Electrochemical assessement of the therapeutic agent of dietary nitrite in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats based on Ni-Cu/nanotitania sensor

Abstract

Nitrite compounds are very important in many industrials that may cause some significant problems, but in more or less cases it has useful effect. Therefore, the present study was carried out to shed the light on the effect of nitrite on streptozotocin (STZ) inducing diabetic rats. In this study, thirty-two male Wister rats were distributed into four groups (n= 8 per group): Group (1) control group; Group (2) normal rats received NaNO2 30 mg/kg body weight; Group (3) diabetic group rats received 45 mg/kg STZ intraperitoneal (IP); Group (4) diabetic rats treated daily with NaNO2 for three months. Serum from each group was collected from rat's blood samples to measure aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Urea, and Creatinine. A self-assembled nanostructure titania (TiO2) based surface similar to honey cells was synthesized by a simple, fast, low-cost procedure using the 2D electrochemical cell at sequence potential from 5 V to 30 V for 2 h followed by annealed method at 350°C and 750°C for 3 h. A linear sweep voltammetry electrochemical method was used to deposit the Ni-Cu nanoparticles on titania surface providing a highly sensing platform of Ni-Cu/nanotitania array. Both the degree of sensing (46 µA mM−1) for the electrode were calculated through low detection range from 0.00 to 0.35 mM of glucose via cyclic voltammetry and amperometery techniques. By increasing the glucose concentration through the detection range from 0.4 to 2.5 mM the sensitivity increased to 248 µA mM−1. This significant change indicates that the sensitivity of the electrode is suitable for diabetes measurements. We reported for the first electrochemical sensor fabricated from Ni-Cu/nanotitania to detect glucose level in real urine samples and we used this level as a marker for the effect of nitrite present in the drinking water. The results showed that the presence of low concentration of sodium nitrite can enhance the liver and kidney functions in diabetic rats and also lead to the decrease of the glucose concentration in urine. Additionally, Ni-Cu/nanotitania sensor also has stability, profitable good reproducibility and applicability that guarantee its value in the medical applications as in the environmental applications that has been proven previously.