in packed-bed TES systems. At the microscopic scale (pore/particle), we consider the flow of a compressible high-temperature gas between the particles, coupled to transient heat conduction within the particles, with particular attention given to incorporating accurate temperature-dependent viscosity for the gas phase and thermal conductivity and density for both solid and gas phases. At the macroscopic scale (engineering), we propose a high-temperature extension of state-of-the-art two-equation TES models. The governing equations considered are the volume-average conservation laws for gas-mass, gas-momentum and energy of both phases. The multi-scale strategy is applied to a randomly packed bed of spherical particles generated with the discrete element method (DEM) software LIGGGHTS. Numerical models for both scales were implemented in the Porous material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFoam (PATO), which is made available in Open Source by NASA. Microscopic scale simulations were used to infer the effective parameters needed to inform the macroscopic model, namely, permeability, Forchheimer coefficient, effective thermal conductivities, and the heat transfer coefficient. The informed macroscopic model reproduces with excellent accuracy the average temperature fields of the physics-based microscopic model. Pore-scale analysis shows highly three-dimensional flow characterized by reverse flow and strong cross-flow in the packed bed system. Moreover, it indicates the coupling between temperature and velocity fields, where a nonuniform velocity field results in uneven temperature distributions across the fluid and the solid spheres within the packed bed, subsequently affecting the macroscopic heat transfer coefficient. The overall strategy is validated by comparison to available experimental data. This bottom-up methodology contributes to the understanding and opens new perspectives for a more precise design and monitoring of high-temperature TES systems.

Investigating the interactions between selected heterocyclic flavor compounds and beef myofibrillar proteins using SPME-GC–MS, spectroscopic, and molecular docking approaches

In this study, the interactions between myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and key heterocyclic flavor compounds, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyrrole, 2-acetyl-thiazole, and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline, in beef, were investigated using solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), spectroscopic, and followed by molecular docking. The GC–MS results revealed that the molecular structures of the flavor compounds strongly influenced their binding affinity with MPs. 2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine and 2-acetylpyrrole exhibited salting-out effects from the MPs solution, and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline displayed a higher binding affinity with MPs compared to 2-acetyl-thiazole, indicated by the Hill binding models. Fluorescence static quenching experiments also demonstrated that 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline had a higher Stern–Volmer constant with MPs than 2-acetyl-thiazole. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that increased concentrations of flavor compounds transformed ordered structures in MPs into random coils. This suggests that high molar concentrations of 2-acetyl-thiazole and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline induced conformational changes in MPs. In accordance with the molecular docking model, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions were identified as the primary noncovalent interactions between MPs and 2-acetyl-thiazole and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline. This study provides valuable insights for controlling flavor profiles of beef products.

Enhanced dewaterability and triclosan removal of waste activated sludge with iron-rich mineral-activated peroxymonosulfate

High water and pharmaceutical and care products (PPCPs) bounded in sludge flocs limit its utilization and disposal. The advanced oxidation process of perxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by iron salts has been widely used in sludge conditioning. In this study, two iron-rich minerals pyrite and siderite were proposed to enhance sludge dewatering performance and remove the target contaminant of triclosan (TCS). The permanent release of Fe2+ in the activation of PMS made siderite more effective in enhancing sludge dewater with capillary suction time (CST) diminishing by 60.5 %, specific resistance to filtration (SRF) decreasing by 79.2 %, and bound water content (BWC) dropping from 37.1 % to 2.6 % at siderite/PMS dosages of 0.36/0.20 mmol/g-TSS after 20 min of pretreatment. Pyrite/PMS performed slightly inferior under the same conditions and the corresponding CST and SRF decreased by 51.5 % and 71.8 % while the BWC only declined to 17.8 %. Rheological characterization was employed to elucidate the changes in sludge dewatering performance, with siderite/PMS treated sludge showing a 48.3 % reduction in thixotropy, higher than 28.4 % of pyrite/PMS. Oscillation and creep tests further demonstrated the significantly weakened viscoelastic behavior of the sludge by siderite/PMS pretreatment. For TCS mineralization removal, siderite/PMS achieved a high removal efficiency of 43.9 %, in comparison with 39.9 % for pyrite/PMS. The reduction in the sludge solids phase contributed the most to the TCS removal. Free radical quenching assays and EPR spectroscopy showed that both siderite/PMS and pyrite/PMS produced SO4-· and ·OH, with the latter acting as the major radicals. Besides, the dosage of free radicals generated from siderite/PMS exhibited a lower time-dependence, which also allowed it to outperform in destroying EPS matrix, neutralizing the negative Zeta potential of sludge flocs, and mineralizing macromolecular organic matter.

Impact of Single Acyclic Phosphonate Nucleotide (ZNA) Modifications on DNA Duplex Stability.

An acyclic phosphonate-linked nucleic acid backbone (ZNA) demonstrated the capability to support duplex formation and propagate genetic information in vivo, unveiling its potential for evolution into a synthetic genetic system (XNA). To determine the structural impact of such modification, modified Dickerson Drew DNA dodecamers (DDDs) were prepared by solid phase synthesis, each containing either an (R) or (S) isomeric form of a cytosine ZNA nucleotide. While the DDD is known to adopt a stable duplex, both duplex and hairpin forms were simultaneously observed for both modified oligonucleotides by NMR spectroscopy over a broad temperature range (5-65 °C). Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) experiments allowed to separate duplex and hairpin signals based on the different diffusion constants of both conformational states. For the oligomer containing (R)-ZNA, only the duplex form occurred at 5 °C, while it was not possible to determine by NMR a single hairpin conformation at higher temperatures. In the case of the (S)-ZNA nucleoside modified oligomer, both hairpin and duplex forms were observable at 0 °C, while a single hairpin conformation was detected at 37 °C, suggesting a higher destabilizing effect on dsDNA.

Spectroscopy of Magnesium Sulfate Double Salts and Their Implications for Mars Exploration

Magnesium sulfate has been widely detected on the surface of Mars. The occurrence of magnesium sulfate and mixed cationic sulfates preserves clues regarding the sedimentary environment, hydrological processes, and climate history of ancient Mars. In this study, seven magnesium sulfate double salts were synthesized in the laboratory using a high-temperature solid phase reaction or slow evaporation of aqueous solutions. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction to confirm their phase and homogeneity. Subsequently, the Raman, mid-infrared spectra, and visible near-infrared spectra of these samples were collected and analyzed. Our results showed that the spectra of the analyzed magnesium sulfate double salts exhibited distinctive spectral features. These laboratory results may provide new insights for the identification of various magnesium sulfate double salts on Mars during the interpretation of in situ data collected by Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC), SuperCam, and the ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS). In addition, the MIR and VNIR spectra features obtained in this study provide an improved reference and spectra library for decipherment of data sourced from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS).

Multi-phase modelling of loose, unsaturated soil’s continuous motion using a three-phase Eulerian approach

This paper develops a numerical model for loose, unsaturated soil to represent its mixing and motion using Computational Fluid Dynamics. It was found that existing models are not suitable for loose, unsaturated soil. The Herschel–Bulkley model is more appropriate for sludge and mud-like materials, and the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow is inapt because it lacks yield stress. To mitigate these shortcomings, a novel three-phase Eulerian model is proposed, which combines these two models with an air phase. Each phase includes a physical characteristic of loose, unsaturated soil: the Herschel–Bulkley phase includes yield stress, a solid phase includes granular behaviour, and the air fraction adds porosity. To identify the model’s parameters, density is measured, and a slump test is performed. The radial run-out of the slump test is used to determine the required yield stress in the model. Test simulations showed clear improvements over the existing models by combining yield stress and granular, lumpy behaviour successfully. Application of the new model to a 3D screw conveyor simulation showcases its ability to simulate continuous soil motion phenomena, such as avalanching caused by a recirculatory flow, soil spilling over the flight and soil flowing back to the previous pitch.

Relation between solid phase speciation and oral/lung bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s polluted soils in inhabited area: Contribution of synchrotron-based experiment

The presence of contaminated sites/soils in or near cities can pose significant risks to public health. The city of Viviez (France) was taken in reference site bears significant industrial responsibility, particularly in zinc metallurgy, with the presence of a now rehabilitated smelter. This has led to soil contamination by zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd), with concentrations reaching up to 4856 mg kg−1, 1739 mg kg−1, 195 mg kg−1, and 110 mg kg−1, respectively. The aim of this study is to comprehend the contamination patterns of the site post-rehabilitation, the geochemical behavior of each element, and their speciation (analyzed through BCR, XRD, and XANES) in relation to associated health risks due to metals accessibility for oral ingestion and inhalation by the local population. The findings revealed that elements inducing health risks were not necessarily those with the highest metal contents. All results are discussed in terms of the relationship between element speciation, stability of bearing phases, and their behavior in different media. XANES is an important tool to determine and estimate the Pb-bearing phases in garden soils, as well as the As speciation, which consist of Pb-goethite, anglesite, and Pb-humate, with variations in proportions (the main phases being 66 %, 12 % and 22 % for Pb-goethite, anglesite, and Pb-humate, respectively) whereas As-bearing phase are As(V)-rich ferrihydrite-like. A new aspect lies in the detailed characterization of solid phases before and after bioaccessibility tests, to qualify and quantify the bearing phases involved in the mobility of metallic elements to understand the bioaccessibility behavior. Ultimately, the health risk associated with exposure to inhabitants, in terms of particle ingestion and inhalation, was assessed. Only ingestion-related risk was deemed unacceptable due to the levels of As and Pb.

Generalized Linear Driving Force Formulas for Diffusion and Reaction in Porous Catalysts

Approximate models are a fast and most often precise tool for determining the effectiveness factor for heterogeneous catalysis processes that are realized in the real world. They are also frequently applied as robust transient models describing the work of a single catalyst pellet or as a part of a more complex model, for example, a reactor model, where mass balances for the gas phase and solid phase are necessary. So far, approximate models for diffusion and reaction processes have been presented for processes described by a single balance equation. In the present work, approximate models without the mentioned limitation are presented and discussed. In addition, simple rules are shown for the development of other complex approximate models without tedious derivation in the complex domain. The formulas considered in this work are typical long-time approximations of the transient process. The accuracy is good, especially in the range of small and intermediate Thiele modulus values.

Modeling the large deformation failure behavior of unsaturated porous media with a two-phase fully-coupled smoothed particle finite element method

In this paper, a computational framework based on the Smoothed Particle Finite Element Method is developed to study the coupled seepage-deformation process in unsaturated porous media. Governing equations are derived from the balance laws of solid and fluid phases considering partial saturation effects in porous media. Moreover, an hourglass control method is implemented to avoid the rank-deficiency issue in SPFEM and the moving least squares approximation technique (MLS) is implemented to eliminate the pore pressure oscillations when the low-order triangle element is used. The proposed coupled SPFEM formulation is validated through four elastic examples and one elasto-plastic example. Good agreement with the numerical or analytical results reported in the literature is obtained. Further, the rainfall-induced slope failure is studied, in which a suction-dependent elasto-plastic Mohr–Coulomb model is adopted to take account of the suction effect in unsaturated soil. The evolution of the suction and soil deformation during the rainfall period and the whole slope failure process are obtained. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is a promising tool in numerical investigations of both the triggering mechanisms and post-failure behavior of the rainfall-induced slope failure.

Toward recycling polyolefin wastes via single‐step solid‐state friction extrusion

AbstractPlastic recycling facilities deal with single‐ and mixed‐stream plastic waste. Clean single‐stream waste is sold as clean flake, or the flake is converted to pellets for material handling. The flake conversion process uses a conventional melt‐phase extruder to convert extruded filaments that are cooled and then pelletized. Friction extrusion (FE), a solid phase processing technique that has successfully extruded metal and metal matrix composites with desired properties, has never been utilized to address its ability to process plastic wastes. In this study, FE was performed on single‐stream low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and single‐stream polypropylene (PP). Consolidated filaments of 2.5 mm diameter were extruded from different polymers. The energy efficiency of FE was estimated based on extrusion rates. A potentially 50%–80% reduction in energy cost was calculated for FE compared to the conventional melt extrusion process. Thermal properties of pellets and extruded filaments were measured to evaluate the effects of FE process on the molecular and morphological structures of LDPE and PP. The thermal properties of PP before and after FE were not significantly changed. For LDPE, the melting and crystallization temperatures increased by 3 and 7°C while the degree of crystallinity decreased by 3%, probably associated with side chain realignment under shearing.Highlights Direct extruded polyolefin into filaments without melting via friction extrusion. Estimated over 50% energy reduction compared melt extrusion process. This novel mechanical process does not degrade polyolefin material.

Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Coated Magnetic Core Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Coupled with UV Spectrophotometry for the Separation /Analysis Congo Red

Congo red has strong tinting strength, low price that it was used in meat dyeing. Amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) containing amino acid cations or anions are synthesized from natural amino acids, which has the characteristics of low toxicity. Nowadays, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@AAIL composites has seemly not been reported for the separation/analysis of congo red. In this work, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@AAIL nanoparticles were used as magnetic solid phase adsorbents in combination with UV spectrophotometry for separation of congo red.

An insight into the pharmacology of cysteine/methionine containing peptide drugs

Since last century, peptides have emerged as potential drugs with >90 FDA approvals for various targets with several in the pipeline. Sulphur, in peptides is present either as thiol (-SH) from Cys or thioether from Met. In this review, all the peptides approved by FDA since 2000 containing sulphur have been included. Among them ∼50 % contains disulphide bridges. This clearly demonstrates the significance of disulphide bonds in peptide drugs. This can be achieved synthetically by using orthogonal protecting groups (PGs) for –SH. These PGs are compatible with Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS), which is still the method of choice for peptide synthesis. The orthogonal PGs used for Cys thiol side chain protecting for disulphide bond formation have been included which are currently in use both by academia and industry from small scale to large scale synthesis. In addition, the details of the FDA approved drugs containing Cys and Met (or both) have also been discussed.

Effect of ZrO2 on the phase relations for CaO-SiO2-TiO2 system related to efficient extraction of titanium from titania-bearing slag

The selective crystallization and phase separation process has been regarded as a promising process for the recycling of titanium from titania-bearing furnace slag, however, the composition modification mechanism still remains unclear due to the lack of fundamental thermodynamic data. In the present work, the influence of ZrO2 addition on the equilibrium phase relations and the 1400 °C isotherm for CaO-SiO2-TiO2 system were experimentally determined by using the high temperature equilibration-quenching technique, and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The equilibrium solid phases of rutile (TiO2), perovskite (CaTiO3), and tridymite (SiO2) are determined to be coexisting with the liquid phase. In addition, comparisons of present results with thermodynamic calculation by FactSage show significant discrepancies. The present work is important for enriching the thermodynamic database of titania-bearing slag oxide systems as well as optimizing the selective crystallization and phase separation process.

For the occurrence of PPCPs from source to tap: A novel approach modified in terms of sample preservation and SPE cartridge to monitor PPCPs in our water supply

BackgroundThe ongoing infusion of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) into ecosystems sustains a perpetual life cycle and leads to multi-generational exposures. Limited understanding of their environmental impact and their intrinsic ability to induce physiological effect in humans, even at low doses, pose great risks to human health. Few scholarly works have conducted systematic research into the occurrence of PPCPs within potable water systems. Concurrently, the associated monitoring techniques have not been comprehensively examined with regards to the specific nature of drinking water, namely whether the significant presence of disinfectants may influence the detection of PPCPs. ResultsA modified approach in terms of detailed investigation of sample preservation and optimization of an in-lab fabricated solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge filled with DVB-VP and PS-DVB sorbent was proposed. Favorable methodological parameters were achieved, with correlation coefficients spanning from 0.9866 to 0.9998. The LODs of the PPCPs fluctuated from 0.001 to 2 μg L−1, while the LOQs varied from 0.002 to 5 μg L−1. The analysis of spiked samples disclosed a methodological precision of 2.31–9.86 % and a recovery of 52.4–119 %. We utilized the established method for analyzing 14 water samples of three categories (source water, finished water and tap water) from five centralized water supply plants. A total of 24 categories encompassing 72 PPCPs were detected, with the concentrations of PPCPs manifested a marked decrease from source water to finished water and finally to tap water. SignificanceOur research meticulously examined the enhancement and purification effects of widely used commercial SPE cartridges and suggested the use of in-lab fabricated SPE cartridges packed with DVB-VP and PS-DVB adsorbents. We also conducted a systematic evaluation of the need to incorporate ascorbic acid and sodium thiosulfate as preservatives for PPCP measurement, in consideration of the unique characteristics of drinking water matrices, specifically, the significant concentration levels of disinfectants. Furthermore, the proposed method was effectively employed to study the presence of PPCPs in source water, finished water, and tap water collected from centralized water supply plants.