Software Design Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE WEIGHT OF ORE IN THE SKIP OF A MINE ELEVATOR

The article describes the development of a computerized system for measuring the weight of ore in the skip of a mine hoist. The purpose of this system is to provide operational information for the automated management system of the iron ore plant. The work includes the design of both hardware and software of the system. The hardware includes weight sensors that measure and transmit data to a central computing unit. The software includes data processing algorithms that analyze ore weight information and transmit the results to the control system. One of the key aspects of the article is the possibility of further refinement of the project and testing of the prototype system in the conditions of industrial production. This will make it possible to check the efficiency and reliability of the system in real working conditions, as well as to make the necessary adjustments and improvements before the end of the project. Summing up, the developed system has the potential to become an important element for optimizing and improving the efficiency of the iron ore plant, and also demonstrates the prospects of introducing similar technologies in other industries. The work highlights the potential benefits of using this computerized ore weight measurement system. Among these advantages can be noted an increase in the accuracy of measurements, a decrease in human intervention and, accordingly, an increase in the level of safety in production, as well as the possibility of prompt acquisition and analysis of data for management decision-making. In addition, the integration of this system into the management of an iron ore plant can help reduce material losses, optimize the use of resources and increase the overall efficiency of production. These aspects are important for the enterprise from the point of view of economic efficiency and stability in the market. Thus, the developed computerized system for measuring the weight of ore in the skip of a mine hoist is a promising and important step in the direction of improving technological processes in industry and increasing its competitiveness.

Categorization of continuous covariates and complex regression models—friends or foes in intersectionality research

ObjectivesTo reduce health inequities, it is important to identify intersections in characteristics of individuals subject to privilege or disadvantage. Different proposals for that have recently been published. One approach (1) considers models specified with first- and all second-order effects and another (2) the stratification based on multiple covariates; both categorize continuous covariates. A simulation study was conducted in order to review both methods with regard to identification of intersections showing true differences, rate of false-positive results, and generalizability to independent data compared to an established approach (3) of backward variable elimination according to Bayesian information criterion (BE-BIC) combined with splines. Study Design and SettingR software has been used to simulate the covariates age, sex, body mass index, education, and diabetes to examine their association with a continuous frailty score for osteoporosis using multiple linear regression. In setting 1, none of the covariates was associated with the frailty score, that is, only noise is present in the data. In setting 2, the covariates age, sex, and their interaction were associated with the frailty score, such that only females above 55 years formed an intersection associated with an increased frailty score. All approaches were compared under varying sample sizes (N = 200–3000) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs, 0.5–4) in 1000 replications. For model evaluation, bootstrap resampling was used. The models were fitted in internal learning data and then used to predict outcomes in the internal validation data. The mean squared error (MSE) was used for comparison and the frequency of false-positive findings calculated. ResultsIn setting 1, approaches 1 and 2 generated spurious effects in more than 90% of simulations across all sample sizes. In a smaller sample size, approach 3 (BE-BIC) selected 36.5% of the correct model, in larger sample size in 89.8% and always had a lower number of spurious effects. MSE in independent data was generally higher for approaches 1 and 2 when compared to 3. In setting 2, approach 1 selected most frequently the correct interaction but frequently showed spurious effects (>75%). Across all sample sizes and SNR, approach 3 generated least often spurious results and had lowest MSE in independent data. ConclusionCategorization of continuous covariates is detrimental to studies on intersectionality. Due to high and unrestricted model complexity, such approaches are prone to spurious effects and often lack interpretability. Approach 3 (BE-BIC) is considerably more robust against spurious findings, showed better generalizability to independent data, and can be used with most statistical software. For intersectionality research, we consider it most important to describe relevant differences between intersections and to avoid nonreproducible and spurious findings.

Midpalatal miniscrew insertion: The accuracy of digital planning and surgical placement

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of palatal miniscrew insertion, evaluating the effect of guide fabrication and surgical placement. Guided insertion of bilateral paramedian palatal miniscrews was undertaken using Appliance Designer software (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). A resin surgical guide (PPro Surgical Guide; Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) was used. Superimposition of the miniscrew position relative to the digital design was undertaken using bespoke software (Inspect 3D module, OnyxCeph; Image Instruments GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany) to assess surgical inaccuracy. Miniscrew position relative to the surgical guide was also assessed to isolate the effect of planning inaccuracies. Both horizontal and vertical discrepancies were evaluated at both implant locations. Twenty-seven patients having bilateral palatal insertions were examined. Mean discrepancies were<0.5 mm, both in the horizontal and vertical planes. The mean overall horizontal and vertical discrepancy between the digital design and final miniscrew position on the left side was 0.32 ± 0.15 mm and 0.34 ± 0.17 mm, respectively. The maximum horizontal discrepancy observed was 0.72 mm. No significant differences were observed in relation to the accuracy of mini-implant positioning on the basis of sidedness, either for horizontal (P= 0.29) or vertical (P= 0.86) discrepancy. High levels of accuracy associated with guided insertion of paramedian palatal implants were recorded with mean discrepancies of less than 0.5 mm both in the horizontal and vertical planes. No difference in accuracy was noted between the left and right sides. Very minor levels of inaccuracy associated both with surgical techniques and surgical guide fabrication were recorded.

Response of Intze Tank against Static and Earthquake Loads Using Staad Pro

Water tanks are the largest utility structures in both public and industrial purposes. This project aims to analyze the response of an intze tank structure subjected to both static and earthquake loads using STAAD Pro software. Intze tanks are commonly used for water storage and distribution in various industries and municipalities. Understanding their structural behavior under different loading conditions is crucial for ensuring their stability and safety. The water tanks are the long life structures. Based on the studies India is the 60% is prone to earthquakes. But many of the structures are designed using the wind force as a lateral load but sometimes the seismic force also leads to collapse of a structure. By the consideration of combination of loads of live load, dead load and wind load or seismic load by using the code of practice IS 875 (part-v). So in this project we manually design a intze tank of 1000000 liters capacity using the codes of IS 456-2000, IS 3370 and will be statically checked using the code of practice of IS 875 part-v and IS 1893 part-II (2016). After the comparison of the manual design, these design parameters will be applied in STAAD Pro software and comparison will be done with manual design and software design.

Developing a digital human modeling toolset: Simulating elderly posture in Grasshopper to optimize living environments

The increasing aging population highlights the critical need for elderly-friendly architectural environments. Existing architecture design guidelines often overlook the varied needs of individual differences among the elderly. Digital Human Models (DHMs) offer an effective solution by simulating individual differences and interactions within architectural spaces for the elderly, enabling ergonomic assessments during the design phase of architecture. However, existing DHM platforms have not been integrated with architectural software, limiting designers' ability to receive timely feedback during the design phase. This study addresses this gap by developing a novel DHM toolset on architectural software, Grasshopper, that simulates elderly postures and automatically assesses ergonomic factors like joint angles and comfort levels. Three application scenarios for the toolset were provided: assessing the minimum doorway side space for walker users, determining the handrail position for wheelchair users during the transfer process in the bathroom, and evaluating the comfort level of elderly people getting support postures in the bedroom. The results demonstrate that the toolset can effectively simulate the daily activity postures of the elderly and offer practical design suggestions. The theoretical contribution of this study lies in providing a novel toolset that integrates DHM with architectural design software, offering a new perspective and method for architectural design that considers individual differences among the elderly. Practically, by assessing minimal space and posture comfort, the toolset enables designers to obtain timely ergonomic feedback during the architecture design phase. This ultimately improves architectural design schemes and fosters independence and safety for the elderly in built environments.

Maximizing enhanced oil recovery via oxidative cracking of crude oil: employing air injection and H2O2 with response surface methodology optimization

The utilization of air injection as a method to enhance oil recovery in oil fields has gained prominence due to its cost-effectiveness and widespread availability, particularly in heavy oil production. This study focuses on optimizing the oxidative cracking process of Algerian crude oil by employing air injection supplemented with H2O2 and analyzing the interaction of key operating parameters like temperature and catalyst amount using response surface methodology. The predicted values derived from the response functions closely aligned with experimental data, demonstrating high accuracy (R2 = 0.9727 for liquid oil, R2 = 0.9176 for residue, and R2 = 0.7399 for gas phases). Using the developed second-order model, optimal conditions were determined through contour and surface plots, as well as regression equation analysis using Design software. At these optimal parameters (14.78 wt% of H2O2, 2 l min−1 of air flow, 100 ml of crude oil at 354.05 °C for 40 min), the oxidative cracking process yielded 96.32% liquid oil, 3.018% residue, and 0.662% gas products. Notably, the experimental produced liquid oil constituted 96.07 vol. %, matching well with the optimization outcomes. Physicochemical analysis of liquid product phase obtained from oxidative cracking process of petroleum confirmed the prevalence of light aliphatic compounds (C2-C11) at 70.59%, alongside 29.41% of C12-C36. The process also resulted in reduced viscosity, density, refractive index, and sulfur content in the liquid phase. The combination of air injection and H2O2 showcases promise in recovering residual oil effectively and contributes to the ongoing advancements in EOR techniques.

Design of intelligent behavior analysis software based on speaker identity classification algorithm in microgrid mode

Design of intelligent behavior analysis software based on speaker identity classification algorithm in microgrid mode

Thermal analysis of 4-phase 8/6 SRM for EV application

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the thermal characteristics of a 4-phase 8/6 switching reluctance motor (SRM) designed for use in an e-rickshaw (3-wheeler) application. The determination of core and copper losses is achieved through electromagnetic analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The analysis is conducted via MOTORCAD, a multiphysics design software. This work includes the examination of both static and transient temperature conditions. Static analysis entails the estimation of losses by taking into account the motor's maximum current and operating the motor under steady-state conditions. Transient analysis involves the examination of two separate scenarios. One possesses a simple transient characteristic, while the other possesses a distinct duty cycle. The losses obtained from the electromagnetic analysis are used as the input for the simple transient thermal analysis. During transient analysis involving the duty cycle, losses are assigned to certain operating conditions, such as changes in the operating speed of the motor. This study employs the Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN), as well as 3D and 2D FEA techniques to conduct thermal analysis. The findings were compared and subsequently given in the article. The findings produced from the LPTN and 3D FEA approaches demonstrate a strong correlation. The motor's maximum temperature is limited to 180 °C. The findings indicate that the highest temperature, both under static and transient conditions, is below the maximum attainable value.

Application of Finite Element Algorithms for Formula Racing Steering Wheels

The steering wheel of a Formula Student car has an important influence on the driving and handling stability of the car. The steering wheel of the racing car must have good mechanical and stable performance, taking into account lightweight and economic performance. Due to the small riding space of the car, the size of the steering wheel is not required to be too large. In this case, it is very difficult to meet its harsh stress state and control its vibration and noise. Based on the general requirements of the competition rules of the Formula Student racing competition, this paper constructs the geometric model of the steering wheel of the racing car by using the computer 3D design software CATIA. ANSYS software was used to conduct finite element analysis of the mechanical properties of the metal skeleton of the steering disc. Magnesium alloy, a light material with excellent mechanical properties, was selected, and combined with the actual working conditions of the steering disc, especially the force under extreme conditions, the computer simulation results showed that the force distribution and displacement of the steering disc met the design requirements. Considering that the noise and vibration of the steering wheel will have a great impact on the racer, the modal analysis of the steering wheel is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the analysis results show that there is no resonance or instability.

Community-Led Development and Participatory Design in Open Source: Empowering Collaboration for Sustainable Solutions

This whitepaper delves into the active role of community-led development (CLD) and participatory design (PD) in open source software, highlighting how these complementary approaches bring stakeholders from various backgrounds together to create a cooperative atmosphere for developing stable solutions. It emphasizes the importance of these methodologies in enabling communities to tackle real-world issues effectively and robustly, thus influencing the expansion of open-source development. Integrating CLD and PD within open-source projects fosters a more inclusive collaborative development environment, driving innovation and user-centric solutions. Through case studies like Kubernetes and Konveyor, it is evident that these methodologies significantly contribute to project success by enhancing adaptability, ensuring broad community engagement, and addressing diverse user needs. The findings underscore the vital role of these strategies in creating sustainable and resilient software solutions, highlighting their potential to transform the technology development landscape.

Computational assessment of carbon fabric reinforced polymer made prosthetic knee: Mechanics, finite element simulations and experimental evaluation.

A prosthetic knee is designed to replace the functionality of an anatomical knee in transfemoral amputees. The purpose of a prosthetic knee is to restore mobility and compensate amputees for their impairment. In the present research numerical modelling and simulation of a carbon fabric reinforced polymer made polycentric prosthetic knee with four-bar mechanism was performed. Virtual prototyping with computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering software ensured geometric and structural stability of the knee design. The linkage mechanism, instantaneous centre's location and trajectory were investigated using multibody dynamics and analytical formulations. Computational simulations with a non-linear finite element model were employed with joints, contact formulations and an orthotropic material model to predict the displacement, stress formulated and life of the knee prosthesis under static and cyclic loading conditions. Finite element analysis assessed the strength and durability of knee in accordance to standards. Maximum Principal stress of 155 MPa and life expectancy of 3.1 × 106 cycles were determined for the composite knee through numerical simulations ensuring a safe design. Experimental testing was also conducted as per standards and the percentage error was estimated to be 2.52%, thereby establishing the validity of the finite element model deployed. This type of simulation-based approach can be implemented to efficiently and affordably design and prototype a prosthetic knee with desired functioning criteria.

Coding Beauty and Decoding Ugliness: The Role of Aesthetic Concerns in Programming Practices

In this article, we analyze the productive role of aesthetics in organizing technoscientific work. Specifically, we investigate how aesthetic judgments form and inform code-writing practices at a large web services company in Russia. We focus on how programmers express aesthetic judgments about code and software design in everyday practice and explore how language with positive and negative valences is deployed. We find that programmers label code as “beautiful” without defining or establishing agreement about the term and are thereby able to maintain different ideals of beauty within the same organization. However, by learning how to avoid what senior developers deem to be “ugly” code, developers become socialized into producing code with a similar style and logic that we describe as “not ugly.” The fieldwork suggests that aesthetic language can function simultaneously as a mechanism that supports professional diversity within an organization and as a tool for producing consistencies in software design. Studying manifestations of both positive and negative aesthetic language in technoscientific work provides insight into professional practices and the various roles aesthetic language can play in organizational life.

Aircraft Performance Simulation of 19-Passenger Commuter Aircraft: A Comparison between Normal and Amphibious Category

This article presents calculating flight performance aspects and simulations of flight characteristics during a flight mission of the 19-passenger commuter aircraft, with a focus on the comparison between the normal and amphibious category aircraft. The objective is to analyse the flight characteristics (warm up, takeoff, cruise, descent, landing) and capabilities of both aircraft configurations. The significant difference between the two aircraft lies in the presence of float components in the 19-passenger Amphibious aircraft. The calculation process, both manual and simulation-based, involves utilizing constraint analysis and mission analysis to determine the weight fraction values for each flight phase. The results of the constraint analysis indicate that the amphibious category aircraft has higher values (35% - 80%) compared to the normal category aircraft. Meanwhile, the calculations using aircraft engine design (AEDsys) software reveal nearly identical reductions in weight fraction for each phase, with the amphibious category aircraft having a significant decrease in the final weight fraction of 0.87836. The fuel weight used is 2129 lb or 965.70 kg (8 barrels) with a range of approximately 372 nm or about 690 km and a flight time of approximately 2.4 hours. The drag polar values obtained using Parametric cycle analysis software at an altitude of 3,048 meters (10,000 ft) show that the normal category aircraft has a smaller coefficient drag (CD) value. Further validation of the findings from this performance simulation study can be conducted through direct experimental validation during flight to be utilized for optimizing aircraft performance.

Monolithic n‐Type Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Inverter Integrated Circuits Based on Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors

Wide bandgap (WBG) and ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors in n‐type metal–oxide–semiconductor (n‐MOS) integrated circuits (ICs) are increasingly being explored for their potential applications in the rapidly developing field of electronics. This review comprehensively examines the role of n‐MOS inverters underpinned by WBG and UWBG semiconductors and their application possibilities. It delves into various n‐MOS inverter topologies, including resistive, enhancement or diode‐load, depletion‐load, and pseudo‐complementary MOS inverter topologies. Each topology's operational principles, unique advantages, and potential performance are elucidated in detail. Finally, these topologies are simulated using the Advanced Design System software for a fair comparison between various topologies. The literature and simulation results show that the pseudo‐D topology has the best gain and improved noise margin. The review methodology involves an extensive exploration of WBG/UWBG n‐MOS inverters to advance the current understanding of WBG/UWBG n‐MOS‐based ICs.

An intelligent body frame structure modeling and optimization system based on conceptual design

The conceptual design stage is an indispensable and important stage in the development of the modern body. However, due to the lack of sufficient body structure parameter support, the design defects generated at this time are difficult to make up for in the subsequent design stage. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a conceptual design software for body structure that integrates design, analysis, and optimization. This paper proposes an intelligent body frame structure modeling and optimization system based on conceptual design, S-iVCD (Intelligent System for Conceptual Design of Vehicle Body Structure). Based on deep learning methods and body design sketches, a conceptual model of body structure is quickly established. Based on the data parameters stored in the Excel table, the system is seamlessly connected to the domestic independent finite element software SIPESC to calculate the simulated working conditions. The body structure optimization module is driven by the MMA (method of moving asymptotes), and takes the body structure performance and total mass as the optimization goals or constraints of the mathematical model to achieve body structure performance improvement and lightweight design.

Using machine learning to predict artistic styles: an analysis of trends and the research agenda

AbstractIn the field of art, machine learning models have been used to predict artistic styles in paintings. The foregoing is somewhat advantageous for analysts, as these tools can provide more valuable results and help reduce bias in the results and conclusions provided. Therefore, the objective of this research was to examine research trends in the use of machine learning to predict artistic styles from a bibliometric review based on the PRISMA methodology. From the search equations, 268 documents were found, out of which, following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 128 documents were analyzed. Through quantitative analysis, a growing research interest in the subject is evident, progressing from user perception approaches to the utilization of tools like deep learning for art studies. Among the main results, it is possible to identify that one of the most used techniques in the field has been neural networks for pattern recognition. Also, a large part of the research focuses on the use of design software for image creation and manipulation. Finally, it is found that the number of studies focused on contemporary modern art is still limited, this is due to the fact that a large part of the investigations has focused on historical artistic styles.

Flip PDF Based Electronic Modules

The use of electronic modules in learning provides flexibility, interactivity and high personalization possibilities. Teaching materials are grouped based on their shape and how they work. Teaching materials according to their form are printed teaching materials, listening teaching materials, and hearing view teaching materials. Teaching materials according to how they work consist of: unprojected teaching materials, projected teaching materials, audio teaching materials, video teaching materials, and computer media teaching materials. Flip PDF Professional can insert multimedia content such as audio, animation, text, video, and flash. Flip PDF Professional is easy to operate on laptops and mobile devices. The development of e-modules with flip PDF Professional Software can help students be more interested and active in learning activities of computer network topology material at school so that it can help students to explore their e-idea ID to acquire new knowledge by itself. E-module teaching material products developed in the form of flipbooks using professional pdf flip software on computer network topology materials. Its development uses the R&amp;D method with model stages according to Alessi and Tollip. In its development, this product consists of designing concept ideas from e-modules, designing designs such as making image designs to support e-modules using canva design software and developing e-modules developed using professional pdf flip software, media expert test results Feasibility of e-teaching material productsThe module shows that the beta test results of student response reached 91.1% with a very decent category, this means that the e-module teaching materials are very suitable to be used as learning media in class and outside the classroom.

A REVIEW PAPER ON MODELLING AND 3D PRINTING OF TRACTOR TYRE

3D printing could revolutionize tractor tires. It allows for customization, optimized designs, and advanced materials. The paper explores design software, material selection, and new printing techniques like multi-material for improved tires. Challenges include production scale, machinery compatibility, and post-processing optimization. Overall, 3D printing holds promise for better tractor tires and a more sustainable agricultural sector. · Key Words: Revolutionize, Customization, Postprocessing.

The Effect of Twisted Wire Configuration on the Stability of External Fixator: A Biomechanical Study

The Ilizarov fixator is a type of external fixator that is used to treat patients who have suffered injuries from accidents, bone shortening, or nonunion of the bone. The principle behind the Ilizarov fixator is that thin wires (called Kirschner wires) are used to support the bones and connect them to framed rings. Before being fastened to the rings, the wires are tensioned and drilled through the bones. This study suggests using a new parallel wires configuration at the same level on the same ring and two revised versions, which are divergent and convergent models, and compare them with standard wires, 60 angle wires model. All models were designed using SolidWorks, a computer-aided design (CAD) software, and then analyzed in four conditions (axial compression, medial bending, posterior bending, and torsion) with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Ansys Workbench 2020 R2. Mechanical testing was conducted to validate the FEA results, A simple model consisting of a single ring, two K-wires, and polylactic acid (PLA) cylinders was utilized in a tensile test. It has been concluded from the results that the parallel model and its improvement have higher stiffness to axial compression, medial bending, and torsion, but a lower posterior bending stiffness, except the divergent model with 8-hole separation which has a relatively acceptable stiffness for posterior bending.

Multifrequency Electrical Impedance Tomography Images for Swine Pneumonia Detection Using Conductivity Differences

This article introduces a new MfEIT UDESC Mark I system, which consists of a 32-electrode setup featuring a modified Howland current source, low cost, portability, and non-radiation. The system is capable of reconstructing electrical conductivity tomographic images at a rate of 30.624 frames per second, taking about 5 min for imaging. The current source employs a 0.5 mA adjacent current application pattern with frequencies ranging from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. This article outlines the hardware, firmware, and software design specifications, which include the design of the current source, calibration procedures, and image reconstruction process. Tomographic images of conductivity were reconstructed in ex vivo healthy pig lungs and those with pneumonia, as a proof of concept for future applications in live pigs. The high spectral power density, combined with real-time system calibration provides clinical advantages in veterinary medicine. The goal is to identify lung areas affected by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs through the analysis of electrical conductivity difference, offering a valuable tool to assist veterinarians to obtain images of respiratory diseases. The modified reconstruction method GREIT (EIDORS) was evaluated with experimental data and was compared with the Gauss–Newton and Total Variation methods, where GREIT 2D proved to be superior.