Concentrations Of Sodium Nitrite Research Articles

Untargeted metabolomics based on LC–MS to elucidate the mechanism underlying nitrite degradation by Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4

Nitrite is a common additive that is used in processed meat products as a flavor enhancer, color fixative, and preservative; however, its excessive intake is harmful. Lactic acid bacteria are known to degrade nitrite, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein we cultured Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4, which shows effective nitrite degradation ability, in modified de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth containing different sodium nitrite (NaNO2) concentrations [0 (control), 100, and 300 mg/L]. Fermentation broth samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, followed by multivariate statistical analyses. In comparison with the control group, 39 (6 up- and 33 downregulated) and 68 (17 up- and 51 downregulated) significantly differential metabolites were identified in the 100 and 300 mg/L experimental groups, respectively. These metabolites mainly were amino acids, glucides, and purines and principally associated with amino acid, carbohydrate, and purine metabolism. In the process of NaNO2 degradation by L. fermentum RC4, energy supply and tolerance to osmotic stress were enhanced, antioxidant capacity was reduced, and cell growth was inhibited. This is the first systematic study to report the potential mechanism via which L. fermentum RC4 degrades nitrite.

Griess-doped polyvinyl alcohol thin film for on-site simultaneous sample preparation and nitrite determination of processed meat products

To facilitate on-site nitrite determination for processed meat products, Griess-doped polyvinyl alcohol film was synthesized in the bottom of a plastic tube for in-tube determination. The tube’s aperture was used to control the sample dimensions. Each sample, cut into eight sectors, was subjected to nitrite extraction by water. Use of tap water or commercial drinking water vs. ultrapure water was associated with < 2% differences in nitrite levels. The use of film and digital image colorimetry showed a low limit of detection (12.6 ± 0.5 µg L−1), good precision (1.0%RSD, n = 5 days), and good accuracy (93.2 ± 3.5 to 108.5 ± 1.8%recovery). Using these methods, sodium nitrite concentrations in 700 processed meat products for sale in Phuket, Thailand, were found to range from 6.8 ± 0.2 to 113.6 ± 1.3 mg kg−1. These results showed no significant differences with the HPLC standard method (p > 0.05, n = 45).

A Continuous Flow Injection/Indirect Photometric Method for the Detection of Fosetyl Aluminum in Commercial Pesticide Formulations

AbstractBecause of their Physico‐chemical characteristics and its composition, the development of new specific analytical methodologies to determine some highly polar pesticides are required. The reported methods demand long analysis time, expensive instruments and prior extraction of pesticide for detection. The current work presents a new flow injection analysis method combined with indirect photometric detection for the determination of Fosetyl‐Aluminum (Fosetyl‐Al) in commercial formulations, with rapid and highly accurate determination involving only construction of manifold system combined with photometric detector without need some of the pre‐treatments to the sample before the analysis such as extraction or separation. The proposed method is based on the reaction between the Fosetyl‐Al with the colorimetric reagent (Aluminon dye) in an aqueous medium of sodium nitrite resulting in the formation of a red complex and its absorbance is measured using the photometric detector. The proposed method included optimization of several parameters such as sodium nitrite concentration, flow rate, sample volume, Aluminon dye concentration, mixing coil and light intensity. The linear range of the detector response was in the range of 0.005–1.8 mmol/L for the sample with r (coefficient of determination) 0.9909, R2 (correlation coefficient) 0.9954 at 95 % and 0.0041 mmol/L as a limit of detection. The relative standard deviation was less than 1.5 % for 0.005 mmol/L of the analyte (n=11). The proposed method was validated and applied successfully for the determination of Fosetyl‐Al in commercial formulations and can be used as an alternative method for quality control assessment.

Longitudinal effects of sodium chloride and ingoing nitrite concentration and source on the quality characteristics and microbial communities of deli-style ham

The effects of sodium chloride and nitrite concentration on shelf life and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated in deli-style ham. Treatments manufactured in three replicates in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of NaCl concentration (0.7%, 1.4%, or 2.1%, meat block basis) and ingoing nitrite concentration and source (0 ppm, 100 ppm, or 200 ppm sodium nitrite (SN), or 100 ppm sodium nitrite equivalent from celery juice powder (CP) were stored for up to 16 weeks. Aerobic plate counts decreased as NaCl increased except there was no difference within 0 SN controls regardless of NaCl (P < 0.05). Ingoing nitrite concentration affected bacterial community composition (P = 0.005), as pairwise PERMANOVA of nitrite treatments found differences in community composition between 0 SN control and 100 SN, and 100 CP and 200 SN (P < 0.05). 0 SN control and 100 CP, 100 CP and 100 SN, and 100 SN and 200 SN had no significant difference (P > 0.168). Both nitrite amount and source can modulate bacterial composition. Bacterial communities were predominated by Pseudomonadaceae. Overall, this study suggests 200 ppm ingoing sodium nitrite provides the greatest shelf life to deli-style ham, and 0.7% sodium chloride results in inferior product quality and the shortest shelf life.

Supplementation with dietary omega-3 PUFA mitigates fetal brain inflammation and mitochondrial damage caused by high doses of sodium nitrite in maternal rats.

ObjectiveFood safety and nutrition during pregnancy are important concerns related to fetal brain development. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ω-3) on exogenous sodium nitrite intervention-induced fetal brain injury in pregnant rats.MethodsDuring pregnancy, rats were exposed to water containing sodium nitrite (0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.25%) to establish a fetal rat brain injury model. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or flow cytometry. Subsequently, animals were divided into three groups: control, model, and 4% PUFA ω-3. Pregnancy outcomes were measured and recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to observe brain injury. ELISA, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were adopted to measure the levels of inflammatory factors, the NRF1/HMOX1 signaling pathway, and mitochondrial and oxidative stress damage.ResultsWith the increase of sodium nitrite concentration, the inflammatory factors and oxidative stress levels increased. Therefore, the high dose group was set as the model group for the following experiments. After PUFA ω-3 treatment, the fetal survival ratio, average body weight, and brain weight were elevated. The cells in the PUFA ω-3 group were more closely arranged and more round than the model. PUFA ω-3 treatment relieved inflammatory factors, oxidative stress levels, and mitochondria damage while increasing the indicators related to brain injury and NRF1/HMOX1 levels.ConclusionsSodium nitrite exposure during pregnancy could cause brain damage in fetal rats. PUFA ω-3 might help alleviate brain inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage, possibly through the NRF1/HMOX1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, appropriately reducing sodium nitrite exposure and increasing PUFA omega-3 intake during pregnancy may benefit fetal brain development. These findings could further our understanding of nutrition and health during pregnancy.

The adsorption and desorption behavior and mechanism research of cobalt, nickel and copper in nitrite - sulfuric acid system

ABSTRACT In this paper, we studied the adsorption and desorption characteristics of cobalt, nickel, and copper in nitrite–sulfuric acid system, and their adsorption mechanism was also explored. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of cobalt and copper on the anion exchanger is 206 and 175 mg/g, respectively. However, the nickel adsorption capacity was very weak, exhibiting almost no adsorption. When the concentration of sodium nitrite was 1 mol/L, IRA-900 resin showed the best adsorption selectivity to cobalt. The FT-IR, UV absorption spectrometry, and XPS analysis results indicated that the adsorption mechanism of cobalt and copper could be attributed to the formation of anionic nitro-complexes in the solution, which could be exchanged with the anions on the resin to achieve the adsorption of metal ions. After a series of investigations, 1 mol/L sulfuric acid and ammonia were selected as desorption agents for cobalt and copper.

Swine behavioral and physiological response to increasing sodium nitrite oral drench administration and resulting tissue residues

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and behavioral responses of pigs administered sodium nitrite, determine an ideal dosing rate by oral drenching of sodium nitrite for depopulation events, and evaluate the nitrite residue present in the ocular fluid and skeletal muscle after sodium nitrite administration. Materials and methods: Four groups of 10 market weight pigs (40 market weight pigs total) and 1 group of 10 sows were used. Each group of market weight animals received a different oral drench dose of sodium nitrite solution (1× [400-441 mg/kg], 2× [800-882 mg/kg], 2.5× [1000-1102 mg/kg], and 3× [1200-1323 mg/kg]) and was observed for distress behaviors. Two market weight animals in each treatment group were implanted with a monitor to measure body temperature, heart rate, and activity levels. The dosing rate with apparent best behavioral and physiological response was applied to the 10 sows and the same behaviors monitored. After death was confirmed, ocular fluid and skeletal muscle samples were collected from the sows. Results: An increased dosage of sodium nitrite greatly reduced the time to distress with a significant linear relationship. A higher frequency of vocalizations and the most frequent spikes in activity levels were observed in the lowest dosing group. No correlation was found between ocular fluid nitrite and skeletal muscle sodium nitrite concentrations. Implications: Oral drenching of sodium nitrite is a viable method for swine depopulation events. Higher doses of sodium nitrite have better welfare associations. Ocular fluid nitrite anion concentrations do not correlate with sodium nitrite skeletal muscle concentrations.

Baseline sodium nitrate and nitrite concentrations in fresh and processed meats

Curing salts composed of sodium/potassium nitrate and nitrite mixtures are widely used preservatives in processed meats. Despite many desirable technological effects, their use in meat products has been linked to methemoglobinemia and the formation of nitrosamines. Therefore, an increasing “anti-nitrite feeling” has grown among meat consumers, who search for clean label products. Several analytical results have showed low concentrations of sodium nitrate in meat products whose labels do not mention curing salts. Such results may be interpreted as non-compliance according to current Brazilian regulation. In this work, 120 samples of fresh meats and preservative-free labeled processed meats were analyzed in order to assess the natural presence of nitrate and nitrite salts and to estimate their baseline concentrations. Concentrations of sodium nitrate, ranging from 7.8 to 25.2 mg kg−1 and from 8.7 to 32.3 mg kg−1 were quantitated by capillary zone electrophoresis in some samples of fresh pork and meat products, respectively. Sodium nitrite was not quantitated in any product. Thus, positive analytical results for nitrate in these kinds of samples should be interpreted with caution, because of the risk of them being mistakenly characterized as non-compliant results.

Residual nitrite in processed meat products in Costa Rica: Method validation, long-term survey and intake estimations

Ingestion of high amounts of nitrite due processed meat consumption could produce negative effects in human health. Here, we investigate long-term residual sodium nitrite content in processed meat products in Costa Rica to provide the first estimations of nitrite daily intake. An extensively validated analytical procedure was applied for the long-term analysis of 1350 samples from 2014 to 2018. Mean residual sodium nitrite concentration was 76.5 mg kg−1, ranging from < 11 to 278.0 mg kg−1. Significant differences among product and meat types were found, but no temporal differences were observed. Nitrite daily intake was estimated in 0.0122 ± 0.0039 mg kg−1 bw-1 d-1, which accounts for 17.4% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). This information underlies the importance of studying residual nitrite kinetics in processed meat products as well as establishing long-term programs for the accurate estimation of nitrite daily intake rates.

Sodium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor of copper in simulated cooling water

The corrosion inhibition behavior of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) towards pure copper (99.95%) in simulated cooling water (SCW) was investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). NaNO2 interferes with metal dissolution and reduce the corrosion rate through the formation or maintenance of inhibitive film on the metal surface. Surface morphologies illustrated that the surface homogeneity increased on adding sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrite’s adsorption on copper surface followed the modified form of Langmuir, Freundlich and Frumkin isotherms. Physiosorption mode was involved in the corrosion protection. Electrochemical results revealed an corrosion resistance of copper increases on increasing the inhibitor concentration. The DEIS results indicated that copper corrosion mechanism could be hindered by 50% even after interval of 24 h by optimum concentration of sodium nitrite. The maximum inhibition was achieved with 2000 ppm of NaNO2. With this concentration, inhibition efficiency of up to 61.8% was achievable.

Nitric oxide attenuated transforming growth factor-\u03b2 induced myofibroblast differentiation of human keratocytes

Nitric oxide (NO) has the potential to modulate myofibroblast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous NO on the myofibroblast differentiation of human keratocytes using sodium nitrite as a NO donor. Myofibroblasts were induced by exposing resting keratocytes to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were used as myofibroblast markers. Both resting keratocytes and -stimulated keratocytes were exposed to various concentrations of sodium nitrite (1 μM to 1000 mM) for 24 to 72 h. Exposure to sodium nitrite did not alter keratocytes’ viability up to a 10 mM concentration for 72 h. However, significant cytotoxicity was observed in higher concentrations of sodium nitrite (over 100 mM). The expression of αSMA and N-cadherin was significantly increased in keratocytes by TGF-β1 stimulation after 72 h incubation. The addition of sodium nitrite (1 mM) to TGF-β1-stimulated keratocytes significantly decreased αSMA and N cadherin expression. Smad3 phosphorylation decreased after sodium nitrite (1 mM) exposure in TGF-β1-stimulated keratocytes. The effect of NO was reversed when NO scavenger, 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) was added in the culture medium. Application of sodium nitrite resulted in significant decrease of corneal opacity when measured at 2 weeks after the chemical burn in the mouse. These results verified the potential therapeutic effect of NO to decrease myofibroblast differentiation of human keratocytes and corneal opacity after injury.

One-step chemical reaction triggered surface enhanced Raman scattering signal conversion strategy for highly sensitive detection of nitrite

Facile detection of nitrite is of great importance in environment and food monitoring. This study proposed a one-step chemical reaction induced signal conversion strategy for highly sensitive detection of nitrite using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS detection of nitrite was based on the nitrite-thiol reaction between nitrite and 2-thiobarbituric acid in acidic condition. The generated S-nitrosothiol compound was detected in solution using a portable Raman spectrometer system and homemade gold nanoparticles as enhancing substrates. Under the optimal conditions, intensity of the highest characteristic band of the generated S-nitrosothiol compound at ∼685 cm−1 has a good linear relationship with the concentration of sodium nitrite in the range of 0.5−17 μg/mL (R2=0.9964). The calculated limits of detection and quantification were 0.21 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. Nitrite in tap water and pickled brine were successfully detected and quantified using the developed SERS method within 30 min. This method offers an exciting opportunity for highly sensitive on-site detection of nitrite. The proposed chemical reaction based SERS signal conversion strategy shed light on SERS study of small molecules with inherently weak Raman signals.

Synthesis of CeO2/PPy composites for use in the electrocatalytic detection of nitrite

CeO2/PPy composites with obvious electrocatalytic activity were synthesized by a simple heat treatment method. The structure and morphology of CeO2/PPy composites were characterized by XRD and SEM. The effects of Tween80/sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and hydrothermal reaction time on morphology control were studied, and the morphology formation mechanism was proposed. The CeO2/PPy composite was prepared by in situ compounding. The CeO2/PPy composite was coated on a glassy carbon electrode to obtain an electrochemical sensor for detecting sodium nitrite. The anode peak current was proportional to the concentration of sodium nitrite in the range 0.125–22.5 mmol/L (R = 0.996), and the detection limit was 0.08 μmol/L. The CeO2/PPy composite sensor is easily synthesized, low in equipment cost, and wide in dynamic range.

Effects of Chitosan on Clostridium perfringens and Application in the Preservation of Pork Sausage

The effects of chitosan with 95% deacetylation degree (DD95) on the spore germination, cell proliferation, and heat resistance of Clostridium perfringens CCRC 10,648 and CCRC 13,019 were investigated, and its application on pork sausage with sodium nitrite reduction was also evaluated. DD95 chitosan can strongly reduce the heat resistance of both strains. The D80 and D100 values for strain CCRC 13,019 decreased from 40.98 and 4.64 min to 39.21 and 3.26 min, respectively, as a result of adding 250 ppm DD95; meanwhile, addition of chitosan decreased the D80 and D100 values for CCRC 10,648 from 41.15 and 6.46 min to 39.52 and 3.78 min, respectively. In pork sausage, addition of 3000 ppm DD95 chitosan considerably slowed down the bacterial proliferation and volatile basic nitrogen production. There were no significant differences in color (L* and b* values), shearing force, and hardness in the pork sausages with or without DD95 chitosan during storage at 4 and 25 °C. However, the addition of DD95 chitosan in pork sausage significantly retarded the decrease of the a* value. Therefore, DD95 chitosan could reduce the concentration of sodium nitrite required in pork sausages for color retention.

Electrochemical assessement of the therapeutic agent of dietary nitrite in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats based on Ni-Cu/nanotitania sensor

Nitrite compounds are very important in many industrials that may cause some significant problems, but in more or less cases it has useful effect. Therefore, the present study was carried out to shed the light on the effect of nitrite on streptozotocin (STZ) inducing diabetic rats. In this study, thirty-two male Wister rats were distributed into four groups (n= 8 per group): Group (1) control group; Group (2) normal rats received NaNO2 30 mg/kg body weight; Group (3) diabetic group rats received 45 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneal (IP); Group (4) diabetic rats treated daily with NaNO2 for three months. Serum from each group was collected from rat's blood samples to measure aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Urea, and Creatinine. A self-assembled nanostructure titania (TiO2) based surface similar to honey cells was synthesized by a simple, fast, low-cost procedure using the 2D electrochemical cell at sequence potential from 5 V to 30 V for 2 h followed by annealed method at 350°C and 750°C for 3 h. A linear sweep voltammetry electrochemical method was used to deposit the Ni-Cu nanoparticles on titania surface providing a highly sensing platform of Ni-Cu/nanotitania array. Both the degree of sensing (46 µA mM−1) for the electrode were calculated through low detection range from 0.00 to 0.35 mM of glucose via cyclic voltammetry and amperometery techniques. By increasing the glucose concentration through the detection range from 0.4 to 2.5 mM the sensitivity increased to 248 µA mM−1. This significant change indicates that the sensitivity of the electrode is suitable for diabetes measurements. We reported for the first electrochemical sensor fabricated from Ni-Cu/nanotitania to detect glucose level in real urine samples and we used this level as a marker for the effect of nitrite present in the drinking water. The results showed that the presence of low concentration of sodium nitrite can enhance the liver and kidney functions in diabetic rats and also lead to the decrease of the glucose concentration in urine. Additionally, Ni-Cu/nanotitania sensor also has stability, profitable good reproducibility and applicability that guarantee its value in the medical applications as in the environmental applications that has been proven previously.

The Influence of Different Levels of Sodium Nitrite on the Safety, Oxidative Stability, and Color of Minced Roasted Beef

This study focuses on collecting actual data on the workable possibility of reducing the technological use of nitrites in beef products according to the present trends in nutrition, especially in terms of European Union (EU) food law. Measurements of safety by technological (pH value, water activity, N-nitrosamine), microbiological, oxidative stability (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, oxidation-reduction potential), and color parameter (CIE L*a*b*, total heme pigment and heme iron) methods were taken after production and storage. The roasted beef with a reduced inclusion level of sodium nitrite (75 mg/kg and below) was more vulnerable to lipid oxidation. The quantities of primary lipid oxidation products were related to the sodium nitrite inclusion level (50–150 mg/kg). Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes were not detected in any of the samples tested during all the experiments. The total count of Enterobacteriaceae increased with the decrease in sodium nitrite content, from log 2.75 cfu/g at the highest to log 6.03 cfu/g at the smallest addition of nitrite. The obtained results revealed that the addition of 100 mg/kg of sodium nitrite would be adequate for minced roasted beef, without significant unexpected effects on color, oxidative stability, and microbiological safety compared with the control (150 mg/kg).

Influence of sodium nitrite concentration in aqueous corrosion solution on fatigue crack growth in carbon pipeline steel

Fatigue crack growth rate in carbon pipeline steel was studied in aqueous corrosion solution when the passive film formation occurs on the metal surface due to the presence of sodium nitrite admixtures of different concentration. The passive film strength was evaluated as the characteristic value of stress intensity factor KI*, which corresponds to the passive film failure in the crack tip. For determination of parameter KI* the special experimental procedure was developed and verified. It was found that dependence of KI* on the concentration of passivation component in the environment is ambiguous and some maximum value of KI* is observed. The fatigue tests and hydrogen permeation study showed that under these conditions the formed passive film is the most resistible against electrochemical hydrogen absorption that provides the maximal deceleration of fatigue crack growth rate.

Coriander essential oil as natural food additive improves quality and safety of cooked pork sausages with different nitrite levels

The effect of coriander essential oil (CEO) at concentrations of 0.075‐0.150 μL/g on pH, color, lipid oxidation (TBARS), residual nitrite concentration and microbial growth of cooked pork sausages produced with different levels of sodium nitrite (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was investigated. Artificial neural networks modeling and the multi-response optimization were used to determine the optimal combinations of process parameters and storage time. Reduced concentration of sodium nitrite (60 mg/kg) in combination with 0.12 μL/g of CEO resulted in satisfying redness (a* approx. 11.1) and improved oxidative (TBARS approx. 0.12 mg MDA/kg) and microbial stability (total plate count – TPC approx. 2.50 Log CFU/g) of cooked pork sausages during refrigerated storage. Therefore, the results of this paper revealed significant antioxidative and antimicrobial activity of CEO, and consequently its high potential of utilization in processing of cooked pork sausages with enhanced quality and shelf-life.

Effects of partial replacement of sodium nitrite with Lactobacillus pentosus inoculation on quality of fermented sausages

To improve quality and safety of fermented sausages, Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from kimchi was first used to partial replacement of sodium nitrite in sausages preparation. The study illustrated that the strain exhibited the ability of synthesis of nitrosylmyoglobin (Mb-NO) due to the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and metmyoglobin (MetMb) reductase and possible generation mechanism of Mb-NO was proposed. More importantly, the strain could prevent sausages from corruption due to its antibacterial ability. Furthermore, the strain could degrade nitrite and resist against lipid oxidation and protein decomposition. Texture and color of the sausages were superior to the controls. Hence, L. pentosus has great potential to partially substitute nitrite in sausages for its unique ability of producing NO-Mb and antibacterial activity. The combination of L. pentosus and low levels of sodium nitrite addition would be a new significant strategy to improve the quality and safety of the fermented sausages. Practical applications Results support the possibility of reducing sodium nitrite concentration in fermented sausages by inoculation with Lactobacillus pentosus in which provided superior color-cured, microbial stability, and oxidation stability. The combination of L. pentosus and low levels of sodium nitrite addition can be applied by a simple process during processing which facilitates their use in meat industry.

Survival of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium in alginate beads during stress treatments

Purpose This study aims to protect Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium encapsulated in alginate beads during stress treatments, such as high temperatures and concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Design/methodology/approach Free and encapsulated probiotics were subjected to 70 and 80°C during 5, 10, 20 and 30 min. In addition, the probiotics were subjected to concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 per cent NaCl and 0.5 and 1.0per cent of NaNO2. Findings Free Lactobacillus plantarum was more resistant to heat than free Enterococcus faecium. Alginate-encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum (ALP) also was more resistant to heat treatments than alginate-encapsulated Enterococcus faecium (AEF). After 30 min at 70°C, ALP showed levels about 6.9 log CFU/g while AEF presented 4.3 log CFU/g (p = 0.005). However, at 80°C, ALP maintained levels higher than 6 log CFU/g for up to 10 min, while AEF was able to maintain those levels only for approximately 5 min (p = 0.003). Encapsulation process provided adequate protection for both probiotics against NaCl. In relation to NaNO2 concentrations, 0.5 and 1.0 per cent reduced viability of both probiotics (p = 0.014), either as free cells or as alginate-encapsulated forms. Practical implications Alginate beads containing probiotics is an interesting alternative for application in foods such as cooked meat products. Originality/value Alginate beads elaborated with milk powder, inulin and trehalose were effective to protect probiotics in stress situations similar to those can be found in the processing of foods, such as cooked meat products.