Sodium Monofluorophosphate Research Articles

Fluoride in dog parotid saliva after intravenous administration of sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, and calcium fluoride.

Sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, or calcium fluoride, in amounts equivalent to 0.5 mg/kg, were given intravenously to dogs and the effect on parotid saliva F was determined. Significant (P less than 0.01) differences in saliva F levels were related to the ionization of NaF, the hydrolysis of the PO3F ion, and the insolubility of CaF2.

Effect of fluoride on gingivitis and dental caries in a preventive program based on plaque control

The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the relative effect of fluoride on caries in a preventive program based on meticulous plaque control. The material consisted of 82 children; 41 in the test and 41 in the control group. At the start of the study the children were 13-14 years of age. In August 1973 an examination was performed to obtain baseline data for the trial. Prophylactic treatment was given to the children once every second week. A total of 18 treatments were given during a 10-month period. In the control group an abrasive paste was used containing 5% sodium monofluorophosphate (Jodka Fluor Polerpasta). In the test group an abrasive paste was used which was identical with the control paste except that it did not contain any fluoride components. Twelve months after the baseline examination the test and control groups were reexamined. The trial demonstrated that, in children, fortnightly professional cleaning of the teeth combined with meticulous toothbrushing instructions result in (1) a high standard of oral hygiene and (2) only very few new carious surfaces. Though the control group children received fortnightly topical application of F- during the prophylactic sessions and used a fluoridated dentifrice, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of new carious tooth surfaces per child per year.

A study on caries prevention effects of dentifrices containing sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium monofluorophosphate plus dextranase, and sodium monofluorophosphate plus sodium phosphate.

Schoolchildren were asked to use dentifrices containing three different agents for one year: the agents were sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium monofluorophosphate plus dextranase, and sodium monofluorophosphate plus sodium phosphate. The caries prevention effects of these dentifrices were studied. The group of children who used dentifrice containing 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate showed a 25.5% caries inhibition rate, and a statistically significant difference was observed in the rate of DF surfaces which increased during the test period in contrast to the control group. A significant difference was also found between the group of children who used dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate alone and another group of children who used dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate plus dextranase (15, 000 units/g dentifrice added to sodium monofluorophosphate). An addition of dextranase resulted in an increase of 16.8% in the rate of caries inhibition. Another group of children who used dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate to which 3% sodium phosphate was added showed a 4.6% higher caries inhibition rate than that shown in the group using dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate alone, but there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of increased DF surfaces between these two groups. Furthermore, the caries prevention effects by tooth type and tooth surface were also evaluated for these three kinds of dentifrice. Moreover, it was confirmed that a continuous use of these four dentifrices over the period of one year did not result in oral anomalies either subjectively nor objectively.

Uptake of fluoride by enamel from monofluorophosphate dentifrices.

The source of fluoride ions (F––) in sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) dentifrices and their importance in the fluoridation of enamel relative to MFP anions has been investigated. Commercial

Incorporation of fluoride in bones and teeth and dental fluorosis in mice after administration of complex fluorides

Adult mice were given solutions of sodium fluoride or complex fluorides, viz sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium difluorophosphate and ammonium hexafluoroaluminate, at daily doses of 150 μg F by stomach tube for 20 days. The F-content in the ash of the tibiae and incisor teeth was determined spectrophotometrically and only slight differences were found between the experimental groups treated with complex fluorides and the control group treated with sodium fluoride. Differences in the degree of fluorosis in incisor teeth, characterized histologically by the enamel persisting in an immature, acid-resistant stage, were more marked. Taking the occurrence of dental fluorosis in the control group as 100 per cent, then the occurrence in the groups treated with complex fluorides was found to be 77 per cent with monofluorophosphate, 26 per cent with difluorophosphate and 0 per cent with hexafluoroaluminate. The results show the advantage of the administration of complex fluorides as compared with NaF and suggest the possibility of using complex fluorides as effective agents in dental caries prevention in human populations.

Caries‐preventive effect of a dentifrice containing 2% sodium monofluorophosphate in a natural fluoride area in Denmark

abstract A 3‐year, unsupervised, toothbrushing study with a double‐blind, controlled design was conducted to evaluate the caries‐preventive effectiveness of a 2 % sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice among 1,407 7‐ to 12‐year‐old children residing in an optimal, natural fluoride (= 1.2–1.4 parts/106) area of Denmark. With the initial caries lesion as a differential, two levels of clinical caries diagnosis were applied in the quantitative evaluation of the effects. A comparison of the monofluorophosphate dentifrice with a null control dentifrice indicated that its use at home, coupled with regular motivation by home visitors, conferred about a 30 % reduction in dental caries increment over a 3‐year period, beyond those anticariogenic benefits assumed to have been provided by the waterborne fluoride.

各種リン酸ナトリウムとフッ化ナトリウムの反応によるモノフルオロリン酸ナトリウムの生成

各種リン酸ナトリウムとフッ化ナトリウムの反応によるモノフルオロリン酸ナトリウムの生成

Fluoride in human saliva after ingestion of aluminium chloride and sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate

Four fasting adults were given 5 mg of F as NaF or Na 2PO 3F without and with 3.5, 7.1 or 14.2 mg Al as AlCl 3. Each salt combination was administered in 1 ml aqueous solution, and swallowed in a gelatine capsule with 10 ml of water. Samples of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva, collected before and at short intervals over a period of 3 hr after the administration, were analysed for total and ionic F. After ingestion of F without Al, there was a rapid increase in salivary F, with peak levels of about 0.2 ppm attained after approximately 50 min. When F was ingested with Al, the rate of increase of salivary F was depressed, and peak levels were reduced. This effect was slight for 3.5 mg Al, somewhat greater for 7.1 mg, and marked for 14.2 mg. No Al was detected in the saliva by spectrographic analysis. Fluorine given as PO 3F 2− gave a slower rise in salivary F, and lower peak levels in 3 of 5 subjects than NaF, but the response to Al was similar. Only ionic F was detected in whole saliva and in samples of parotid saliva collected after ingestion of PO 3F 2−. It is concluded that Al interferes with gastrointestinal absorption of F by forming poorly absorbable Al-F complexes, and that PO 3F 2− is subjected to hydrolysis prior to absorption of F. The findings suggest that the Al normally present in food and beverages may affect gastrointestinal absorption of F.

Some Factors Affecting the Interaction of Hydroxyapatite with Sodium Monofluorophosphate

The reaction between hydroxyapatite and sodium monofluorophosphate has been studied under conditions pertinent to the use of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice. Salivary o -phos

Fluoride Uptake and Acid Solubility of Enamel Exposed to Carboxylate Cement Containing MFP

Sound enamel had a significantly higher fluoride content when it was in contact for 7 or 30 days with a carboxylate cement to which 2% or 10% concentrations of sodium monofluorophosphate were added. The solubility of the intact enamel also was reduced by contact with the cement that contained MFP. No significant reduction in enamel solubility was observed when the non-fluoride-containing carboxylate cement was used.

Absorption and utilization in the rat of calcium and fluoride from compatible compounds.

Absorption, blood levels and skeletal uptake of fluorine (F) and calcium (Ca) from combinations of sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) and calcium gluconate (CaGluc) were studied in rats under varying conditions. When Na2PO3F and CaGluc were ingested simultaneously in a ratio by weight F/Ca=1/50, absorption and skeletal uptake of F and Ca were parallel. This was partly due to the prolonged absorption of F under the influence of CaGluc. Hydrolysis of PO3F ions was weak in the stomach, nearly complete in the intestine and apparently complete in the blood plasma. Combined Na2PO3F-CaGluc ingestion gave a comparatively slow, moderate but prolonged elevation of the plasma F levels, while no influence on plasma Ca was found in normal rats. F and Ca absorption and skeletal uptake were increased in Ca-deficient rats and decreased in vitamin D2-intoxicated rats.

On a Study of Spin-Lattice Relaxation Times of 19F, 31P, 1H, and 2H in Solutions of PF6− and PO3F2− in D2O and H2O

The spin-lattice relaxation times of fluorine, phosphorus, protons, and deuterons in solutions of sodium hexafluorophosphate and sodium monofluorophosphate in water and deuterium oxide have been measured at 25 MHz by pulsed techniques over the temperature range 250–363°K. The fluorine and phosphorus spin-lattice relaxation times in both salt solutions have been found to be the sum of interactions due to spin-rotation and dipole-dipole contributions. The spin-rotation constants for fluorine and phosphorus in PF6− are 3.56 and 3.86 kHz, respectively. The spin-rotation constants for fluorine and phosphorus in PO3F2− are 23.6 and 21.4 kHz. Spin-rotation constants were also calculated from chemical shielding data. The results for the nearly spherical PF6− anion are in accord with rotation diffusion theory. The 31P relaxation data seem to indicate that the PF6− anion follows the J-diffusion model of McClung whereas the 19F relaxation data indicate that the M-diffusion model is followed. The reorientation correlation times of water and deuterium oxide molecules have also been determined for solutions containing PF6− and PO3F2− ions. These ions seem to affect the correlation times of the H2O and D2O molecules differently.

The reaction of monofluorophosphate with apatite.

The action of sodium monofluorophosphate on Syntheti chydroxyapatites has been studied using pure mono- syntheticfluorophosphate solutions.Monofluorophosphate-treated hydroxyapatite was less soluble in acid buffer than fluoride-treated mineral of similar fluorine content. During the reaction some orthophosphate was liberated from the solid and addition of orthophosphate to the monofluorophosphate inhibited subsequent uptake of fluorine by the hydroxyapatite. The FPO₃ anion was present in the treated hydroxyapatite and was shown to have replaced the hydrogen phosphate group of the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatites. In this way the capacity of a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite for uptake of monofluorophosphate was related to its HPO₄ content; i.e. its Ca:P molar ratio. Replacement of the acid phosphate groups of the hydroxyapatite, either by FPO₃ substitution or by thermal condensation to pyrophosphate reduced the isotopic exchange of orthophosphate by the mineral.

The effect of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium fluoride on bone immobilization in rats.

The effect of fluoride intake in rats as sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) on immobilization of the tibial bone was investigated. After 4 weeks of immobilization intact humeri and non-immobilized and immobilized tibiae were examined for bone thickness, specific gravity, citrate, ash, and calcium, phosphorus and fluoride contents. The results confirm previous findings that administration of fluoride increases the mineralization rate of bones and counteracts the decrease in bone thickness,ash content and specific gravity induced by immobilization, without changing the Ca/P ratio of the ash. The increase in bone thickness was more marked in the Na2PO3F treated rats, in spite of a lower fluoride incorporation. The citrate content was lower in the bones of the NaF-treated rats than in the Na2PO3F-treated and fluoride-free rats.

Controlled Clinical Comparison Between a Strontium Chloride and a Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste in Diminishing Root Hypersensitivity

Controlled Clinical Comparison Between a Strontium Chloride and a Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste in Diminishing Root Hypersensitivity

Effect of a Combination of Two Cariostatic Agents in Children: Two-Year Clinical Study of Supervised Brushing in Children’s Homes

In a two-year clinical study of dental caries conducted in six institutional homes for children, two experimental dentifrices were used. Slightly different combinations of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium n-lauroyl sarcosinate effected a statistically lower incidence of dental caries than the control toothpaste. The rates of incidence of dental caries were comparable for the children who used the two experimental dentifrices. In a two-year clinical study of dental caries conducted in six institutional homes for children, two experimental dentifrices were used. Slightly different combinations of sodium monofluorophosphate and sodium n-lauroyl sarcosinate effected a statistically lower incidence of dental caries than the control toothpaste. The rates of incidence of dental caries were comparable for the children who used the two experimental dentifrices.

An automated ion-exchange method for the determination of sodium monofluorophosphate in dentifrices

Sodium monofluorophosphate can be accurately analyzed in dental cream by an AutoAnalyzer method. The monofluorophosphate is separated from other phosphate species by gradient elution ion-exchange chromatography. The column effluent is fed to an AutoAnalyzer unit which continuously hydrolyzes the phosphates to orthophosphate and develops a color (molybdenum blue) proportional to the phosphate level. The method is useful for the analysis of large numbers of samples.

The effect of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice on the gingiva.

Prior to the start of the present investigation, 578 children in the 10–12 year age‐group in Ballerup‐Måløv municipality (a suburban area near Copenhagen) had participated in a 30‐months investigation of the caries‐inhibiting effect of a dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate. At the end of this 30‐month study, a group of 172 children, selected at random, were examined for incidence of plaque and gingivitis. At this point the supervised toothbrushing at school ceased, as did the supplying of dentifrice to the families. One year later (i.e. 42 months after the start of the basic experiment), the children were re‐examined.The results of the investigation led to the following conclusions: 1. The incidence of plaque and gingivitis was identical in the fluoride group and the control group at both first and second examination. This suggests that using a dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate ‐ up to three times a day ‐ for 30 months does not increase the incidence of plaque or gingivitis in children. 2. At the time of the second examination (1 year later) a significant increase in Plaque Index and Gingival Index scores occurred (P<0.05), presumable because the children now no longer brushed their teeth under supervision.

The presence of polyphosphates in solutions of sodium monofluorophosphate

The presence of polyphosphates in solutions of sodium monofluorophosphate

Some statistical aspects of a clinical study on dental caries in children

A significant reduction in caries increment was obtained from dentifrices containing 0.4 per cent stannous fluoride and 0.76 per cent sodium monofluorophosphate, compared to a placebo. The trial was conducted on children aged 12–14 yr over a test period of 2 yr and whole mouth recording was used (150 surfaces/subject). Subsequent analyses showed that partial recording of subjects may be utilized in such trials. Nine methods of partial recording were compared; the most promising involved the examination of 66 surfaces/subject on teeth 4, 5, 6 and 7 in each quadrant and the use of two radiographs/subject compared with four or five required by other methods. The efficiency of stratification and covariance was compared in this trial where some loss of subjects occurred. When the loss of complete replicates exceeded 5 per cent, the single classification analysis of covariance with initial DMFS as a covariate was more efficient than the randomized block analysis of complete replicates where the replicates were formed by stratifying for sex, school, examiner and initial DMFS. No evidence was obtained to suggest that carious lesions develop more slowly or remain stationary longer at a certain stage in the presence of fluorine. The proportion of lesions classified as “smooth decalcified” or “rough decalcified” which reverted to intact was similar in the three treatment groups. The number of errors and wrong diagnoses varied considerably in different parts of the mouth. The error rate, that is the number of errors, reversals, and wrong diagnoses/DMF surface at the final examination, varied from 5 per cent in teeth 4, 5, 6 and 7, to 10 per cent in teeth 1, 2 and 3. The distribution of the residuals of DMFS increment was not normal. However, with the large sample size used in this experiment, the effect of the operation of the Central Limit Theorem was sufficient to make transformation unnecessary.