Solar Conversion Research Articles

Double-Layer MWCNTs@HPPS Photothermal Paper for Water Purification with Strong Acid-Alkali Corrosion Resistance.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has been identified as a promising method to relieve the global water crisis, and it is particularly important to design an ideal structure of the solar thermal conversion evaporation device. In this paper, hydrophilic polyphenylene sulfide (HPPS) paper with loose structure and appropriate water transmission performance was designed as the based-material, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) layer with excellent photothermal conversion performance was constructed to realize the high-efficiency solar-driven evaporation. Under tail swabbing mode, the cold evaporation surface on the back of the evaporator greatly improved the evaporation rate, cut off the heat transfer channel to bulk water, and achieved the maximum evaporation rate of 1.23 L/m2·h. Ethyl cellulose (EC) was introduced to adjust the water supply performance of HPPS layer, and a large specific surface area of cold evaporation was obtained, thus improving the water evaporation rate. In the simulation experiment of seawater desalination and dye wastewater treatment, it showed good water purification capacity and acid/alkali-resistance, which had great practical application significance.

Enhanced and Selective Absorption of Molybdenum Nanostructured Surfaces for Concentrated Solar Energy Applications

Surfaces of commercial molybdenum (Mo) plates have been textured by fs-laser treatments with the aim to form low-cost and efficient solar absorbers and substrates for thermionic cathodes in Concentrated Solar Power conversion devices. Morphological (SEM and AFM), optical (spectrophotometry), and structural (Raman spectroscopy) properties of the samples treated at different laser fluences (from 1.8 to 14 J/cm2) have been characterized after the laser treatments and also following long thermal annealing for simulating the operating conditions of thermionic converters. A significant improvement of the solar absorptance and selectivity, with a maximum value of about four times higher than the pristine sample at a temperature of 800 K, has been detected for sample surfaces treated at intermediate fluences. The effects observed have been related to the light trapping capability of the laser-induced nanotexturing, whereas a low selectivity, together with a high absorptance, could be revealed when the highest laser fluence was employed due to a significant presence of oxide species. The ageing process confirms the performance improvement shown when treated samples are used as solar absorbers, even though, due to chemical modification occurring at the surface, a decrease of the solar absorptance takes place. Interestingly, the sample showing the highest quantity of oxides preserves more efficiently the laser texturing. The observation of this behaviour allows to extend the applicability of the laser treatments since, by further nanostructuring of the Mo oxides, it could be beneficial also for sensing applications.

Design controllable TPMS structures for solar thermal applications: A pore-scale vs. volume-averaged modeling approach

The performance of solar energy conversion processes is largely dependent on the porous material which absorbs the irradiation, provides reaction sites, and facilitates mass transport. Porous media is the key energy conversion media in solar thermal/thermochemical conversion devices. The conventional way of fabricating porous structure shows limited flexibility in varying local morphology for better transport properties. The material structure optimization is hindered by the lack of methodology for precisely tuning material structure and lagged modeling framework to assess the structure-property relationship of designed materials. This structure-property relation can be further linked to the final conversion performance of receivers/reactors using such material. The triply periodic minimum surface (TPMS) structures are promising candidates due to their flexible lattice structure design, well-defined analytical expression, and easiness in anisotropic feature introduction. Moreover, the recent development of direct ceramic 3D printing technologies enables a unique route for the fabrication of gradient functional materials with complex structures. In this study, we focused on the quantification of TPMS structures’ transport properties with a case study to show their impact on the solar thermal conversion behavior. The identified effective properties were then used in a volume-averaged multi-physics model for the evaluation of an FKS structure under direct solar illuminations. This modeling framework offers a highfidelity numerical tool for the quantification of the link between porous material structure and their effective properties in solar thermal/thermochemical conversion applications.

Formulation and Data-Driven Optimization for Maximizing the Photovoltaic Power with Tilt Angle Adjustment

This paper reports on how the trade-off between the incident solar irradiance and conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic panel affects its power production. A neural network was developed through statistical analysis and a data-driven approach to accurately calculate the photovoltaic panel’s power output. Although the incident beam irradiance at a specified location directly relates to the tilt angle, the diffusion irradiance and energy conversion efficiency are nonlinearly dependent on a number of operating parameters, including cell temperature, wind speed, humidity, etc. A mathematical model was implemented to examine and cross-validate the physics of the neural network. Through simulation and comparison of the optimized results for different time horizons, it was found that hourly optimization can increase the energy generated from the photovoltaic panel by up to 42.07%. Additionally, compared to the base scenario, annually, monthly, and hourly optimization can result in 9.7%, 12.74%, and 24.78% more power, respectively. This study confirms the data-driven approach is an effective tool for optimizing solar power. It recommends adjusting the tilt angle of photovoltaic panels hourly, during the daily operation of maximizing the energy output and reducing solar costs.

Surface passivation of the methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) by oxygen plasma to improve solar cell efficiency

The photoelectronic materials of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite (HHPs) materials are an important research field. However, the defects on the surface of perovskite films need to be solved. For organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials, oxygen passivation has been regarded as an effective and convenient method to inhibit non-radiative recombination. In this paper, the unannealed CH3NH3PbI3 precursor films were passivated by oxygen plasma for different irradiation times. The prepared perovskite films have large grain sizes, lower trap density, improved crystallinity, and strong absorption. The J-V curve shows that the HHPs solar cells with oxygen treatment increase the solar cell's overall photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) from 10.24% to 14.23%. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that oxygen plasma successfully passivates the surface defects of perovskite, minimizes non-radiation recombination, and enhances device stability.

Conventional and Back-Illuminated Cobalt- and Iodine-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells for Artificial and Solar Light Conversion

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are among the leading PV technologies for indoor applications. These devices need to be optimized for these illumination conditions since, as it will be demonstrated, the best devices under solar conditions do not originate from the best devices under artificial illumination. This work studies the impact of the photoanode thickness, its light-scattering properties, dye loading, distance from the photoelectrode to the counter electrode on the charge transfer, recombination, and photovoltaic response of cobalt (III/II) bipyridine ([Co(bpy)3] 3+/2+) and iodide/triiodide (I–/I3–) DSSCs under 1 Sun and artificial 1000 lx light illumination. The champion [Co(bpy)3] 3+/2+ device displayed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.0 and 32.0% under AM1.5G and 1000 lx, respectively. The best I–/I3– cells yielded 9.0% 1 Sun PCE and 23.1% of PCE under 1000 lx. Optimized [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ and I–/I3– DSSCs demonstrated huge potential as efficient indoor-photovoltaics and can straightforwardly be used as back-illuminated devices to improve the output power under low illumination. Under 1000 lx room light, the champion cobalt DSSCs displayed a record PCE of 27.3% from the rear-side with 85.3% of retention ratio.

Photoreflectance and Photoluminescence Study of Antimony Selenide Crystals.

Among inorganic, Earth-abundant, and low-toxicity photovoltaic technologies, Sb2Se3 has emerged as a strong material contender reaching over 10% solar cell power conversion efficiency. Nevertheless, the bottleneck of this technology is the high deficit of open-circuit voltage (V OC) as seen in many other emerging chalcogenide technologies. Commonly, the loss of V OC is related to the nonradiative carrier recombination through defects, but other material characteristics can also limit the achievable V OC. It has been reported that in isostructural compound Sb2S3, self-trapped excitons are readily formed leading to 0.6 eV Stokes redshift in photoluminescence (PL) and therefore significantly reducing the obtainable V OC. However, whether Sb2Se3 has the same limitations has not yet been examined. In this work, we aim to identify main radiative carrier recombination mechanisms in Sb2Se3 single crystals and estimate if there is a fundamental limit for obtainable V OC. Optical transitions in Sb2Se3 were studied by means of photoreflectance and PL spectroscopy. Temperature, excitation intensity, and polarization-dependent optical characteristics were measured and analyzed. We found that at low temperature, three distinct radiative recombination mechanisms were present and were strongly influenced by the impurities. The most intensive PL emissions were located near the band edge. In conclusion, no evidence of emission from self-trapped excitons or band-tails was observed, suggesting that there is no fundamental limitation to achieve high V OC, which is very important for further development of Sb2Se3-based solar cells.

CuI as a Hole-Selective Contact for GaAs Solar Cells

Carrier-selective contacts have emerged as a promising architecture for solar cell fabrication. In this report, the first hole-selective III-V semiconductor solar cell is demonstrated using copper iodide (CuI) on i-GaAs. Surface passivation quality of GaAs is found to be essential for open-circuit voltage (VOC), with good correlation between photoluminescence properties of the GaAs layer and the VOC. Passivation with <10 nm thick In0.49Ga0.51P layers is shown to provide an over 300 mV improvement. Oxygen-rich CuI is formed by natural oxidation in the atmosphere, and the increased oxygen content of ∼10% is validated by energy-dispersive X-ray measurements. The oxygen incorporation is shown to improve hole selectivity and thus solar conversion efficiency. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy indicates a high work function of ∼6 eV for the oxygen-rich CuI. With optimized GaAs surface passivation and oxygen-rich CuI, a VOC of nearly 1 V and a solar conversion efficiency of 13.4% are achieved. The solar cell structure includes only undoped GaAs, a surface passivation layer, and non-epitaxial CuI contact and is therefore very promising to various low-cost crystal growth methods. The results have a significant impact on III-V solar cell fabrication and costs as it (i) enables fully carrier-selective architectures, (ii) reduces cell fabrication complexity, and (iii) is suitable for layers grown by low-cost crystal growth techniques.

2D WSe2/MoSi2N4 type-II heterojunction with improved carrier separation and recombination for photocatalytic water splitting

The use of semiconductor photocatalysis for hydrogen production is an ideal approach for achieving solar energy and conversion. In this work, we systematically examine the photocatalytic properties of WSe2/MoSi2N4 van der Waals heterojunctions using first-principles calculation and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. The results demonstrate that the WSe2/MoSi2N4 heterojunction possesses a 1.81 eV indirect band gap and type-II band alignment, which ensures that the photoexcited electron–hole (e–h) pairs are spatially separated. The carrier lifetime of the photoexcited e–h pairs is 278 ps significantly longer than the interlayer hole transfer time of 335 fs, implying that the heterojunction has the high quantum efficiency. In addition, this heterojunction possesses superior optical absorption (105 cm−1), low overpotential for OER (0.60 V), and outstanding light absorption properties. These findings indicate that this heterojunction can achieve highly efficient and spontaneous photocatalytic water splitting.

Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction through Spontaneous Charge Separation in End-Capping Assembly of Heterostructured Covalent-Organic Frameworks.

It is well known that charge separation is crucial for efficient photocatalytic solar conversion. Although some covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit visible-light harvest, the large exciton binding energies reduce their photocatalytic efficiencies. Herein, we developed a novel method to post-treat the olefin-linked COFs with end-capping polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for spontaneous charge separation. Interestingly, a type-II heterostructure is constructed in our perylene-modified COFs which displays drastically enhanced performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, with an efficiency of 8-fold higher than that of unmodified COF. A combination of electrochemical, steady-state, and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements indicates that such drastically enhanced performance should be attributed to photoinduced spontaneous charge separation in the heterostructure. These results illustrate the feasibility of engineering the charge-separation properties of crystalline porous frameworks at a molecular level for artificial photosynthesis.

Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction through Spontaneous Charge Separation in End‐Capping Assembly of Heterostructured Covalent‐Organic Frameworks

AbstractIt is well known that charge separation is crucial for efficient photocatalytic solar conversion. Although some covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit visible‐light harvest, the large exciton binding energies reduce their photocatalytic efficiencies. Herein, we developed a novel method to post‐treat the olefin‐linked COFs with end‐capping polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for spontaneous charge separation. Interestingly, a type‐II heterostructure is constructed in our perylene‐modified COFs which displays drastically enhanced performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, with an efficiency of 8‐fold higher than that of unmodified COF. A combination of electrochemical, steady‐state, and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements indicates that such drastically enhanced performance should be attributed to photoinduced spontaneous charge separation in the heterostructure. These results illustrate the feasibility of engineering the charge‐separation properties of crystalline porous frameworks at a molecular level for artificial photosynthesis.

Modulating Surface Electron Density of Heterointerface with Bio-Inspired Light-Trapping Nano-Structure to Boost Kinetics of Overall Water Splitting.

Herein, inspired by natural sunflower heads' properties increasing the temperature of dish-shaped flowers by tracking the sun, a novel hybrid heterostructure (MoS2 /Ni3 S2 @CA, CA means carbon nanowire arrays) with the sunflower-like structure to boost the kinetics of water splitting is proposed. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that it can modulate the active electronic states of NiMo atoms around the Fermi-level through the charge transfer between the metallic atoms of Ni3 S2 and MoMo bonds of MoS2 to boost overall water splitting. Most importantly, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) could find that its unique bio-inspired micro-nano light-trapping structure has high solar photothermal conversion efficiency. With the assistance of the photothermal field, the kinetics of water-splitting is improved, affording low overpotentials of 96 and 229mV at 10mAcm-2 for HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, the Sun-MoS2 /Ni3 S2 @CA enables the overall alkaline water splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.48 and 1.64V to achieve 10 and 100mAcm-2 with outstanding catalytic durability. This study may open up a new route for rationally constructing bionic sunflower micro-nano light-trapping structure to maximize their photothermal conversion and electrochemical performances, and accelerate the development of nonprecious electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Insight into the intrinsic driving force of NiCoP/ZnIn2S4−x boosting solar urea synthesis and hydrogen production

Urea not only can fertilizing more than quarter human beings, but also can be used in direct urea fuel cell. However, traditional multi-step Bosch–Meiser process consumes tremendous fossil energy and release greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Therefore, renewable energy powered urea synthesis technique is priority. Herein, we developed a solar urea synthesis route from N2, CO2 and H2O with S defected ZnIn2S4 (ZnIn2S4-x, ZIS) flowerlike microspheres as photocatalyst and NiCoP (NCP) nanoparticles as co-catalyst. The solar urea conversion rate reached to 13.9 μmol g−1 h−1 (15%-NCP/ZIS) at ambient temperature and 1 bar, which increased to 19.6 μmol g−1 h−1 (15%-NCP/ZIS) with mild rising temperature (80 ℃) and pressure (10 bar). Moreover, the solar urea conversion rate at mild pressure (1 bar to 10 bar) shows the same tendency as hydrogen production for NCP/ZIS photocatalysts. Smaller ΔGH* energy and spin-polarization effect of dual function photocatalyst NCP/ZIS serve as the driving force for the urea synthesis and hydrogen production. This work opens a new avenue for searching highly efficient solar urea conversion photocatalysts.

Large organic cations are beneficial for slowing tin-based perovskites crystallization rate and improving efficiency

In the past few years, the efficiency of perovskite cells has been improved rapidly, and the current efficiency can reach 25.8%. Since the lead in perovskite materials will pollute the environment, so people turn their attention to lead-free tin-based perovskites. Tin-based perovskites are becoming a research hotspot recently due to their nontoxic properties. However, due to the fast crystallization rate of tin-based perovskite, the improvement of the efficiency of tin-based perovskite cells is limited. In this work, by introducing ethylammonium iodine (EAI) into FA0.98SnI3 perovskite, it not only slowed down the crystallization rate of tin-based perovskite cells, but also improved the film morphology and slowed down the rate of Sn2+ oxidation, and finally achieved a solar cell conversion efficiency of 7.6%. This work provides a new strategy for the study of lead-free perovskites.

Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane for simultaneous oil/water separation, aromatic dyes removal, and seawater desalination

Directional transport of liquid is crucial for many applications including seawater desalination , oil/water separation, fog collection, membrane distillation and so forth. Particularly, Janus wood membranes, with asymmetric special wetting property on two sides, and mechanically robust bio-based substrate with ample pores and open nano-/micro-channels, present enticing opportunities to address this challenge. In this study, we report a Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane demonstrating the capabilities for simultaneous oil/water separation, aromatic dyes removal, and seawater desalination. Thanks to the inner driving force arising from the asymmetric special wettability, unique wood microchannels for the transpiration of trees, and the synergistic effect of PPy and Ag/AgCl NPs anchored to wood matrix, Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane would promote the desired transport without any external energy input for high-efficiency seawater desalination and switchable oil/water separation. Meanwhile, the aromatic dyes and other organic compounds in industrial wastewater or polluted seawater would get more opportunities to contact with the anchored Ag/AgCl NPs during flowing through the wood microchannels. Above advantages endow the Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane with excellent pollutant degradation efficiency (MB: 86.4 %, RhB: 91.9 %), high solar conversion efficiency (95.33 %), outstanding separation efficiency towards oil-in-water emulsion (∼99.51 %), remarkable oil adsorption capacity (∼8 times of its own weight), and great antibacterial efficiencies (E. coli: 99.87 %, S. aureus: 99.78 %, B. subtilis: 99.96 %). Results also show that this Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane has the satisfactory resistance to acid and base, robust mechanical structure, good recycling stability, high salinity tolerance and remarkable self-desalting capability. This study represents a new avenue for fabrication and design of Janus wood-based photothermal materials, and certainly will contribute to alleviating the global water and energy shortage issue. Asymmetric special wettability, unique wood microchannels, and the synergistic effect of PPy and Ag/AgCl NPs anchored to wood matrix endow the as-presented Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane with excellent aromatic dyes degradation efficiency (MB-86.4 %, RhB-91.9 %), high solar conversion efficiency (95.33 %), outstanding separation efficiency towards O/W emulsion (∼99.51 %), remarkable oil adsorption capacity (∼8 times of its own weight), great antibacterial efficiencies (E. coli-99.87 %, S. aureus-99.78 %, B. subtilis-99.96 %), and remarkable salinity tolerance. It certainly will contribute to alleviating the global water and energy shortage issue. • Mechanically robust wood membrane with asymmetric special wettability, ample pores and open microchannels was fabricated. • Janus wood membrane can simultaneously complete oil/water separation, aromatic dyes removal, and seawater desalination. • PPy/Ag/AgCl NPs endow the wood with excellent MB/RhB degradation efficiency, and high solar conversion efficiency (95.33 %). • It has oil/water separation efficiency (99.51 %), oil adsorption capacity (∼8 times), and antibacterial efficiency (99.96 %). • Such Janus mesoporous wood-based membrane will contribute to alleviating the global water and energy shortage issue.

Multi-Strategy Learning Boosted Colony Predation Algorithm for Photovoltaic Model Parameter Identification

Modeling solar systems necessitates the effective identification of unknown and variable photovoltaic parameters. To efficiently convert solar energy into electricity, these parameters must be precise. The research introduces the multi-strategy learning boosted colony predation algorithm (MLCPA) for optimizing photovoltaic parameters and boosting the efficiency of solar power conversion. In MLCPA, opposition-based learning can be used to investigate each individual's opposing position, thereby accelerating convergence and preserving population diversity. Level-based learning categorizes individuals according to their fitness levels and treats them differently, allowing for a more optimal balance between variation and intensity during optimization. On a variety of benchmark functions, the MLCPA's performance is compared to the performance of the best algorithms currently in use. On a variety of benchmark functions, the MLCPA's performance is compared to that of existing methods. MLCPA is then used to estimate the parameters of the single, double, and photovoltaic modules. Last but not least, the stability of the proposed MLCPA algorithm is evaluated on the datasheets of many manufacturers at varying temperatures and irradiance levels. Statistics have demonstrated that the MLCPA is more precise and dependable in predicting photovoltaic mode critical parameters, making it a viable tool for solar system parameter identification issues.

Multiscale Plasmonic Refractory Nanocomposites for High-Temperature Solar Photothermal Conversion.

Development of a refractory selective solar absorber (RSSA) is the key to unlock high-temperature solar thermal and thermochemical conversion. The fundamental challenge of RSSA is the lack of design and fabrication guidelines to simultaneously achieve omnidirectional, broadband solar absorption and sharp spectral selectivity at the desired cutoff wavelength. Here, we realize a ruthenium-carbon nanotube (Ru-CNT) nanocomposite RSSA with multiscale nanoparticle-on-nanocavity plasmonic modes. Ru conformally coated on the sidewalls of CNTs enables a spoof surface plasmon polariton mode for spectra selectivity; Ru nanoparticles formed at the tips of CNTs enable a localized surface plasmon resonance mode and plasmon hybridization for omnidirectional broadband solar absorption. The fabricated Ru-CNT RSSA has a total solar absorption (TSA) of 96.1% with sharp spectral cutoff at 2.21 μm. The TSA is maintained at over 90% for an incident angle of 56°. Our findings therefore guide full-spectrum optical and thermal control from visible to the far-infrared.

Improved operation of Li-ion battery with supercapacitor realized to solar-electric vehicle

A supercapacitor (SCap)/Battery combination leads to development of an efficient energy storage system (ESS). This combination further enhances the performance of the battery by reducing the burden, especially at peak load conditions. In this work, the Energy Management (EM) based model is developed and implemented to the basic solar power-based (SPB) electric vehicle (EV) model. In any type of EM model predicting the driver cycle of EV is one of the main obstacles. The basic structure has been developed with Solar panels, SCap, Battery, DC-DC Converters, and proper control models. Irradiance and temperature are the main sources of power for the solar panel to generate, to run the connected load. In this, static load with constant power has been considered and three different case studies are examined as per the proposed control method. The Battery feeds the load and SCap since there is no power available from two sources, this will be done in case one. In the second case study, PV only supplies power to two sources and the load. In the third case, no power is considered until a certain period, so the battery only sends power to the load when PV and SCap cannot provide power. In order to accomplish this, MATLAB/Simulation models are obtained and validated for the power-sharing between solar panel, battery, and SCap in relation to the power availability conditions at the source level.

Highly Efficient Interleaved Solar Converter Controlled with Extended Kalman Filter MPPT

DC-DC power converters play an important role in the performance and control methods of solar power systems. Solar power converters are prone to high power losses due to intermittent irradiation and shading effects on solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. The device topology and control algorithm of a solar power converter are key factors to increase the total amount of harvested energy. In this paper, a solar power converter is proposed with a two−phase interleaved boost converter (IBC) topology and a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. The proposed MPPT controller is based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) and it improves the tracking efficiency in both steady irradiation and partial shading conditions. The algorithm is improved with the prediction and estimation capabilities of the EKF algorithm. The proposed EKF MPPT is validated with simulations and experimentally validated by using the implemented two−phase IBC that is comprised of SiC MOSFETs. The proposed converter provides over 99% power conversion efficiency at 3 kW and over 96% MPPT tracking efficiency under partial shading conditions. The experimental studies verify that the proposed MPPT controller and two−phase IBC increase the overall efficiency both in steady-state and partial shading operations of a solar power converter.

Preparation and solar thermochemical properties analysis of NiFe2O4@SiC/ @Si3N4 for high-performance CO2-splitting

The solar-driven thermochemical CO2-to-CO conversion is an effective way to achieve the mission of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. However, synthesizing porous reacting materials with excellent thermal stability, hardness and long-term cyclic stability, oxygen exchange capacity, and higher CO2-to-CO conversion are the most important challenges associated with the thermochemical CO2-splitting approach and technological upscaling to large-scale applications. This study presented the development of NiFe2O4 oxygen carriers, the synthesis method of SiC and Si3N4 supports, and solar-to-fuel processing of the newly prepared materials through CO2-splitting under a highly concentrated solar radiative heat flux. The newly synthesized NiFe2O4@SiC porous redox material resulted in higher solar energy absorption and CO2 conversion capability with an instantaneous CO production of 410 μmol/g and direct CO2-to-CO conversion rate of 18.1 % at 1073–1273 K reaction temperature. The media composite of NiFe2O4@SiC exhibited high-temperature thermal changes, good thermochemical reaction stability, and a higher CO production rate through six redox cycles compared to NiFe2O4@Si3N4 porous reacting material. The high oxidation potential and remarkably solar radiative heat flux absorption and thermochemical CO2-splitting capacities of the newly developed materials were demonstrated through experimental analysis. The synergistic effect of the oxygen carriers (NiFe2O4) and substrate materials including SiC and Si3N4 skeletons for CO2-splitting is highlighted. This study provided comprehensive and novel experimental insights that can be used as guidance for theoretical research and application in CO2 conversion into high-value-added energy products.