Soil Humidity Sensor Research Articles

A Novel Approach to Optimize Water and Fertilizers in Agriculture using IoT

This paper presents a new method for supplying nutrients to the farm. This novel method uses IoT and Wireless Sensor Network in Farming. Soil Moisture sensor and humidity sensor monitor the soil properties. These results are updated to the IoT Server. Based on the values for humidity of the soil, drip irrigation to the plant is on/off through solenoid valve. In addition this paper concentrates on quantitative analysis of requirement of nutrients for the plant to avoid overdose or insufficiency of them. This work trains the machine using precision agriculture for supplying required nutrient to the plant using solenoid on/off valve through drip irrigation. It also alerts the user by sending SMS (Short Messaging Service) through GSM to the user on fertigation date and pesticides spraying date. This will be very helpful for the farmers to remember the fertigation date in their various activities. The limitation of this work is that the fertilizers used will only be liquid in state. This technology can also be improved to a large level agricultural production.

An Optimization Method for the Layout of Soil Humidity Sensors Based on Compressed Sensing

In the farmland Internet of Things, to achieve precise control of production, it is necessary to obtain more data support, which requires the deployment of many sensors, and this will inevitably bring about high investment and high‐cost problems. This paper mainly studies the optimization of sensor placement in the agricultural field. Through compressed sensing and algorithm optimization, the number of sensors used is reduced and the cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the effect. At present, there are many mature sensor layout optimization methods, but these methods will have incomplete parameters due to experimental conditions and environmental factors. They are more suitable for structural health monitoring and lack research in agricultural applications. Considering that the sensor layout optimization can be converted into the characteristics of image compression selection and the compression effect of the compressed sensing theory is better, therefore, this paper proposes a sensor layout optimization method based on compressed sensing. Due to the structural characteristics of the existing measurement matrix in the compressed sensing theory, the specific position distribution of the optimized sensor layout cannot be obtained directly. This paper improves the existing sparse random measurement matrix to determine the number of sensors required for a given region and the function of the specific location of each sensor. The experimental results show that soil moisture can be measured with a small error of 0.91 by using 1/3 of the original sensor number. The result of data reconstruction using 1/6 of the original sensor is average, and the average error is up to 1.68, which is suitable for the environment with small data fluctuation.

Design, Implementation and Simulation of a Fringing Field Capacitive Humidity Sensor.

The world population is growing in an accelerated way urging the need for a more efficient and sustainable agricultural industry. Initially developed for smart cities which face the same challenges caused by an increasing population, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have evolved rapidly over the last few years and are now moving successfully to agriculture. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been reported to be used in the agri-food sector and could answer the call for a more optimized agricultural management. This paper investigates a PCB-made interdigited capacitive (IDC) soil humidity sensor as a low-price alternative to the existing ones on the market. An in-depth comparative study is performed on 30 design variations, part of them also manufactured for further investigations. By measurements and simulations, the influence of the aspect ratio and dielectric thickness on the sensitivity and capacitance of the sensor are studied. In the end, a Humidity and Temperature Measurement Wireless Equipment (HTMWE) for IoT agriculture applications is implemented with this type of sensor.

Soil Improvement & Conservation Based on Biosoildam Integrated Smart Ecofarming Technology (Applied in Java Alluvial Land & Arid Region in East Indonesia)

Biosoildam a technology that combines agricultural and environmental activities (water & soil conservation) based on IOT. This analysis aims to improve alluvial agricultural lands by analyzing the relationship between microbial activity on acidity and the infiltration rate for alluvial lands that widely spread on the north coast of Java with Biosoildam Technology. Microbial activity as a biological agent / biofertilizer of slurry biomass decomposition taken from the livestock center and soil conditioning will affect soil electrolyte conductivity (EC). Other variables use the humidity and soil temperature parameters to control the relationship. Integrated Ecofarming where harvest straw for feed and livestock waste for fertilizer in micobial decomposting process is a cost-effective method that can improve soil quickly and measurably. The research took place from January to July 2018 on the red onion farms in Nganjuk Regency. The tools used include Double Ring Infiltrometer for measuring the infiltration rate at three radial distances from the centre of the microbial hole (biohole), microcontroller & wifi, electrolyte conductivity sensor as the soil fertility indication, pH meter for measuring soil acidity, and humidity and soil temperature sensors. The real-time information on soil paramaters is obtained through analogue inputs from EC, pH, humidity and temperature sensors, converted into digital information data by a microcontroller which later sent via wifi. Sensors are spreadly placed with radius A= 1,5 m ;B= 2 m ; C= 3m. Average Result : infiltration rate =40cm/h EC=1100 M=45 % T=25°C pH=6,5.

Smart soil monitoring and water conservation using irrigation on technology

<p>The conventional system of irrigation how efficient and well managed it may be wastes up to 50% of the water supplied. purpose of this paper is to provide a user-oriented and standalone irrigation solution for soil monitoring and water conservation, based on network of sensor. Using the input from the user the system will act automatically. It not only reduce the water waste but also is cost efficient and easy to operate. Different parameters like soil moisture, temperature and humidity are imported in order to calculate the efficient quantity of water needed. This system uses different sensors like soil moisture sensor, humidity sensor and temperature sensor to take required data. In this paper, the proposed project uses sensor having low power consumption reducing load overall. The system also stores the input and uses it for forecasting. The concept of IoT is implied in this paper. The control of motors are automated powered by solar panels. The data is stored in table format. All data is accessible via internet. This system can help the user to gain vital data about the fields irrespective of the weather condition.</p>

Fuzzy inference based irrigation controller for agricultural demand side management

The efficient and sustainable irrigation mechanism results in reduced water loss and improved crop productivity. This paper presents a real-time fuzzy inference based automated irrigation controller implemented in LabVIEW, that utilizes the data logged from the sensor network and communicated using GSM/GPRS module. The proposed drip irrigation scheduler receives the data from soil moisture, humidity, air temperature and water level sensor, in order to decide the percentage valve opening. Recently the open channel system have transformed into pressurized pipe systems which utilizes large amount of energy for uniform distribution of water. In order to optimize the energy consumption utilized in irrigation, availability based tariff (ABT) is implemented. The time interval for which drip irrigation is regulated, is controlled by supply frequency to operate pumps in low tariff period. This technique is applicable for wide range of crops which are grown in Kharif and Rabi season. The field experimentation results shows that the cost of irrigation is reduced by 30% as the water and electricity is efficiently utilized. Water saving is 45% more as compared to flood irrigation mechanism. Cost benefit achieved for Sorghum crop cultivation by proposed fuzzy based irrigation technique is higher by Rs.598/acre than the profit realized by manual flood irrigation.

Flower “Dock” - Single Chip Microcomputer-Based Smart Flowerpot

The design of the smart flowerpot is based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer, which uses photosensitivity and photoelectricity, that usually used in the environment detection sensor, to perform the real-time monitoring of flower growth, in order to maintain the environmental parameters suitable for flower growth inside the flowerpot, and guarantee a stable and healthy living environment for plants and evaluate the health status. The overall system adopts a modular design, and takes the measurement of soil temperature and humidity sensor module as an example for detailed design. The smart flowerpot has the advantages of simple and stable operation and convenient debugging.

Chunk by Chunk Irrigation of Farm Field -Through Wireless Sensing Technique

Farming act as a heart to Indian economy and is a work of farmers. Farmers pursue certain set of stages to farm a field and irrigation is essential stage among all stages. Farmers are using so many irrigation methods to farm a field and the Irrigation methods must be in such way that, it have to boost plant development while minimizing salt inequities, leaf injuries, soil erosion, and water loss. To get good results in irrigation we should use good irrigation system. Now a days, farmers are using so many irrigation systems to pump water on the farm like traditional, modern and automated methods. Even though farmers facing problems like current shocks, standing long time and monitoring each and everything to pump water on the entire farm. In this paper modernistic sensor-based water pumping system is proposed to made irrigation easy to the farmers by chunk by chunk irrigation and each chunk is supervised with the help of soil moisture, temperate and humidity sensors. One more criteria, farmer need to concentrate while selecting an irrigation method is power supply, especially in Andhra Pradesh there is a regular power cuts in the nights.so that farmers can’t go every time to monitor how the irrigation is in the nights. Because in the nights snack and poisonous insects will be there in farm field, so it will be dangerous to the farmer’s life.so, by using proposed irrigation method irrigation will be easy in regular power cut areas, sloppy area and irrigation at night time.one more benefit from this proposed method is man power will decrease.

Real-time and Low-cost IoT based farming using raspberry Pi

<span>This paper reflects on the implementation of IoT enabled Farming, especially for the people needed a smart way of agriculture. This research focuses on real-time observation with efficient use of cheapest security system. The features of this research including i) Sensor data monitoring using soil moisture sensor which is responsible for measuring moisture of the filed, water level sensor which is liable for detecting flooded water, pH sensor which is accountable for measuring pH of the soil and Temperature and humidity sensor which is responsible for tracking out the present temperature and humidity in the atmosphere ii) Live monitoring of sensor’s value using cloud and a Dashboard iii) Security issues of the farming using Laser shield and IP-Camera through Wi-Fi which is conducted by android application. This paper also assures the analysis of the experimented data through various sensor’s value and gives a momentous way for future application. Result and discussion ensures the contribution in the field of Internet of things</span>

Research on monitoring and environmental control of farmland operation based on multi-sensor data fusion

Because traditional methods fail to accurately obtain environmental sensing data, resulting in poor farmland operation monitoring performance and low agricultural production efficiency, the impact of farmland operation monitoring technology on environmental regulation is proposed. The adaptive fusion method is introduced to fuse the collected farmland environmental data to make the multi-sensor data fusion result optimal. The soil temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbon dioxide and plant height environmental data acquisition sensors are activated to obtain field environmental sensing data, and determine the function keys based on the early warning value and time value. Adjustments were made to the farmland environment based on the judgment results with focus on the environmental control of farmland operation monitoring technology impact. The experimental results show that after the introduction of farmland operation monitoring technology, the accuracy of farmland environment monitoring is higher and the error of farmland environment regulation is lower, which meets the basic needs of users.

Calibration of soil humidity sensors of automatic irrigation controller

The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of irrigation of crops cultivated in agriculture. Precise irrigation is an effective solution to irrigation problems. The methods and means of intellectual irrigation, based on sensors that monitor soil moisture and provide signals to the irrigation control solenoid valve, are described. A block diagram of an automatic drip irrigation system is described. For the experiment, five different types of droppers (A, B, C, D, and E) were used Rivulis Eurodrip brand, three of which are droppers with pressure compensation and two are the droppers without pressure compensation. Three parameters were used to study the characteristics of droppers: flow uniformity; volumetric water flow depending on the inlet pressure; determination of the dropper constant and the volume flow exponent. Droppers were tested at three pressures in the system: 0.05, 0.2 and 0.35 MPa. At each pressure value, the experiment was performed in triplicate. The process of calibrating humidity sensors is described. An analysis is made of the effect of soil moisture on the electrical resistance of the sensor for various types of soils. It is recommended that moisture sensors be calibrated to local soil and water conditions.

IoT-solar energy powered smart farm irrigation system

As the Internet of things (IoT) technology is evolving, distributed solar energy resources can be operated, monitored, and controlled remotely. The design of an IoT based solar energy system for smart irrigation is essential for regions around the world, which face water scarcity and power shortage. Thus, such a system is designed in this paper. The proposed system utilizes a single board system-on-a-chip controller (the controller hereafter), which has built-in WiFi connectivity, and connections to a solar cell to provide the required operating power. The controller reads the field soil moisture, humidity, and temperature sensors, and outputs appropriate actuation command signals to operate irrigation pumps. The controller also monitors the underground water level, which is essential to prevent the pump motors from burning due to the level in the water well. The proposed system has three modes of operations, i.e. the local control mode, mobile monitoring-control mode, and fuzzy logic-based control mode. For the purpose of the proposed system validation, a prototype was designed, built, and tested.

The Architecture of the Smart Flowerpot by using the Internet of Things (IoT)

Smart Flowerpot was a plant pot that helped growers reduced care time and watering for the plants, because the plant pot offered by the researcher had a soil humidity sensor that measured the soil moisture and sent the soil moisture to the processor using Node MCU ESP8266. If the humidity level of the soil was lowered to the specified value, Node MCU sent a signal to the relay module, to allow the water pump to water the plants and there was an ultrasonic sensor module to measure the water level that was put in for watering the plants. If the water supply had almost run out, the Node MCU would send a notification message to the Line Notify of the owner of the smart flowerpot to refill the water and, in addition, the smart flowerpot was equipped with an RGB LED Module to show the soil moisture status. If the LED was green, it meant high humidity, yellow was moderate humidity, red was low, and users could also use the mobile application to manage and display sensor values in order to let them know the status of the smart flowerpots. The researcher designed the Architecture of Smart Flowerpot by using the Internet of Things and brought it to five Information Technology and Computer Science experts to assess the suitability. Overall evaluation, the average 4.55 SD 0.63, was suitable at the highest level.

Design of an Automatic Irrigation System

Over the years, a lot of irrigation systems have been developed to aid crop farming but most of them are manually operated. The few automatic irrigation systems available in the country are very expensive and therefore not easily available to the peasant farmers. The need for improved non-seasonal crop farming gave rise to this research work on a low cost irrigation system made from locally sourced components. The system designed in this work makes use of a locally made soil humidity sensor to check the water level in the soil. If the water level is below the required level, the irrigation system is turned on by sending a signal to the relay connected to the pump which opens the valve to let water out. Once the required humidity is obtained, it is turned off through a similar mechanism. The control also has six buttons for time-based control of irrigation for crops that demand irrigation at specific times of the day. With a system like this, non-seasonal farming is ensured thus increasing food supply and reducing hunger.

Design of an Automatic Irrigation System

Over the years, a lot of irrigation systems have been developed to aid crop farming but most of them are manually operated. The few automatic irrigation systems available in the country are very expensive and therefore not easily available to the peasant farmers. The need for improved non-seasonal crop farming gave rise to this research work on a low cost irrigation system made from locally sourced components. The system designed in this work makes use of a locally made soil humidity sensor to check the water level in the soil. If the water level is below the required level, the irrigation system is turned on by sending a signal to the relay connected to the pump which opens the valve to let water out. Once the required humidity is obtained, it is turned off through a similar mechanism. The control also has six buttons for time-based control of irrigation for crops that demand irrigation at specific times of the day. With a system like this, non-seasonal farming is ensured thus increasing food supply and reducing hunger.

An Anthurium Growth Environment Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

Anthurium is known as a famous and precious cut flower in the world, but its growth and ornamental effect is easily affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and light intensity. An environment parameter monitoring system based on wireless sensor network is proposed to let flower managers understand the status of anthurium growth environment at any time, and take effective measures to improve the environment. The proposed system uses sensor nodes to acquire data of air temperature and humidity, light intensity and soil temperature and humidity, sink node to collect data from sensor nodes through wireless sensor network, and send data to the PC of monitoring center. By using MSP430F149 as the main controller, nRF905 as the communication module, and AM2306, GY－30 and SMTS-II-485X as the air temperature and humidity, light intensity and soil temperature and humidity sensors, the hardware of the wireless sensor network nodes are realized. The node software is developed based on IAR Embedded Workbench and the computer monitoring software by VB6.0. The results show that the proposed system which is accurate and stable can make real-time monitoring of anthurium growth environment in a large scale. Therefore it can be widely applied in agricultural environmental monitoring.

Landslide early warning system based on arduino with soil movement and humidity sensors

In this paper, a landslide monitoring system was built to detect the movement and humidity of the soil that generally causes landslides. The soil movement sensors utilizes a sliding potentiometer that converts distances into stresses and a humidity sensors. Data from sensors processed using a 10 bit Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) on the ATmega8535 microcontroller. The value of soil movement and humidity then sent digitally via serial USB communication protocol. The soil movement and humidity is displayed through the website interface in the form of graphic data and can be downloaded in the form of excel files. The results obtained through the simulation that the system is able to measure the movement of soil, soil moisture, and provide early warning through sirens. The system has a 1 mm resolution specification with a range of motion measurements with a linear correlation of 0.998. The system can also recognize sudden ground movements as an indication of landslides.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengontrol Penyiram Tanaman Otomatis Menggunakan Sensor Kelembaban Tanah Di Area Pertanian

Salah satu faktor penyebab kurangnya produktifitas pertanian di Indonesia adalah mayoritas petani di Indonesia masih menggantungkan pada perubahan iklim dalam pengolahan lahan pertanian. Prototype atau purwarupa yang dapat melakukan otomasi penyiraman tanaman ini diciptakan bertujuan untuk membantu petani di Indonesia dalam mengelola lahan pertanian tanpa perlu melakukan penyiraman secara manual dan melihat kondisi cuaca. Cara kerja Alat ini yaitu dengan menggunakan Arduino sebagai otak pergerakan alat dan Sensor Kelembaban Tanah untuk mengambil data dari tanaman. Kemudian data yang telah didapat oleh alat tersebut akan dikirim ke sistem monitoring berbasis website menggunakan Ethernet Shield. Hasil percobaan dan implementasi dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa prototype atau purwarupa ini dapat bekerja sesuai fungsi dan tujuannya.

Internet-/Arduino-controlled PV automatic irrigation system for clean environment

In recent years, climate change and global warming has resulted in large amount of water required for irrigation. The designed system is an electronically controlled automatic irrigation system by using Arduino based on soil humidity sensors. An automatic photovoltaic (PV) pumping system consists of at least seven basic components, namely a PV array, a dc pump motor, a battery charge regulator, a water tank, soil humidity sensors, solenoid valves, and Arduino systems as the electronics control unit. Soil humidity sensors are placed in four different lines in the soil and controlled by four various solenoid valves. Water requirement of soil increases during consistent sunny days. The data received from the soil humidity sensors are compared with the reference values of an Arduino unit. When the humidity level of the soil is less than a certain reference level, the pump motor is started by opening its line solenoid valve. Thereafter, the land irrigation process begins. Each line is irrigated separately through a solenoid valve that is connected to the pump motor. Hence, the DC pump motor is controlled using the Arduino unit. In addition, the automatic irrigation system is monitored via a Web site and can be manually controlled if necessary. The designed system is implemented in laboratory conditions, and the results obtained are satisfactory.

Design and performance analysis of soil temperature and humidity sensor

In view of the current soil layer temperature and humidity measurement, there are some problems such as difficult installation and changing soil structure. Therefore the soil temperature and humidity measurement sensor based on high frequency fringe field effect is designed. The measuring principle is based on LC oscillating circuit and soil dielectric constant. Through this method the functional relation between soil humidity and output frequency can be deduced. Numerical analysis technique is used to get the curve of oscillator frequency output with the change of soil humidity. Based on a large number of measured data, the functional relation between output frequency and soil moisture is obtained by data fitting method. Sensors can output data through serial port, GSM and Bluetooth. The soil temperature and humidity sensor is stable through many experiments. It provides an efficient acquisition and measurement method for real-time acquisition of multi-layer soil temperature and humidity.