Sod-podzolic Medium Loamy Soil Research Articles

Productivity and nutritional value of perennial cereal grasses in the Middle Cis-Urals

The purpose of the research was the assessment of feed productivity and nutritional value of 13 new varieties of meadow timothy, meadow fescue and awnless brome when cultivated for green mass in the Middle Cis-Urals. The research was carried out in 2018–2022 on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of the Udmurt Republic. Meteorological conditions of the growing seasons during the years of the research were different: 2018, 2021 and 2022 were arid (hydrothermal coefficient – 0.89, 0.78 and 0.91, respectively), 2020 – slightly arid (HTC – 1.04), 2019 – waterlogged (HTC – 1.73). The beginning of regrowth of the studied varieties of perennial cereal grasses was noted in the third ten days of April; the grass reached mowing ripeness in 44–60 days. The yield of meadow timothy varieties on average for three years of using the grass stand was at the level of 3.5–3.9 t/ha of dry weight, meadow fescue – 2.3–2.4 t/ha, awnless brome – 4.5–4.7 t/ha. The “year conditions” factor had a primary influence on the variation in yield, density and height of the grass stand – 92.4…97.4 %, 62.9…79.2, 80.3…82.6 %, respectively. The “genotype x year” factor also influenced the number of shoots and their height. Fescue varieties were distinguished by a relatively high content of crude fat (2.5–3.1 %), sugars (15.6–17.7 %), and calcium (0.31–0.36 %). High content of crude fat (2.3–2.6 %), phosphorus (0.68–0.71 %), potassium (2.45–2.52 %), calcium (0.31–0.39 %) noted in plant samples of awnless brome varieties. A positive strong correlation between the yield of dry mass of cereal grasses and the content of phosphorus (r = 0.87…0.96) and potassium (r = 0.69…0.85) in it was revealed. Some varieties of perennial cereal grasses were distinguished by their nutritional value: meadow timothy varieties Sleipnir (Finland), Aturo (Germany) and Tamiza (Germany) with a yield per 1 hectare of metabolic energy of 32.3–34.4 GJ, digestible protein – 0.14–0.16 tons, feed units – 2.41–2.60 thousand; meadow fescue variety Karpatchi (Netherlands) – 21.2 GJ, 0.09 tons, 1.57 thousand; awnless brome variety Gvardeets (Russia) – 35.7 GJ, 0.25 tons and 2.58 thousand, respectively. Cultivation of Karpatchi fescue, Sleipnir timothy and Gvardeets brome is energetically and economically profitable: energy efficiency coefficient – 1.9; 3.0 and 3.6, profitability level – 65; 101 and 161 %, respectively.

Effectiveness of Foliar Top Dressing of Flax with the Drug Controlit-Si on Different Backgrounds of Mineral Nutrition in the Conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem

The responsiveness of flax to mineral fertilizers and foliar top dressing with an aqueous solution of the drug Controlfit-Si on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was studied. It is shown that the reaction of flax to mineral fertilizers depended on the hydrothermal environmental conditions, doses and the ratio of nutrients. Excessive humidity and arid conditions negatively affected the productivity of crops. Foliar top dressing of plants with the drug Controlfit-Si leveled the negative impact of adverse weather conditions, increased the responsiveness of plants to mineral fertilizers, contributed to a more complete use of nutrients from fertilizers. On average, for 3 years on the backgrounds of full mineral fertilizer, top dressing increased the yield of flax straw by 25–30% with the best effect against the background of N48P48K48 (4.03 t/ha). Top dressing did not have a positive effect on the yield of flax seeds. It took 13.8 kg N, 5.9 kg P2O5 and 10.7 kg K2O to form 1 ton of flax crop with the appropriate amount of seeds, regardless of plant nutrition conditions.

Nutrient Diagnostics and Biochemical Indicators of Oat Grain Quality Predicted by Leaf Juice Amino Acid Concentration

In order to find out the relationship between the level of nitrogen nutrition of oat plants of the Yakov variety and the content of amino acids in leaf juice, as well as the possibility of using this indicator to assess the content and composition of proteins, the activity of amylases, catalases and peroxidases in ripe grain and the activity of theseenzymes in germinating grain, a field experiment was carried out at the Field Experimental Station of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. In the field experiment, variants with different levels of nitrogen nutrition of oat plants that had passed post-harvest ripening were tudied. Ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, and potassium chloride were applied in advance. As a result, it was found that as the level of nitrogen nutrition of plants increased, the concentration of amino acids in the juice of oat leaves at the stage of formation of the first stem node decreased, which was closely correlated with the nitrogen doses. These data indicate the possibility of using this indicator for the diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition in oat plants. The studies also revealed a reliable correlation between the content of amino acids in leaf juice and the concentration of proteins soluble in water and solutions of 10% KCl, 0.2% NaOH, as well as the activity of acid (pH 5.5), neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 8) isoenzymes of α-amylase and acid isoforms of β-amylase in ripe grain. In addition, the amino acid content of leaf juice was found to be significantly correlated with the activity of acidic α-amylase, acidic and neutral β-amylase in germinated grain. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of predicting the level of protein accumulation in oat grains. It is also possible to predict the protein composition, activity of α- and β-amylase, catalase, and peroxidase isoenzymes from the content of amino acids in leaf juice in the phase of the first stem node formation. A reliable correlation was also found for the activity of acid and neutral isoenzymes of α-amylase, catalase, and peroxidase in ripe and germinated oat grain.

Peculiarities of propagation of varietal admixture of oilseed flax in sparse crops of fiber flax in the conditions of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation

Relevance. In course of the varietal identification of fiber flax seeds lots produced in research institutions of the Russian Federation, plants atypical for the varieties tested were periodically identified. Their belonging to a mechanical varietal impurity (rogue) was confirmed, in some cases, by the results of the progeny check. The purpose of the work is to clarify the indicator of varietal purity of flax seeds of the categories «original seeds» (OS) and «elite seeds» (ES) in GOST R 52325-2005.Methods. Trials were carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the Tver region. The study objects included seeds and plants of brown seed fiber flax variety Antey (control) and yellow-seed variety of oilseed flax LM 98 (rogue). The area of the accounting plot is 1 m2. Seeding rates are from 5 to 12 million seeds per 1 ha (depending on reproduction).Results. It was found that varietal contamination of flax seeds with rogue in the amount of 0.2–1% did not affect the yield of flax products. In the process of seed reproduction in crops of the OS category, the content of impurity seeds increased by 0.1%, 0.2% and 1% with initial clogging — by 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.7% and 1%. In other variants, it remained at the level of the initial blockage. In the crops of the ES category, a significant increase in the amount of impurity seeds (from 0.5 to 0.9%) was noted, except for the variant with initial clogging (0.2%), where its content remained at the initial level. Based on the research results, it was proposed to reduce the varietal purity of flax seeds in GOST R 52325-2005 for the category «OS» to 99.7%, «ES» — to 99%.

Influence of Green and Mineral Fertilizers on Agrochemical Indicators of the Soil and the Yield of Flax Products in Crop Rotations with Short Rotation

In the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil with a high phosphorus content, 4-field crop rotations with short rotation, with the cultivation of long-leg flax, were studied. The results of changes in agrochemical indicators of the soil and an increase in the yield of flax products during the sowing of flax after new precursors, with the use of a green mass for fertilizing by sowing white mustard, taking into account the mineral fertilizers applied for crop rotation crops, are considered. The positive effect of biofungicide Sternifaga after harvesting barley on the yield of flax products was noted. It was established that the highest yield of flax seed was obtained after the predecessor of white mustard for green feed with sowing of white mustard for green fertilizer in the amount of 5.3 t/ha, flax seed – 1 t/ha, total and tattered flax fiber – 1.7 and 1.8 t/ha with high quality indicators of flax seed corresponding to number 2.5. It has been shown that with the help of the soil biofungicide Sternifaga (the active substance is the spores of the fungus Trichoderma harziannum VISR-18, titer 1010 CFU/g), intended for the decomposition of plant residues and the suppression of soil phytopathogens, it is possible to improve the soil. In the crop rotation, where the vico–oatmeal mixture was sown for green fodder with a lean sowing of white mustard for green fertilizer, the yield of trusts increased by 0.5 t/ha and amounted to 2.2 t/ha, total fiber – by 0.1, trepan – by 0.2 t/ha, the quality of trusts improved by 0.5 numbers, crop rotation productivity increased by 13% after the predecessor of barley using biofungicide compared to the crop rotation, where flax was sown repeatedly for 3 years in a row.

Эффективная удобрительная утилизация бесподстилочного навоза на сенокосах и пастбищах при сохранении плодородия почвы и обеспечении экологической безопасности (к 85-летию В.Г. Дикарева)

Large livestock farms and complexes accumulate large amounts of liquid manure of varying degrees of dilution with water — semi-liquid, liquid, manure effluents. The most effective method of utilization of liquid manure is its widespread use for fertilizing meadow grass stands. The effectiveness of the use of manure effluents depends on the doses and timing of their application, the type of soil, its mechanical composition. Viktor Grigoryevich Dikarev paid considerable attention to the issues of effective and environmentally safe use of various types of organic fertilizers, their combination with mineral fertilizers on reclaimed hayfields and pastures in his research. He is a Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, senior researcher at the Laboratory of Irrigated Meadow Farming and Lysimetric Research at the V.R. Williams Institute of Feed in 1976–2010. He studied various types of cattle manure, the timing of its application, its use as the main fertilizer and top dressing during the growing season of herbs, its various combinations with mineral fertilizers (according to the timing and doses of application). He also studied the leaching of nutrients from the soil, in order to achieve environmental safety of the methods used to intensify grassland farming. On the basis of long-term studies on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil with low potassium and high phosphorus, the highest productivity (116.1 centner/ha of dry matter) of grass with the dominance of the awnless brome was obtained when manure drains were applied at a dose of N300R60K200 at the rate of 1/3 for the first mowing in autumn and 1/3 for the second and third mowing during the vegetation of grasses. 30% N, 70% P2O5, 100% K2O were introduced with effluents. At the same time, the collection of crude protein was 16.1 centner/ha. 30% N, 70% P2O5, 100% K2O were introduced with effluents. At the same time, the collection of crude protein was 16.1 centner/ha.

Влияние минеральных удобрений на фоне последействия извести на продуктивность и свойства дерново-подзолистой почвы европейского Севера России

The studies on the efficiency of mineral fertilizers (N60P75K75) after introduction of two lime doses (1.0 and 2.0 of hydrolytic acidity value (h.a.)) were carried out during the stationary field experiment on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil started in 1983. The authors surveyed the aftereffect of two lime doses in pure form and with annual application of mineral fertilizers. The highest yield of legume-cereal grass mixtures was obtained in the case of lime 2.0 h.a. + NPK application and amounted to 6.9 t/ha dry matter (d.m.) in 2011, 6.4 t/ha d.m. in 2021 against the control values of 3.0 and 2.4 t/ha d.m., respectively. The content of dry matter was 21.4 %, crude protein - 12.7%. The nitrate content did not exceed the maximum allowable concentration. Lime and NPK positively affecedt the agrochemical soil properties. The humus content was 2.0 %, pHKCl – 4.8 pH units, P2O5 – 208 and K2O – 140 mg/kg soil in 2021.

The influence of the seeding rate on the yield of flax of the Phoenix variety in the conditions of the Smolensk region

The article presents the results of scientific research for 2018-2020 to identify the reaction of the flax Phoenix variety (Linum usitatissimum L.) to increasing seeding rates. The experiment was laid on the sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of a separate subdivision of the Smolensk Research Institute of the Federal State Budget Research Institution «Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops». It was found out that with an increase in the seeding rate, there was an increase in the number of flax stalks per 1 m2. However, the number of boxes per plant and seeds per box decreased by almost 1.2–1.6 times. The greatest resistance of flax plants to lodging (5.0 points) was obtained at seeding rates of 16, 18 and 20 million units/ha. Further, with an increase in the seeding rate, the studied indicator decreased to 3.8 points. The increase in the seeding rate was accompanied by a decrease in the yield of flax seeds by 0.35 t/ha (or 41%) and an increase in the yield of flax - by 1.91 t/ha (or 34%). Optimal in terms of flax fiber content and its yield were variants with a seeding rate of 22 and 24 million germinating seeds per 1 ha. The fiber content in plants in these variants was 28.0–27.4%, its yield was 20.0-20.7%.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ БИОПРЕПАРАТА «ОRGANITN» НА АДАПТИВНОСТЬ И ПРО-ДУКТИВНОСТЬ КАРТОФЕЛЯ СОРТА «РЕГГИ» В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДКАМЬЯ РТ

The results of the effectiveness of the preparation "OrganitN" containing live bacteria of the genus Azospirillum zeae on yield and starch index are presented. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, agrochemical indicators: humus content – 4.2%, pHKCl = 6.6; P2O5 – 1028 mg/kg; K2O-377 mg/kg. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: 1) control; 2) "OrganitN" consumption rate of 5L /ha, pre-sowing treatment by soaking tubers; 3) "OrganitN consumption rate of 5L/ha without pre-soaking tubers, irrigation method. Pre-sowing treatment of potato tubers of the "Reggie" variety with the drug has a positive effect on potato growth. The greatest effect of the preparation "OrganitN" according to the results of harvesting potatoes of the variety "Reggi", a reliable increase in yield (16.4%) was obtained in option 2 with a consumption rate of 5 liters / ha, by soaking tubers, the yield was 21.7 t / ha, the method of watering without soaking was less effective. Soaking tubers gives a more stable connection between bacteria and the rhizosphere of the plant. The presence of a more extensive number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria led to a high content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil (190 mg/kg) compared to the control (136 mg/kg) and improved the nutritional regime of the soil. The activity of nitrogen fixers prolongs the growing season and affects the growth and formation of tubers. The use of the drug by soaking the seed material increased the yield of potatoes, also contributed to an increase in the number of tubers from one bush. Starch indicators are not increased. The use of bacteria in the agricultural sector will contribute to the improvement of the soil, increase the soil biota, achieve and create a quorum between them for joint action and the accumulation of soil organic matter

Productivity and quality of flax in the application of mineral fertilizers and folk fertilization of plants with the preparation Controlfit

Studies to assess the effect of foliar top dressing of flax with a silicon-containing preparation Controlfit were conducted on different backgrounds of mineral fertilizers in conditions of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. The experiment was carried out in 2019-2021 on the field of a Separate subdivision of the Smolensk Research Institute of the Federal State Budget Research Institution – Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops. The object of the study was a new variety of flax Phoenix, bred by Smolensk breeders. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the yield of flax varied greatly over the years of the study, depending on weather conditions. On average, over 3 years of research, the highest yield of flax seeds was obtained on the variant with the maximum dose of mineral fertilizers N48P48K48 and amounted to 6.4 c/ha (83% of the control). Foliar top dressing with Controlfit did not change or even reduced the yield of flax seeds, as it led to the production of lighter seeds and fewer boxes on plants. The combined use of mineral fertilizers increased the yield of flax by 27-66%. The treatment of flax plants with the preparation Controlfit additionally increased the yield of straw by 31%. The effect of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the formation of long flax fiber, increasing its yield by 1.2 times relative to the control without fertilizers. Additional treatment of plants with Controlfit increased this indicator by 10-11%. The strength of flax fiber threads increased by 16% with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers and by 23% with the use of foliar fertilizing.

RESULTS OF THE USE OF BIOPREPARATIONS AND BIOFERTILIZERS WHEN GROWING POTATOES ON SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

The research results on the use of biopreparations of Bitoxybacillin, P 3.0 kg/ha and Xantrel, L 5.0 l/ha against the Colorado beetle on potato crops are presented: the biological effect on the 3rd day was 55.2–64.0 % and 42.9–55.1 %, on the 7th day it was 82.5–88.6 % and 75.5–80.3 %, on the 10th day 79.1–82.8 % and 70.7–75.4 %, on the 14th day it was 75.3–77.3 % and 69.5–74.6 % respectively. When growing potatoes on sodpodzolic medium-loamy soil using ecologically friendly technologies (biofertilizers – zeolite, slurry from the milk processing, cattle manure; biopreparations – Xantrel, L and Bitoxybacillin, P), the yield by varieties was: Pershatsvet 32.4–38.8 t/ha, Nara 28.9–32.8, Rubin 30.4–35.8, commercial yield, respectively, was 31.5–37.6 t/ha, 27.4–31.9 and 28.6–35.1 t/ha.

Results of testing of promising potato hybrids in the conditions of the Central region of the non-chernozem zone of Russia

The aim of the work was to study 10 potato hybrids of the joint selection of the Russian Potato Research Center and the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops in terms of yield, marketability, starch content and taste to determine the adaptive potential in the conditions of the Central Region of Russia. The studies were conducted in 2017-2019 in the breeding nursery of the main test on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the conditions of the Central Region. The highest yield of 42.1 - 52.0 t/ha was characterized by hybrids of the middle-early maturity group. However, this group also had the highest coefficient of variation for the studied trait, 26.8-31.6%, which indicates an unstable yield of hybrids of this group of ripeness in the studied years. The yield of the middle-late maturity group hybrids was 29.2-45.0 t/ha with the lowest coefficient of variation of 1.9 - 4.4% in the BP808 x 88.34/14 and Prince x Russian Souvenir hybrids, respectively. This indicates a slight variation in the yield of the studied hybrids. The greatest number of tubers 10.6 - 12.3 pcs./bush was observed in hybrids of the middle-early group of ripeness Inessa x 2651-8. In the middle-maturing group, the maximum number of tubers under the bush of 14.8-16.8 pcs./bush was observed in the hybrid 2387-26 x Aurora. The marketability of tubers in general in most hybrids was in the range of 87.7-96.9%, the coefficient of variation was low 0.1 - 3.8%, which indicates a stable marketability in the studied years. The average weight of a commercial tuber of hybrids varied in the range of 83.5 - 109.2 g. The starch content in most of the studied hybrids was within the average values and amounted to 13.9-17.7%. For three years, the percentage of starch content in all hybrids was stable, which is explained by a low coefficient of variation of 0.6 - 5.9%. The taste qualities of the hybrids were good and varied within 4.4 - 4.7 points with a low coefficient of variation (2.1-4.5%).

Evaluation of the range of fertilizers and methods of their application for a new variety of fiber flax Universal

Relevance. The productivity and especially the quality of flax products largely depend on a set of technological techniques that take into account varietal characteristics, agrochemical properties of the soil and the fertilizers used. Identification of the reaction to the production process of a new high-yielding flax variety of Universal is an important element of agricultural technology.Methods. The sod-podzolic medium loamy soil is characterized by a slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution pHKCl-5.44, a very high content of phosphorus (298 mg/kg) and medium potassium (85 mg/kg), low humus — 2.05%, medium boron (0.33 mg/kg), low zinc (0.56 mg/kg). The HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) for May — August by year was — 1.56 optimal (2017), — 1.09 arid (2018), — 1.80 wet(2019).Results. Studies have shown that the Universal flax variety has a high responsiveness to the use of fertilizers. The yield increases were: for flax straw 24 to 43%, for flax seeds from 27 to 49%, depending on the form of fertilizer and the method of their application. The advantage of the complex organomineral OMU “Universal” and mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium with boron containing trace elements over the azofoska in equalized doses of nitrogen is noted. The increase in the yield of the flax stock of these fertilizers with the row method of application was lower by 40 and 34% of their main application, but the profitability of this method increased from 46 to 234% and from 62 to 219%. The application of organic fertilizer Sivid — Bor for seed treatment and Sivid-Zinc for crop processing on the background of reducing the dose of azofoski from 1.5 to 1.0 c/ha allowed to raise close to making azofoski of 1.5 c/ha, but with a greater profitability of 115%.

Evaluation of the range of fertilizers and methods of their application for a new variety of fiber flax Universal

Relevance. The productivity and especially the quality of flax products largely depend on a set of technological techniques that take into account varietal characteristics, agrochemical properties of the soil and the fertilizers used. Identification of the reaction to the production process of a new high-yielding flax variety of Universal is an important element of agricultural technology.Methods. The sod-podzolic medium loamy soil is characterized by a slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution pHKCl-5.44, a very high content of phosphorus (298 mg/kg) and medium potassium (85 mg/kg), low humus — 2.05%, medium boron (0.33 mg/kg), low zinc (0.56 mg/kg). The HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) for May — August by year was — 1.56 optimal (2017), — 1.09 arid (2018), — 1.80 wet(2019).Results. Studies have shown that the Universal flax variety has a high responsiveness to the use of fertilizers. The yield increases were: for flax straw 24 to 43%, for flax seeds from 27 to 49%, depending on the form of fertilizer and the method of their application. The advantage of the complex organomineral OMU “Universal” and mineral nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium with boron containing trace elements over the azofoska in equalized doses of nitrogen is noted. The increase in the yield of the flax stock of thesefertilizers with the row method of application was lower by 40 and 34% of their main application, but the profitability of this method increased from 46 to 234% and from 62 to 219%. The application of organic fertilizer Sivid — Bor for seed treatment and Sivid-Zinc for crop processing on the background of reducing the dose of azofoski from 1.5 to 1.0 c/ha allowed to raise close to making azofoski of 1.5 c/ha, but with a greater profitability of 115%.

Impact of weather conditions and sowing method on seed performance of meadow clover in the Middle Urals

Seed production of perennial leguminous herbs, including meadow clover (Trifolium praténse), is complicated due to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. In Middle Urals, only two to three years out of ten are favorable for seed production. Estimation of influence of the hydrothermal regime of the growing season and the sowing method has been carried out in the experimental crop rotation of the Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, UdmFRC Ural Branch of the RAS with the seed grass stand of meadow diploid clover varieties Pelican and Trio, tetraploid variety Kudesnik It has been revealed that seed productivity of meadow clover on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was more dependent on the prevailing hydrothermal regimes of vegetation periods, as well as on the variety’s ploidy. A relatively high seeds yield of the Pelican variety (2n) 444-593 kg/ha and Kudesnik variety (4n) 101-116 kg/ha was formed under conditions of insufficient and optimal moisture supply of the vegetation period with a hydrothermal coefficient of 0.67-1.41. With increase in hydrothermal coefficient p to 1.56-1.69, the seeds yield of the Trio variety (2n) decreased to 251-328 kg/ha, of the Kudesnik variety (4n) - to 77-91 kg/ha. Under the same conditions, according to the hydrothermal regime of vegetation, the Kudesnik clover variety formed a relatively larger number of stems and heads, however, the heads productivity was significantly inferior to diploid varieties, which ultimately affected its seed productivity. Sowing diploid varieties of meadow clover Pelican and Trio in the usual ordinary way (15 cm), tetraploid variety Kudesnik in a wide-row way (30 cm) allowed increasing seeds yield and thereby neutralizing the negative impact of weather factors. Sstudy of the seed formation features of meadow clover varieties differing in ploidy in contrasting agrometeorological conditions may be of interest in developing methods for optimizing their seed productivity.

Influence of presowing seed treatment on the yield of variegated alfalfa and eastern galega

The article deals with the insufficiently studied problem of variegated alfalfa and eastern galega presowing seed treatment, which can serve as an excellent reserve for increasing their forage productivity. The quality of the seeds determines the stand density of perennial grasses and their yield. The studies have been performed on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. The authors studied the effect of molybdenum-acid ammonium (300 gm/t), Rhizotorphine bacterial preparation (for variegated alfalfa – 0.5 l/t, for eastern galega – 1.0 l/t), HB-101 plant growth regulator (1 ml/t), and Agree's Forsage complex fertilizer (1.2 l/t) upon cultivating the studied crops. The consumption rate of the working solution (water + preparation) was 10 litres per ton of seeds. The accounting plot area was 33 m2. Perennial legumes were sown after spring rapeseed; the seeding rate for variegated alfalfa was 14 kg/ha, for eastern galega – 26 kg/ha. It has been found that introducing seed treatment with the Agree's Forsage complex fertilizer increases productivity by 23–47% due to increasing the field germination of variegated alfalfa by 10–15% and eastern galega by 4–10%, and due to increasing the number of nodule bacteria by 6–13 per plant and 8–16 per plant respectively.

ДИАГНОСТИКА АЗОТНОГО ПИТАНИЯ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА ЗЛАКОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПО КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ АМИНОКИСЛОТ В СОКЕ ЛИСТЬЕВ

Field experiments with soft wheat and malting barley, conducted on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil showed that under the influence of increasing rates of nitrogen nutrition in the leaf juice in the first stem node phase, the concentration of amino acids decreases. This fact is confirmed by high correlation coefficients. There is also a close correlation between the concentration of amino acids in the leaf juice, plant productivity and grain quality indicators. Wheat showed a close negative correlation of the concentration of amino acids in the leaf juice with the weight of 1000 grains, the total content of proteins and gluten in the grain, as well as gliadin and glutenin proteins, and a close positive correlation with the content of water-soluble, non-extractable proteins in the grain and the activity of proteases. The concentration of amino acids in the malting barley leaf juice was negatively correlated with the total content of proteins in the grain, the amount of gordeins, the total activity of amylases, and positively correlated with the test value indicators, grain extractivity, and the content of water-soluble proteins in the grain. The research results indicate that the concentration of amino acids in the leaf juice in the first stem node phase provides for a fairly accurate diagnoctics of nitrogen nutrition and prediction of the quality of soft wheat and malting barley grains.

Influence of abiotic factors on spring oat yields in the Northern region of Russian Federation

Field experiments were carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil, typical for the Northern region of the Russian Federation, in 2012-2019. The dependence of spring oat yields on abiotic conditions was studied. During the research years, the weather conditions varied significantly, which affected the productivity of spring oat. The yield of spring oat grain was found to have a very weak correlation with the effective temperature sum, weak correlation - with the total precipitation, and negative correlation - with the mean air temperature, which indicates the possibility of seed production of this crop in the Northern region of the Russian Federation. According to the data obtained, grain yields varied significantly from year to year. The reasons for the decline in grain productivity in individual years were different and complex. The most plastic cultivars with high productivity were identified.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОЗ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ, СРОКОВ И СХЕМ ПОСАДКИ НА ВЫХОД СЕМЕННОГО И ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО КАРТОФЕЛЯ НОВЫХ СОРТОВ ЗАБАВА И СМОЛЯНОЧКА

The article presents data on the study of influence of planting dates, planting schemes and doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of yield of seed and product fractions of potato varieties of Smolensk selection Zabava and Smolyanochka. he research was carried out on the basis of FSBSI FSC LK (former FSBSI Smolensk GOSHOZ) on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. Observations of the growth and development of potato plants in the studied varieties showed that the maximum number of stems was observed with the placement scheme of 70x25 cm against the background of mineral fertilizers N60P72K90. For the Zabava variety, the optimal planting time was May, 8, for the Smolyanochka variety-May, 14. In General, the Zabava variety had a higher stem-forming ability. The maximum yield of both varieties was obtained on a mineral ground N60Р72К90. The highest yield of tubers of seed fraction was noted at 70x25cm scheme and the planting date of May, 14. The maximum yield of food potatoes in the Zabava variety was obtained when the planting date was May, 8, and in the Smolyanochka variety-May, 14. It was established that the variety Zabava, regardless of plantig time, was affected by tubers with scab and foot rot. In the Smolyanochka variety, only scab was observed from diseases.

БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ СУХОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА НАДЗЕМНОЙ БИОМАССЫ И СЕМЯН РАПСА

The aim of the study was to analyze the biochemical composition of dry matter of aboveground biomass and seeds of Akkord spring rape to determine their value when used for feed. Rape was grown in 2016–2019 on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil of middle Urals with a humus content of 1.96 ... 2.25%, mobile phosphorus and potassium 166 ... 268 and 175 ... 273 mg/kg, respectively, рНKCl - 5.4 ... 5.7. The meteorological conditions of the growing season in 2016 were characterized as moderately arid and insufficiently wet (GTC - 0.51 ... 0.73), 2017 - moderately warm and humid (GTK - 1.94 ... 2.36), 2018 - optimal moist (GTK - 1.10 ... 1.70). We analyzed samples of dry matter of the aboveground biomass harvested during the budding period – beginning of flowering, as well as seeds in the phase of full ripeness. The concentration of most of the 70 evaluated chemical elements in seeds, with the exception of magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, bromine, was lower than in the aboveground biomass. Of the regulated elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Xn, Fe, Sb, Se, Ni, Cr, Mo, Co) in the dry matter of green mass and seeds used for animal feed, the minimum permissible concentration did not exceed the established norms for all elements. The content of crude protein (22.8%), feed units (1.36 per 1 kg), metabolizable energy (13.0 MJ/kg) in rape seeds exceeded the values of these indicators in the dry matter of aboveground biomass –11.2%; 0.75 feed units and 9.6 MJ, respectively. The amino acid content also tended to increase in the seeds compared to the dry matter content of green mass: the total content of 13 amino acids was 14.14% and 6.40%. The removal of nitrogen from 1 ton of dry matter of aboveground biomass and rapeseed was, respectively, 30.9 and 58.2 kg, phosphorus - 6.5 and 25.5 kg, potassium - 22.0 and 40.5 kg