Sociological Point Of View Research Articles

Beyond resilience? A comparative sociological analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on five European health care systems

Background The article questions the popularity of resilience as a concept and its application to health care systems as a main lens for understanding the impact the COVID-19 pandemic on them. Methods It develops a sociological definition following a thorough examination of the various proposed meanings for the term. Subsequently, it proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the vulnerability and sustainability of health care systems as a more comprehensive tool that moves beyond the limitations of resilience. This framework is then applied to evaluate its heuristic value in assessing the resilience strategies adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in five European countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), considered as problematic ‘sentinel cases’ within their health macro-regions. Adopting the six variables provided by the COVID-19 Health Systems Response Monitor of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, a detailed comparative analysis is conducted. This analysis explores the resilience strategies of these countries in terms of the vulnerability outputs they produced and their consequent effects on the sustainability of their health care systems. Results The results show that the resilience strategies adopted during the pandemic were shaped by the different configurations of health care systems and policy decisions regarding resource mobilization. As such, these strategies produced various vulnerability outputs, resulting in different degrees of risk distribution and sustainability. Conclusions These results are pertinent for understanding that what matters from a sociological point of view is not simply how different health care systems cope with external shocks like a pandemic to retain control over their structure and functions (resilience), but the social consequences produced by their strategies.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING A THEORETICAL COMMUNICATIVE MODEL TO OVERCOME A CRISIS IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF BUILDING A COMMUNICATIVE FIELD DURING A CRISIS: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE

The relevance of effective communication during crisis situations cannot be overestimated, as it determines society’s ability to respond to challenges and maintain stability. The importance of communication and communication technologies from a sociological point of view lies in their influence on social cohesion, mobilization of resources and maintenance of social order.The article considers the correspondence of the components of the model of communication strategies in crisis situations in practice, in particular during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic and during the war in Ukraine, with the theoretical structural components of communication models. Theoretical models of crisis communication, such as SCCT (Situational Crisis Communication Theory), identify key principles that ensure effective communication: transparency, timeliness, credibility, consistency and empathy.This study analyzes how these theoretical principles are applied in practice in the conditions of war in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to communication strategies used by the Ukrainian government. Addressing the nation, informing the public through social media and international support campaigns are seen as key elements of successful communication.The analysis of cases made it possible to determine the correspondence of theoretical models to practical actions, confirmed the universality of the SCCT model, and also made it possible to formulate recommendations for further research on related topics. The results of the study confirm the importance of including each of the aspects for a successful exit from the crisis, as well as maintaining a stable situation in the communicative space of society during the crisis. Thus, the study emphasizes that effective communication not only contributes to the prompt resolution of crisis situations, but also ensures social cohesion and support of the nation’s morale in the face of challenges.

The Value of Love in a sociological Point of View

Love as an accepted value in the community is reflected in the importance of being together and conserving society and family, because of its importance, it is continually studied by researchers and sociologists, due to the sociologists focus on an important regard of society, which is the family, the family, like any of the important systems of society, has undergone changes due to changes in social life and the rise of technology and family, like each significant social system of society that has faced changes due to the development of social life and the emergence of technology, and the role and status of the family has been included in this changes, so family also faced change, and this has led sociologists to say that the changes that have affected family relations, especially the relationships between spouses, have gone towards materialism and fading, and love has not been far from it as a feeling, and therefore domestic violence in the family has currently increased and more common than ever before.

تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی جزاهای بدیل حبس در حقوق کیفری افغانستان

Imprisonment is one of the criminal reactions, which is applied to establishment of social order and ensure justice. Alternative punishments of imprisonment were proposed as a result of the emergence of critical criminology theories in the 19th century and de-imprisonment theories. According to the theories of the abolitionist schools, the movements of de-imprisonment and international documents, the Afghan legislator has determined the alternative punishments of imprisonment as the main punishment in 2016. The novelty of the alternative punishment of imprisonment as the main punishment in the penal code and how it matches with the prevailing culture needs a research in this regard. The purpose of the research is to study the alternative punishments of imprisonment, its function in reforming the criminal and how it is accepted as a social phenomenon in the Afghan society. The question is, what is the function of alternative prison sentences from a sociological point of view? What is the feedback of alternative prison sentences in correction and rehabilitation of criminals? This research has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, using a library tool to collect data, in the criminal law of Afghanistan. The findings of the research are; The legislator has determined the alternative punishments of imprisonment for the first time in its modern form as the main punishment. As far as the alternative punishments of imprisonment have been implemented in the society, according to the punishment of imprisonment, it has played more effective roles in the part of reformingthe criminal. Chnging imprisonment to an alternative punishment during punishment shows the flexibility of the legislator regarding the criminals in order to provide the basis for their reformation. However, lack of strict monitoring of its implementation, lack of necessary tools and equipment for electronic monitoring, and lack of culturalizaion among judges to determine alternative punishments to imprisonment are among the problems in its implementation.

Praktik Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Perspektif Sosiologi Korupsi

This article aims to identify the phenomenon of the practice of criminal acts of gratification in administrative services using a fraud theory perspective, as well as to analyze the factors that support the development of legal culture around this practice in society. Corruption in Indonesia is a serious problem that is widespread in society. From a sociological point of view, corruption is seen as a widespread social phenomenon because of its significant impact on various aspects of life. One common example of a criminal act of corruption is the practice of gratification, where individuals provide gifts or gifts with a specific purpose. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method, where the process includes comprehensive collection, analysis and interpretation of visual data narratives. The aim is to obtain a deep, comprehensive and thorough understanding of the culture of gratification practices in society from the perspective of sociological studies of corruption. The analysis of this article shows that the practice of giving gifts occurs because the person who does it feels pressure, opportunity, and reason to do so in an administrative service situation. In addition, there is also a phenomenon in society where giving gifts is considered a normal and accepted way to express gratitude to those who provide assistance.

The phenomenon of early school leaving in Romania and strategies for reducing it

From a sociological point of view, by the term ‘school drop-out’ we refer to the calculation of irregular exits from the education system, i.e. summing up the various indicators of a bumpy ride: withdrawals, drop-outs, failures, repeats, delays, educational debts. Sociologically, therefore, school dropout is a phenomenon that encompasses everything that is lost during the evaluation of the learning process. However, not all pupils but only a part run the risk of dispersal because schools operate a social selection function, distinguishing pupils on the basis of evaluation criteria for school success, which in turn is influenced by factors that are not biological but social, both ascribed such as socio-economic status and the cultural background of the family of origin, and acquired such as motivation, interests, degree of independence.

Parents’ age and total fertility rate in selected high-income countries from Europe and North America, 1990–2020

ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive picture of trends in parents’ age and total fertility rate in selected most populous high-income countries from Europe and North America. Study designData were retrieved from official statistics published by the United Nations, the World Bank, the European Union (EU), and by national health statistics offices. ResultsMean maternal age at birth showed increasing trends in all considered countries; in 2020, the highest mean age was observed in Italy (32.2) and Spain (32.3), and the lowest one in the USA (28.8). Mean maternal age at first birth also showed upward trends. In the 1990s, mean age at first birth ranged from 25.5 to 26.9 years, except for the USA where it was below 25 years. The countries with the highest average maternal age at first birth were Italy and Spain, reaching 31 years over the most recent years. Data on mean paternal age at birth were scant. In Germany (2019) it was 34.6 and in the USA (2014) 27.9 years. In Italy, mean paternal age increased from 34.2 in 2000 to 35.5 in 2018, in the UK from 30.7 in 1990 to 33.4 in 2017, and in Canada, a decrease was observed from 29.1 in 2006 to 28.3 in 2011. Finally, Sweden and the USA had the highest fertility rates, around two children in some years, while Italy and Spain had the lowest ones, with less than 1.5 children over the whole period. ConclusionsMonitoring of trends in reproductive factors is crucial to gain insight into society from a cultural and sociological point of view and to analyze the impact of these changes on reproductive health and related conditions.

What Liquid Modern Loves in the TV Series Avrupa Yakası Make Us Consider from the Viewpoint of Bauman's Sociology

What Liquid Modern Loves in the TV Series Avrupa Yakası Make Us Consider from the Viewpoint of Bauman's Sociology

The sociological approach to vasectomized patient trajectories at the Buenos Aires University Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín"

According to the Argentinian Ministry of Health records the number of patients requesting vasectomy increased twelve times in public hospitals in 2015-2019. The physicians and specialists account for this change in recent years, arguing, among other reasons, cultural change when male assumes active position in contraceptive methods. The article addresses vasectomized patient trajectory at the Buenos Aires University Clinical Hospital "José de San Martín". The purpose of the study was to define from sociological point of view if we are actually witnessing cultural change. While considering last ten years (2012-2022), through diachronic analysis of patient demand at the Male Fertility Laboratory (n=1136) it was found that although main motivation is fertility, minority (6%) consulting to confirm absence of sperm in the ejaculate following vasectomy increased significantly in 2022 (Pearson's chi-squared test p<0.0001). After qualitative/quantitative interviews of former patient group (n=36) two sub-populations were distinguished: childless (42%; Median age: 30 years old; range: 24-35) and those having a family (58%; Median age: 39 years old; range: 35-54). Most of them had University degree (67%) and learned about this anti-contraceptive method by the Internet. It is remarkable that 94% of them were not aware of the the Argentinian Law № 236139 of 2006 that grants their right to vasectomy. Among all patients randomly interviewed in 2022 (n=200) condom anti-contraceptive method was the best known (67%). The conclusion was made that in the meantime developed New Trend that comprises high educational level segment of population of Argentina that in the future can become the germ of Cultural Change encompassing the whole society.

The Influence of Music Genres on Fashion Styles; a Cross-Culture Analysis on Youngsters

Abstract: This study roots into the complex relationship between music and fashion, aiming to reveal the significant impact of music on the continually changing fashion industry. It has long been acknowledged that music, as a potent cultural force, can influence social conventions, feelings, and manifestations. In a similar vein, fashion conveys identity, culture, and inventiveness through its visual language. This research attempts to clarify the mutually beneficial link between these two artistic mediums by investigating the ways in which music both actively influences and reflects fashion trends over time. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach, tracing the dynamic relationships between music and fashion through historical investigations, cultural studies, and sociological viewpoints. We examine how genres and subcultures make a lasting impression on fashion choices through case studies that range from the rebellious styles of the 1950s rock 'n' roll era to the avant-garde fusions of modern pop and hip-hop influences. The study looks at how celebrities, from present influencers like Rihanna to historical icons like Elvis Presley, become fashion trendsetters and change agents. The research also explores the psychological and emotional aspects of this link, looking at how design decisions, colour schemes, and even the general public's definition of beauty are influenced by the beat, lyrics, and spirit of music. The goal of the paper is to present a thorough understanding of the mutual effect between music and fashion, illuminating the processes by which cultural change is manifested visually. In summary, this study adds to the expanding literature of research examining the relationship between fashion and music, providing insights into the processes that influence fashion and stimulate innovation. Comprehending this mutually beneficial association enhances our admiration for both artis

MUSIC PROJECT ACTIVITY: TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTUAL ASPECT

The author of the article offers definition of the terms «projecting», «project» and «project activity». The work highlights approaches to understanding musical project activity from the psychological, sociological, cultural, and art history point of view, from a management perspective. The evolution and possible reasons for the implementation of the project approach in the field of musical art have been considered. The definition of the concept of «music project activity» has been proposed from the standpoint of a system, personal and acmeological approach, considering in the context of the creative process of the artist, the creative environment, interaction with the audience and cooperation with other artists and specialists. The author proposes to consider musical project activity as an integrated creative activity aimed at the implementation of the specific idea, concept or task in the musical context, which includes the phases of planning, organizing and implementing various musical initiatives with the aim of creating high-quality musical products or achieving specific musical goals. Examples of art projects are given, such as: «The Rain Room», «House of Eternal Return», «Kinetic Rain» and «Cloud Gate». The impact of the project approach on the implementation of artists’ ideas and the emergence of new innovations and experiments in the world of music has been studied. The possibility of scientific research regarding the interaction of musical project activity with conducting performance and its influence on modern musical culture and art has been revealed.

Bullying in School Environments

The research problem is expressed in the multifaceted question of the complexity meaning and manifestation of bullying in schools. The main research findings of the paper are the behaviors or actions that determine the most common forms of bullying behaviors in schools. In addition, this research enables us to obtain relevant knowledge about bullying with the help of scientific methods such as theoretical research of a qualitative nature, and the qualitative method of document content analysis which is mainly applied as one of the methods of data collection. This paper contributes from a criminological, victimological, sociological, and psychological point of view, which are engaged in preventing the appearance of bullying in schools as a negative and untreated phenomenon not only in us but also internationally.

Educational mismatch, labor market completeness, and gender: Evidence from Chile

This paper examines educational mismatch in Chile, a stable developing economy in Latin America, through the lens of incomplete markets. I offer three significant contributions to the field. Firstly, I develop a theoretical framework rooted in the job competition model and incomplete markets theory, placing educational mismatch in a historical context. This perspective broadens the discourse beyond conventional economic and sociological viewpoints, considering factors like the timing of higher education. Secondly, I explore the connection between educational mismatch's impact on wages and labor market discrimination, particularly gender-based disparities. This sheds light on how female workers are affected by educational mismatch. Lastly, I address methodological concerns by utilizing longitudinal data to refine our analysis, responding to critiques about using cross-sectional data to estimate educational mismatch. This study enhances the understanding of educational mismatch, offering insights specific to Chile's developing economy and contributing to a more comprehensive view of this issue in emerging economies.

The Historical Novel: Past, Reality and Future from Interpretation to Sociological Analysis

ABSTRACT: The article constitutes a study in the sociology of literature. It proposes a reflection on the communicative value of a historical novel and discusses several levels of interpretation in works that belong to this genre. The main issue discussed here is the possibility of treating Western literary works about the past as an element of the discourse on the present state of culture, the condition of Western civilization, and possible prospects for the future. What constitutes an integral part of the text is also a sample of sociological interpretation of the novel The Name of the Rose by Umberto Eco. “A sample,” because the elements of the analysis of this well-known work presented here are a suggestion on how one could, perchance, examine a literary work from a sociological point of view, using sources external to the novel.

Justice Derailed: Navigating the Turbulent Waters of Pakistan’s Judiciary through the Ages

The judicial system in Pakistan has a rich historical evolution spanning over a millennium, including significant epochs like the Hindu era, Muslim period, British colonial rule, and post-independence developments. The objective of this paper is to understand the complexity and shortcomings that have defined Pakistan's legal system by comprehensive and critical analysis of the country's judicial history. With a focus on Pakistan's early years of independence, it sheds light on the difficulties to build judicial independence and a strong legal framework by delving into the historical growth of the judiciary and drawing inspiration from influential publications. The research methodology is multifaceted and combines legal analysis, historical research, and critical assessment to identify the underlying causes of the perceived shortcomings in Pakistan's judicial history. Using this historical basis, the study has critically examined the situation of the judiciary today, placing a strong emphasis on constitutional analysis to highlight the discrepancy between the goals of the constitution and their actual application. The research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the difficulties facing the judiciary by identifying anomalies and flaws in the decision-making process through the examination of major cases. It calls a thorough examination given to sociological viewpoints, practical difficulties, judicial corruption, public opinion, and the function of technology. As a result, this paper offers a forward-looking viewpoint and lays the groundwork for upcoming conversations and initiatives targeted at changing Pakistan's legal system.

Social Conflict Among Religious Groups in the Perspective of Sociology of Religion

Social conflicts between religious communities are a social and cultural issue that still needs to be addressed. They pose a challenging phenomenon within society, creating tension and fractures between individuals and groups with different beliefs. These tensions often pose a threat to the harmony and cohesion among religious communities in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to examine the phenomenon of social conflicts among religious communities from the perspective of sociology of religion. Employing a qualitative method with a literature study approach, it explores social conflicts among religious communities from the viewpoint of sociology of religion. The research findings indicated that interfaith dialogue is recognized as an evolving effort to foster associational and social interactions among religious believers. The significant role of the sociology of religion lies in its integral part in the continuous social process, shaping tolerance among religious followers.

A Sociological Approach to Vasectomized Patient’s Trajectories at the Buenos Aires University Clinical Hospital “José de San Martín”

According to Argentinian Ministry of Health records the number of patients requesting vasectomy increased twelve times in public hospitals, between 2015 and 2019. Physicians and specialists account for this change in recent years, arguing, among other reasons, a cultural change where the male assumes an active position in contraceptive methods. This research addresses vasectomized patient´s trajectory at the Buenos Aires University Clinical Hospital “José de San Martín”. Our aim was to define from a sociological point of view if we are actually witnessing a cultural change. While considering the last ten years (2012-2022), through a diachronic study analyzing patient´s demand at the Male Fertility Laboratory (n: 1136) we found out that although the main motivation is fertility a minority (6%) consulting to confirm the absence of sperm in the ejaculate following vasectomy increased significantly in 2022 (Pearson’s Chi-square p&lt;0.0001). After qualitative/quantitative interviews to the former patient´s group (n:36) two subpopulations were distinguished the childless (42%; Median age: 30 years old; range: 24-35) and those having a family (58%; Median age: 39 years old; range: 35-54). Most of them had a university degree (67%) and learned about this anticontraceptive method by the internet. It is remarkable that 94% of them were not aware of the Argentinan Law 236139 sanctioned in 2006 that grants their right to vasectomy. Among all the patients randomly interviewed in 2022 (n:200) condom anticontraceptive method was the best known (67%). Finally we conclude that in the meantime we are facing a New Trend that comprises a high educational level segment of our people that can become the seed of a Cultural Change in the future encompassing the whole society.

PILIHAN RAYA UMUM (PRU) NEGERI DI MALAYSIA 2023: SATU ANALISIS GEOGRAFIKAL DAN SOSIOLOGIKAL

The 2023 General Elections (GE) in the state of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah in Malaysia is an important election to see the impact of GE-15 in 2022 on the parties in the Unity Government namely Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN) and political parties from Sabah and Sarawak; with and Perikatan Nasional (PN) either continue or create a new pattern. The intended impact is the support pattern of Malay and Chinese voters, as well as the policies or policies of the Unity Government carried out by PMX. Voter support for political parties in the 2023 state election is also influenced by the relationship between voters and other individuals as well as the influence of the environment. Therefore, it is the purpose of writing this article to analyze the geographical and sociological factors in the State General Election in Malaysia in 2023. Based on the data analysis of the State General Election 2023 in Malaysia, observations in the field and analysis of secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the findings of the study show that from a geographical point of view, PH and PN each remain in control of the states they won in GE-14 2018, namely PH remains in control of Penang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan but with a decrease in seats in rural Malay areas; while PN remains in Kelantan, Terengganu and Kedah. From a sociological point of view, the narrative that "green wave" or "referendum against PH-BN" needs to be rethought and should not be accepted in totality. This article explains that based on the analysis from the sociological and structural dimensions it clearly shows that the results of the 6 State PRN contain different narratives that can be raised and considered, namely the strengthening of the "red wave" and the "referendum of UMNO members" against the UMNO party which is now the main ally. PH-BN in a unity government. Therefore, geographical and sociological factors will continue to influence the direction and pattern of voter support in elections in Malaysia.

Changing Marriage Customs Among Brahmins: A Sociological Viewpoint

Changing Marriage Customs Among Brahmins: A Sociological Viewpoint

Social construction of illness and disease

The meaning of illness varies according to the paradigm and the perspective it approaches. From the positivist paradigm, typical of the field of biomedicine, the disease is conceived from a mechanistic or biologistic point of view so that priority is given to the organic alteration that occurs in the human body, ignoring the subjectivity inherent in this process. We will analyze the social construction of illness through an anthropological perspective, including considerations of the role of society, the conditioning factors and effects observed in this process and the social responses that medicine assumes in this dynamic. In nature, disease does not exist as such but as a biological phenomenon that can only be distinguished because it breaks a specific sequence of events that are part of a continuous process. With the witnessing eye of the human being, this phenomenon makes sense. It is the individual and society that give the label of disease to a particular event. This label is the result of a social construction and, as such, is described in this article from a sociological point of view. Illness is constructed through a doctor-patient bond in which roles and expectations of mutual fulfilment are generated. Medicine is a response of the culture to legitimize the condition of sickness in someone who cannot continue to fulfil his or her usual roles. Some schools consider illness a legitimate deviation as long as it is assumed that the patient is not responsible for his ailment; if responsibility is assumed, the illness is considered an illegitimate deviation with a solid moral pejorative condition.