Software Photoshop Research Articles

Engineering a ratiometric-sensing platform based on a PTA-NH2@GSH-AuNCs composite for the visual detection of copper ions via RGB assay

This work involved the development of a smartphone-assisted ratiometric-sensing platform for the convenient detection of copper ions (Cu2+). The ratiometric fluorescence sensor was fabricated by the formation of a complex between 2-aminoterephthalic acid (PTA-NH2) and glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs). Within 30 s after adding different concentrations of Cu2+, the fluorescence intensity of GSH-AuNCs decreased dramatically at 595 nm, whereas the fluorescence intensity of PTA-NH2 at 445 nm remained constant. Accordingly, a clear linear relationship was found to exist between the fluorescence intensity ratio (F595/F445) and a wide range of Cu2+ concentrations (1–150 μM), and the detection limit (LOD) for Cu2+ sensing was 0.275 μM. The recoveries of spiked samples from real samples ranged from 94.4 % to 105.2 %, proving that the sensing platform could be successfully utilized to detect Cu2+ in real samples. Moreover, the fluorescence images that were captured with a smartphone were uploaded and analyzed by the desktop software Photoshop (PS). The channel values of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) of the generated images were rapidly determined, and the R/B values were suitable for the semi-quantitative analysis of Cu2+ in real samples without any expensive equipment or complicated operation. Therefore, the as-proposed strategy offers great potential prospects for visually monitoring environmental pollution, particularly in resource-limited areas.

Visual perception of repaired cleft lip scarring face associated with different malocclusions via eye-tracking.

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the visual facial perception in response to scars associated with repaired cleft lip (CL) on a male adolescent patient, as assessed via eye-tracking. Methods. Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) malocclusions, grades 1, 5, and 8 were added to the frontal view facial image of an adolescent male model showing asymmetries of the nose and upper lip after CL surgery using the software Photoshop CS5® software. The eye movements of 91 laypeople observers were tracked by an Eye Tribe infrared sensor connected to OGAMA© software. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to identify differences in total fixation time and time until the first fixation for the areas of interest. A visual analog scale (VAS) of attractiveness was also used in the study. Statistical analysis was performed adopting a significance level of P<0.05. Results. The area of interest (AOI) were found to be the mouth and teeth, which were more focused on gazed at than any other area, regardless of the grade of IOTN. For observers of different ages, there were significant differences in the time until the first fixation on the scar of the repaired CL region for IOTN grade 1 (P=0.007). Images showing IOTN grade 1 repaired CL regions received the highest VAS scores. The older the age, the greater the tendency to give a higher VAS score for the same malocclusion. Conclusion. The presence of a CL scar on the upper lip did not attract the eye of laypeople observers of different ages, regardless of the degree of malocclusion in the non-smile image. The age of the observers did influence the perception of attractiveness, with older observers giving higher scores than younger ones. As the severity of the malocclusion increased, they were found to be less attractive.

Prevention of necrosis in ischemic skin flaps using hydrogel of Rhizophora mangle

INTRODUCTIONNecrosis in ischemic cutaneous flaps (ISF) is a type of surgical failure more feared among surgical complications. Currently, synthetic drugs are applied during the treatment of necrosis in ISF and although several substances show improvement in viability, some require application at high systemic doses, which can produce important side effects. Therefore, the search for natural substances with fewer side effects is constant. The use of medicinal plants that stimulate angiogenesis is commonly mentioned in previous studies and in this case Rhizophora mangle L. (R. mangle) highlights that among its main compounds have tannins and flavonoids that are very chemically reactive in various biological activities. This study aimed to associate a natural hydrogel to the 5% extract of R. mangle and to evaluate its potential in the prevention of tissue necrosis in distal portions of ISF in rats, using the model proposed by Macfarlane, et al. (1965). METHODSIschemic skin flaps were made in the thin dorsal skin area of 28 Wistar rats and divided into 4 groups, group A: received only saline, group B where the aqueous extract of R. mangle was applied, group C received the 1.5% hydrogel of xanthan gum (XG) + placebo and group D was applied the hydrogel associated with 5% R. mangle extract. Morphometric analyses of the areas of tissue necrosis were performed from photographic records using the software Photoshop® and ImageJ®. In addition, 5 photomicrographs were taken from each histological sample of each animal for histomorphometric analysis that obtained the count of fibroblasts and blood vessels. RESULTSThe mean percentage of necrotic areas was: group (A) – 50,66%, group (B) – 40,49%, group (C) – 37,44% and group (D) – 34,25%. The statistical analysis, using the Kruskal-Wallis test, showed a significant difference (p < 0.001).

Analysis of Keypoint-based Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Digital Images

The images are used as the element that is primary of in multitudinous operations and the dupe- move phony is considerably used to induce the forged images by manipulating the content of digital images. With the advancement of various image editing software Photoshop that is including Draw, GIMP, etc make it's easier to manipulate the digital images. Thus, Copy- Move Forgery Detection is a task that is challenging. Some of the dupe- move phony discovery styles analogous as Symmetry predicated features that are original SIFT- Symmetry, Clustering with J- relation Algorithm, SIFT- KAZE crossbred Features, point Matching predicated on frippery- bin-First Algorithm, Binary Discriminant Featuresetc. are compared and analysed in this paper.

Research on garment pattern design based on fractal graphics

This paper firstly analyzes the basic principle of generating fractal art graphics and the artistic features of graphics and then uses scientific visualization method to innovate and improve the theoretical model used in this paper. The generation principle and graphic characteristics of fractal graphics of complex dynamic system and L-system are mainly analyzed, and two kinds of art graphics—flower art graphics and geometric art graphics—have been developed. On this basis, the generated artistic figures are designed for the second time and then applied to the design of clothing patterns. By using MATLAB programming software to generate art graphics conforming to a specific style, combined with image processing software Photoshop to process and redesign the generated graphics, these art graphics can assist the design of clothing printing patterns and make patterns applicable for clothing fabrics. Finally, the fractal pattern theory is applied to silk scarves design and clothing fabric design through digital printing technology, which can fully reflect the practicability and superiority of clothing pattern design based on the fractal theory. Based on the experimental result, it shows that it is completely feasible to design clothing fabric printing patterns based on fractal theory, and the unusual artistic patterns designed have very considerable practical value. In addition, this method encourages creativity in the garment pattern design process and accelerates new design generation.

Analysis of pore scale fluid migration in a porous medium- application to coal rock seam

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to digitize the porous structure and reconstruct the geometry of the rock by using the image processing software photoshop (PS) and ant colony algorithm coded with compiler Fortran PowerStation (fps) 4.0 based on the microscopic image of a typical rock mass.Design/methodology/approachThe digital model of the microstructure of the porous coal rock was obtained, and imported into the numerical simulation software to build the finite element model of microstructure of the porous coal rock. Creeping flow equations were used to describe the fluid flow in the porous rock.FindingsThe simulation results indicate that the method utilized for reconstructing the microstructure of the porous coal rock proposed in this work is effective. The results demonstrate that the transport of fluid in a porous medium is significantly influenced by the geometric structure of the pore and that the heterogeneous porous structure would result in an irregular flow of the fluid.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors did not experience a limitation.Practical implicationsThe existence of the pores with dead ends would hinder the fluid to flow through the coal rock and reduce the efficiency of extracting fluid from the porous coal rock. It is also shown that the fluid first enters the large pores and subsequently into the small pore spaces.Social implicationsThe paper provides important and useful results for several industries.Originality valueImage processing technology has been utilized to incorporate the micro image of the porous coal rock mass, based on the characteristics of pixels of the micro image. The ant colony algorithm was used to map out the boundary of the rock matrix and the pore space. A FORTRAN code was prepared to read the micro image, to transform the bmp image into a binary format, which contains only two values. The digital image was obtained after analyzing the image features. The geometric structure of the coal rock pore was then constructed. The flow process for the micro fluid in the pore structure was illustrated and the physical process of the pore scale fluid migration in the porous coal seam was analyzed.

Coğrafya Çalışmalarında Panoramik Fotoğraf Kullanımı

In this study, panoramic photograph making to analyis of quantitative referance in using of geographic studies, to explained feature of panoramic photograph and to provide benefits of geography, to explained using tracts in geography and finally How are make simply panoramic photo. The maps and phtograph using with different a lot of material in geography.Photographies visualize to space, land, topography, city and a lot of geographic elements, therefore provide to using of geography. Panoramic photos, provides wide-angle images, by combining several frames taken from a single high-resolution images are obtained, detailed observations and analysis are made, improve literacy, provide permanent learning in education and training with the visual sensory organ, to accelerate the production and knowledge transfer process, increase the perception of reality and usability. This features, panoramic photography create to provide of geography. Many contributions to the geography of the past have led to the present panoramic photographs used in work-in publication of these images. Therefore, this study examined a total of 2236 publications in journals and 378 all counted eight different regions have been identified as a panoramic photograph is used. Panoramic photos are used in all sub-disciplines of geography. However geomorphology of the photo (49%) and settlement geography (16%) in the condensation, determine the use of the panoramic photo in the fields of geography and today show that more beneficial to these areas. Past manually produced panoramic photos, especially nowadays many software Photoshop software, can be produced in the special panoramic cameras and smartphones. Production of panoramic photos is easy, advantages, benefits and opportunities provided by the region is projected to increase the use of panoramic photos.

Reviewing photoshop

This article provides an analysis of the application software Photoshop with a specific focus on how reviews serve as sites for mediating its cultural subjectivities. The first sections develop a conceptual framework for the research based on mediation theory followed by a more detailed discussion of how tracing Photoshop’s cultural biography can be used to analyze its mediation in a way that recognizes its status as part of technological processes and social contexts. The later sections apply this framework with a specific focus on Photoshop upgrades and how they are reviewed in magazine articles and newsgroups over the course of nearly 20 years.

Localization of perforators in the lower leg by digital antomy imaging methods

To offer both the accurate three-dimensional anatomical information and algorithmic morphology of perforators in the lower leg for perforator flaps design. The cadaver was injected with a modified lead oxide-gelatin mixture. Radiography was first performed and the images were analyzed using the software Photoshop and Scion Image. Then spiral CT scan was also performed and 3-dimensional images were reconstructed with MIMICS 10.01 software. There are (27 +/- 4) perforators whose outer diameter > or = 0.5 mm ( average, 0.8 +/- 0.2 mm). The average pedicle length within the superficial fascia is (37.3 +/- 18.6) mm. The average supplied area of each perforator is (49.5 +/- 25.5) cm2. The three-dimensional model displayed accurate morphology structure and three-dimensional distribution of the perforator-to- perforator and perforator-to-source artery. The 3D reconstruction model can clearly show the geometric, local details and three-dimensional distribution. It is a considerable method for the study of morphological characteristics of the individual perforators in human calf and preoperative planning of the perforator flap.

Study on Reproduction of Color Information of Digital Image Based on Different Color Gamut

This paper is based on digital image color information reproduction error in a different color gamut,Through the different color gamut mapping method, image processing software Photoshop is used to make experiment and to obtain the corresponding image effect. Using digital presses to print out and use Spectrodensitometer measure the corresponding data.Using Excel software for data processing and analysis, digital image color information of loss situation is obtained in RGB and CMYK color space, It can provide certain basis for control of the color loss.

Oral Histological Pathology Digital Curriculum Construction and Application

The paper would put the content of oral histological pathology and the network together, learning this course more convenient and visualize, initiating the interest of study. Using web pages (flash) and photo editing software (Photoshop) make teaching content vividly and as questionnaire to evaluate effect evaluation. Through digital course of study, the feedback is better, achievement is obviously improved. Digital learning mode applications have a good effect to students.

Clinical Immunology and Inspection Information Network Construction and Application

The aim would clinical immunology and inspection content and network. Is connected, enable medical students more convenient and more vividly understanding, then learning this course, motivate the study interest. Methods: Using webpage making software FrontPage 2003 and animation software (flash and photo editing software (Photoshop) vivid teaching content on the website will be displayed, and the form of peer appraisal, students through questionnaire survey of software evaluating. Results: Using FrontPage software will book knowledge into a web page making mode of learning in the student to study independently receive a good result, also added "online self-test" edition piece, more effective inspection study effect, student feedback is good. Conclusion: This study pattern application of student learning, for students to deepen the understanding of this course and improve the learning efficiency, arouse the interest in learning has very good effect.

A Study of Mixed Media Art Creation for Children’s Picture Books

The purpose of this study is to create art media of picture books for children using mixed media coatings. In the beginning, through document analysis, the types, characteristics, and styles of current picture books were discussed as references for the creation. Then through interactive teaching with discussions, the teacher and students started to plan for the content and the storyboard of the picture book. And the graphic script had been discussed and revised several times. And delicate sketches were completed, scanned, and edited with the software Photoshop. Finally, the art creation for picture books using both hand drawings and computer graphing with mixed media was completed.

Translocation of Activated Heterotrimeric G Protein Gαo to Ganglioside-enriched Detergent-resistant Membrane Rafts in Developing Cerebellum

The association of gangliosides with specific proteins in the central nervous system was examined by co-immunoprecipitation with an anti-ganglioside antibody. The monoclonal antibody to the ganglioside GD3 immunoprecipitated phosphoproteins of 40, 53, 56, and 80 kDa from the rat cerebellum. Of these proteins, the 40-kDa protein was identified as the alpha-subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein, G(o) (Galpha(o)). Using sucrose density gradient analysis of cerebellar membranes, Galpha(o), but not Gbetagamma, was observed in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) raft fractions in which GD3 was abundant after the addition of guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS), which stabilizes G(o) in its active form. On the other hand, both Galpha(o) and Gbetagamma were excluded from the DRM raft fractions in the presence of guanyl-5'-yl thiophosphate, which stabilizes G(o) in its inactive form. Only Galpha(o) was observed in the DRM fractions from the cerebellum on postnatal day 7, but not from that in adult. After pertussis toxin treatment, Galpha(o) was not observed in the DRM fractions, even from the cerebellum on postnatal day 7. These results indicate the activation-dependent translocation of Galpha(o) into the DRM rafts. Furthermore, Galpha(o) was concentrated in the neuronal growth cones. Treatment with stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, a physiological ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor, stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding to Galpha(o) and caused Galpha(o) translocation to the DRM fractions and RhoA translocation to the membrane fraction, leading to the growth cone collapse of cerebellar granule neurons. The collapse was partly prevented by pretreatment with the cholesterol-sequestering and raft-disrupting agent methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. These results demonstrate the involvement of signal-dependent Galpha(o) translocation to the DRM in the growth cone behavior of cerebellar granule neurons.

Reducing the effects of weldlines on appearance of plastic products by Taguchi experimental method

Weldlines influence not only strength of injection products but also the appearance of the products. This paper studies the effects of processing parameters on the appearance of weldlines by Taguchi experimental design method. Weldlines are obtained by the right door of copy machine which is modeled with three gates. The pictures of molding products are taken by digital camera. The samples of products and weldlines are extracted by software photoshop. The hue values of the samples of products and weldlines are calculated by software matlab. The visibility of weldlines is defined with the difference of the hue values of products and weldlines. By analysis, it turns out melt temperature, injection velocity, and injection pressure are the main factors which influence the appearance of weldlines.

Quantitative immunohistochemistry of fluorescence labelled probes using low-cost software

This paper describes simple procedures to process digital images in quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the sarcoplasmic myosin heavy chain isoforms and against laminin, located on the basement membranes, were applied to sections of human skeletal muscle. The localisation and staining intensity of a fluorescent secondary antibody were recorded using an indirect histochemical method. The digitised images were pre-processed and the luminosities of appropriate structures were determined using existing tools in the widely used image processing software Photoshop® from Adobe. Procedures to obtain a quantitative measure for the specific fluorescence signal (the background corrected fluorescence in the object) were developed. In addition, antibody binding to individual cells could be quantified whether these cells are well separated or not. The relation between the specific fluorescence signal and the dilution factor of the primary antibody could be measured to determine a suitable concentration of the antibody for incubation of the sections. The potential fading of the fluorescence signal with time and prolonged exposure to light from the microscope was explored and analysed. With the tools described in the present report it is thus possible also to optimize the topical immunohistochemical protocol in order to quantify the fluorescence signal.

Quantitative immunohistochemistry by measuring cumulative signal strength using commercially available software photoshop and matlab.

Currently available techniques for performing quantitative immunohistochemistry (Q-IHC) rely upon pixel-counting algorithms and therefore cannot provide information as to the absolute amount of chromogen present. We describe a novel algorithm for true Q-IHC based on calculating the cumulative signal strength, or energy, of the digital file representing any portion of an image. This algorithm involves subtracting the energy of the digital file encoding the control image (i.e., not exposed to antibody) from that of the experimental image (i.e., antibody-treated). In this manner, the absolute amount of antibody-specific chromogen per pixel can be determined for any cellular region or structure. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:303-311, 2000)

Cartilage reconstruction in head and neck surgery: Comparison of resorbable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering of human septal cartilage

New cell culture techniques raise the possibility of creating cartilage in vitro with the help of tissue engineering. In this study, we compared two resorbable nonwoven cell scaffolds, a polyglycolic acid/poly-L-lactic acid (PGA/PLLA) (90/10) copolymer (Ethisorb) and pure PLLA (V 7-2), with different degradation characteristics in their aptitude for cartilage reconstruction. Chondrocytes were isolated enzymatically from human septal cartilage. The single cells were resuspended in agarose and transferred into the polymer scaffolds to create mechanical stability and retain the chondrocyte-specific phenotype. The cell–polymer constructs were then kept in perfusion culture for 1 week prior to subcutaneous transplantation into thymusaplastic nude mice. After 6, 12, and 24 weeks, the specimens were explanted and analyzed histochemically on the presence of collagen (azan staining), proteoglycans (Alcian blue staining), and calcification areas (von Kossa staining). Furthermore, different collagen types (collagen type I, which is found in most tissues, but not in hyaline cartilage matrix; and collagen type II, which is cartilage specific) were differentiated immunohistochemically by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Vascular ingrowth was investigated by a factor VIII antibody, which is a endothelial marker. Quantification of several matrix components was performed using the software Photoshop. Significant differences were found between both nonwoven structures concerning matrix synthesis and matrix quality as well as vascular ingrowth. Ethisorb, with a degradation time of approximately 3 weeks in vitro, showed no significant differences from normal human septal cartilage in the amount of collagen types I and II 24 weeks after transplantation. Thin fibrous tissue layers containing blood vessels encapsulated the transplants. V 7-2 constructs, which did not show strong signs of degradation even 24 weeks after transplantation, contained remarkably smaller amounts of cartilage-specific matrix components. At the same time, there was vascular ingrowth even in central parts of the transplants. In conclusion, polymer scaffolds with a short degradation time are suitable materials for the development of cartilage matrix products, while longer stability seems to inhibit matrix synthesis. Thus, in vitro engineering of human cartilage can result in a cartilage-like tissue when appropriate nonwovens are used. Therefore, this method could be the ideal cartilage replacement method without the risk of infection and with the possibility of reconstructing large defects with different configurations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 347–356, 1998.

A stereotaxic atlas of the grey lesser mouse lemur brain (Microcebus murinus)

In response to the growing interest in the prosimian Microcebus murinus for studies on cerebral aging, the stereotaxic atlas of its brain was carried out in view of further anatomical, biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral investigations as well as for therapeutic experiments. This primate, which could be a valuable model for neuroscientific studies in various domains, presents numerous physiological advantages (e.g., size, cost, and ability to breed) compared to rodents, which can be used as nonprimate models, and simians. The atlas, valid for adult microcebes of every age and both sexes, consists of 54 frontal plates and 28 sagittal plates. For the establishment of stereotaxic coordinates and for drawings and photographs, 10 adult specimens of Microcebus murinus were used. The brains were frozen, cut into sections of 50 μm thickness, every fourth section being stained with Nissl. First, sections were projected and the outlines of the different structures, nuclei, and fibers were drawn. Then, the accuracy of the analysis was improved by detailed observation directly by microscope and also by computer analysis. Finally, the photographs of the sections were scanned and processed using the software Photoshop and Illustrator. For testing coordinates, several verifications were made. Experiments on lesions and injections of different substances were carried out in specific regions of the brain and brains implanted with needles were fixed in formol and embedded in paraffin wax.

Transplantation of in vitro cultured cartilage materials: characterization of matrix synthesis

Recently a three-dimensional model for the formation of cartilage in vitro was developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount and quality of newly synthesized matrix after graftig in vitro engineered cartilage into athymic nude mice. Group I received transplants consisting of human chondrocytes, agarose, and E 200 (a bioabsorbable polymer fleece that offers mechanical stability. Ethicon Inc). Group II received chondrocytes and agarose only. At intervals of six, 12, and 24 weeks after subcutaneous transplantation we used azan blue staining and antibodies against collagen type I, collagen type II, and chondroitin-4sulfate to characterize the matrix synthesis. A quantitative analysis was performed using the computer image analyzing software photoshop (Adobe Inc). In group I, the amounts of newly synthesized cartilage specific collagen type II and chondroitin-4 sulfate increased progressively. Twenty-four weeks after transplantation, these amounts were comparable to the original human cartilage from which the chondrocytes were derived. Collagen type I was detected only in small quantities in the periphery of the transplants. Gross examination revealed sufficient mechanical stability and unremarkable changes in size and form. In contrast to this, group II transplants showed markedly smaller amounts of cartilage specific matrix components as collagen type II and chondroitin-4 sulfate and at the same time greater amounts of collagen type I. It was found both in the periphery and in central parts of the transplants. There was a remarkable loss of volume in all transplants and mechanical stability was poor. The absorbable cell carrier E 200 not only offers mechanical stability to in vitro engineered cartilage but also had a positive effect on the development of cartilage in our experiments. In conclusion, in vitro engineered cartilage is a promising pathway for the replacement of cartilage defects.