Socio-economic Potential Research Articles

Diversity in tree and fruit traits of Strychnos spinosa Lam. along a climatic gradient in Benin: a step towards domestication

Strychnos spinosa Lam. is an important wild edible fruit tree (WEFT) that is increasingly threatened due to anthropogenic pressure. Despite its remarkable socio-economic potential, commercial plantations for the species are rare. Characterization of the genetic diversity and potential of WEFT is a prerequisite for domestication and genetic improvement. This study assessed the morphological diversity and differentiation among populations of S. spinosa across a climatic gradient (Sudano-Guinean vs Sudanian zones) in Benin, West Africa. Morphological data were collected on 81 trees and 810 fruits of S. spinosa from 7 populations in the two climatic zones using nine phenotypic descriptors. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses were used to describe and partition differences among trees and study populations. Results showed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among populations for all measured traits. The within-population variation accounted for the highest proportion (53–90%) of the total variation. Strong and positive correlations (r = 0.91–0.99; P < 0.05) were observed among trunk and fruit traits except for tree height and fruits’ seed weight suggesting that fruit traits (fruit mass, pulp mass, seed number, ratio) can be predicted from trunk traits (dbh). Cluster analysis distinguished three distinct groups of S. spinosa in Benin. Population from Bassila phytodistrict in the Sudano-Guinean zone showed superior phenotypic traits (e.g. tree diameter, fruit mass, and pulp mass) indicating a high potential for selection for domestication purposes. Our study revealed marked phenotypic diversity of S. spinosa in Benin and provides relevant information for domestication and harnessing of S. spinosa genetic resources.

Діагностика стану діяльності об’єднаних територіальних громад Одеської області та аналіз розвитку їх територій

This article analyzes the current state of development of the united territorial communities of Odessa region. The factors influencing the efficiency of development of the territories of rural united territorial communities are investigated and characterized. The activity of united territorial communities, the share of the population, incomes and expenses per capita, expenses for the maintenance of the management staff and the ratio of expenses for the maintenance of the management staff with the amount of income of the general fund are analyzed. The estimated number and total population in the groups of united territorial communities of Ukraine, formed a rating of the level of use of socio-economic potential. Problems and prospects of development of territories of united territorial communities as preconditions of achievement of their ability are defined.

The Socio-economic Potential of the Emerging Film Industry in Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia transformed from a developing Middle Eastern nation into a regional power with ambitious projects in a variety of sectors. In this framework, the government proceeded to legalize cinemas in 2018, with an unprecedented step of issuing seven licenses for major cinema operating businesses. All of the prominent steps designed to promote the film industry align with the broader concept of expanding Saudi Arabia’s cultural and economic boundaries by adopting a path towards modernization and diversification. As the study seeks to investigate the social and economic prospects of the newly-established motion picture sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the review is based on the recent commitments and current plans by Saudi authorities and associated organizations. From the socio-economic perspective, the decision to lift the ban on theatres is a crucial milestone, allowing the country to strengthen its entertainment sector. Despite the diversity of suggested strategic plans, the consensus of the Saudi authorities is to stimulate both local and foreign businesses seeking to open new cinemas in Riyadh, Jeddah, and other cities.

Estudo das espécies de peixes cultivadas no Núcleo de Piscicultura do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas

RESUMO: É fato que muitas são as preocupações que giram em torno da segurança alimentar e sustentabilidade mundial. Para tal fato, aponta-se a criação de peixes como alternativa. O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e descrever as espécies de peixes que são cultivadas no Núcleo de Piscicultura do Centro de Ciências Agrária da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (CECA/UFAL), a rotina do manejo diário desta criação e a importância para a piscicultura alagoana no cenário atual. O estudo foi realizado com base em visitas no Núcleo de Piscicultura do Centro de Ciências Agrárias Campus Rio Largo, no período de maio a setembro de 2019, em Sistema Semi-intensivo e os dados técnicos foram levantados in loco e na literatura cientifica. Os indicadores de qualidade de água avaliados foram a temperatura, o pH e a amônia duas vezes semanalmente. A piscicultura é mantida e gerenciada por zootecnistas formados no CECA com parcerias entre a empresa Junior, o município de Rio Largo e a Companhia de Desenvolvimento dos Vales do São Francisco e do Parnaíba (Codevasf) e tem como carro chefe a produção de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Foram introduzidas novas espécies para fins de estudos na reprodução e policultivo. Os lotes da criação foram formados e divididos conforme a espécie, podendo ser remanejadas a depender da necessidade e objetivo do manejo, o ciclo produtivo de alevinos da tilápia do Nilo foi avaliado a cada 30 dias, com produção total estimada de 400 mil alevinos durante o período de observações. Os peixes foram alimentados com ração comercial e nível de proteína bruta (PB) correspondente a cada espécie e fase de criação, uma porção fixa por biomassa. Não foi possível nesse estudo, avaliar dados produtivos das espécies que foram introduzidas e observadas neste período, pois elas estavam na fase juvenil para posteriormente ser feita seleção para nova fase de criação. A despesca dos peixes no policultivo foi definida a finalização em oito meses, não havendo possibilidade de acompanhamento. As espécies observadas são de grande potencial socioeconômico para Alagoas e para o Brasil, em especial a tilápia e apostar na diversificação de espécies como fator de segurança economicamente viável, frente às influências ambientais na produção de alimentos. Deve-se considerar que a piscicultura do CECA há dez anos está consolidada na tilapicultura e desempenhou um papel importante que foi a doação de alevinos de tilápia para piscicultores da agricultura familiar e ao Programa de Aquisição para Alimentação (PAA) no Município de Rio Largo, o que diferencia comparada as pisciculturas tradicionais.&#x0D; PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alevino, Piscicultura, Policultivo.

Gender and Ethnic Diversity in Medical Faculty

In the United States, underrepresented in medicine (URM) physicians are made up from African American, Hispanic, Native American, Alaskan Native, and Hawaiian/Pacific island populations. With the ever-growing diversity in the US population it is critical for not only the physician workforce as a whole, but also the highest tiers of academic medicine, to be reflective of this heterogeneous population. In conjunction with ethnic diversity, it is of the essential for proportional gender representation to be achieved. This increasing diversity is essential not only for equal healthcare among all individuals, but also equal socioeconomic potential for all genders and ethnicities. The US population, based on the data taken from the US Census Bureau, was then compared to the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Roster (FAMOUS) data to analyze representation of the medical community to the general US population. The principle metric used in this study was the proportion of faculty from the various gender and ethnic groups to their respective groups in the general population. Women are underrepresented in select departments, leadership roles, and senior faculty positions. Underrepresented in medicine (URM) individuals have not improved enough to reach parity in their representation within the medical community across all metrics. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: None.

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ В СТРУКТУРЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕГИОНА

The article considers approaches to determining the importance of human capital for the socio-economic development of the territories of the Russian Federation, as well as determining its place in the structure of the territorial socio-economic potential. The article shows that human capital is the basis for the formation of the regional economic system and serves as the basis for the implementation of the regional socio-economic potential. The authors define human capital as a key socio-economic and productive factor in the development of not only the modern economy, but also modern society. Regional human capital is defined as a set of human resources with their knowledge, abilities, skills, etc., formed both within the framework of individual human capital and within the framework of corporate human capital, localized on the territory of the region and able to provide reproduction processes within the regional socio-economic system. The article shows that the regional human capital in the structure of the socio-economic potential of the region has both quantitative (population size, including population migration; the gender and age composition of the population of the region, etc.), and the quality characteristics (the level of education and qualifications of the population of the region, the effectiveness of the use of human capital, etc.), reflect the importance of human capital in the state’s program documents. The article proposes the author’s vision of human capital as a resource for the socio-economic development of the region and proves that from the point of view of the realization of the socioeconomic potential of the region, the human resources of a particular region should be considered by regional authorities and management not only as a key resource that ensures the socio-economic development of the region, but also as a resource that imposes certain requirements necessary for the direct realization of human capital (potential).

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ В РАЗВИТИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

In modern realities, the main direction of the Russian Federation is to increase the level of socio-economic development of the country and its regions. As a result, among the key principles for the implementation of the state policy of socio-economic development, the provision of socio-economic potential and the improvement of the level of competitiveness of regions in domestic and world markets highlighted. This paper examines the socio-economic potential in the development of the regional economy. The concept of "socio-economic potential of the region" clarified. The specificity of the regional socio-economic policy is considered. The existing methodological approaches for a comprehensive assessment of the socio-economic development of regions analyzed. In conclusion, the author proposes to expand these approaches in the basis of the characteristic features of the development and mastering of the territories of the regions of the Russian Federation.

АУТСТАФІНГ ЯК АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ НАДЛИШКОВОГО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of life, in particular Ukrainian higher school, reinforcing the negative trends of recent years associated with a decrease in the number of applicants, the migration of school graduates to the Western countries to study, the deterioration of economic indicators of HEIs etc. In this regard, in some HEIs there are processes of the release of personnel, reducing the workload of academic staff, reducing the degree of services provided by HEIs. If the human resources potential of HEIs is excessive, there is a decrease in the workload of academic staff, in their motivation. On the contrary, the risks of losing their licenses, non-accreditation, staff turnover and other negative trends increase. In such conditions, innovative approaches become relevant to neutralize the negative trends in the process of the formation and preservation of the socio-economic potential of HEIs, the main component of which is human resources. The article identifies the essence of the excess socio-economic potential of HEI and outstaffing as an innovative mechanism for preserving and shaping the socio-economic potential. Outstaffing is the remote employment of staff for a project. A teacher at HEI can be an outstaffer and a university itself can act as an outstaffed company. The use of outstaffing as a new type of non-educational services will allow HEIs to maintain human resources, increase the workload, staff motivation, financial indicators and preserve the socio-economic potential of the institution as a whole.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The active promotion of digital technologies in management, social and business processes in the Russian Federation implies the need to analyze the impact of digitalization factors on the formation and development of the socio-economic potential of territorial systems. However, general estimates of the dynamics of the introduction of digital platforms and services are made in relation to the development of the digital economy, without expressing the state of digital transformation in the totality of all spheres of life. The applied methods of digitalization process analysis allow to express its functional content and objectoriented orientation of impact instruments in a certain period, but are not able to display the potential of digitalization and establish the influence of a multilevel spatial set of factors characterizing the state of digital transformation of life spheres, as well as determine the direction of changes in socio-economic potential occurring under the influence of the digital environment of the country and its regions. In this regard, the method of integrative assessment of the impact of digitalization factors on the state and growth of the socio-economic potential of the territorial system was developed and tested. For the purposes of the study, the author’s interpretation of the concept of digitalization and digital potential is given, an annotated list of the main methodological approaches to assessing the potential of the territorial system has been compiled. Using methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and grouping, generalization and expert estimates, index and correlation methods of economic and statistical analysis, principles and a conceptual model for the formation of a multilevel set of indicators for a comparable assessment of the digitalization potential of the region are proposed. The algorithm for calculating the integral assessment of the digital potential of the regions was justified and tested, their ranking was carried out, useful in solving the problems of developing priority setting options when substantiating management decisions in the field of digitalization and improving the mechanism of state strategic planning for the sustainable development of territorial entities. The scientific novelty of the study consists in developing a methodological approach to assessing the potential of the territorial system, taking into account the factors of digital transformation of processes in the field of production, exchange, distribution and consumption of public product.

Impact of socio-economic growth and economic potential on the sustainable development of region

This article presents a methodological approach to assessing the real wellbeing of citizens in the territory of their residence. An attempt was made to comprehensively assess wellbeing, taking into account the economic factors of potential and growth. Moreover, under crisis conditions, these factors may demonstrate a different dynamic. The ongoing economic uncertainly inherent in the development of Russian regions has intensified with the unfolding of the Covid-19 pandemic. The structural heterogeneity of the domestic economy, manifested in the underfunding of human development, led to an increase in poverty, population decline and, ultimately, to a decrease in welfare. The principle of catch-up modernization has not justified itself for over almost three decades of its application. We propose a diagnostic approach to assessing the state of a region’s economy taking into account the dynamics of indicators and impulse response behaviour of turning points. In order to provide a timely manner of calculations, techniques of express diagnostics were used, which enabled estimation of the development trajectory in the context of a certain crisis type. The proposed methodology was tested using the example of the Ural Federal District.

Инновационное развитие малого и среднего бизнеса в России с учетом опыта зарубежных стран

Relevance. At present, the level of use of the socio-economic potential of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation, in comparison with developed and many developing countries of the world, seems to be relatively low. As the experience of the countries of the European Union and China shows, the contribution of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to the national economy can be increased through their involvement in a variety of global chains with a high level of added value, in connection with which the topic of this article seems relevant. The purpose of this article is: to analyze the theoretical and practical problems that hinder the development of the potential of SMEs; substantiating the need to use direct and indirect methods of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account the best practices of foreign countries to stimulate their participation in scientific and innovative activities; an attempt to prove the feasibility of using special regional digital development centers as a subject for managing the development of the SME institute. The objectives of the study are to study the current state and the dependence of the development of small and medium-sized businesses on exogenous and endogenous factors, substantiate an adequate set of direct and indirect measures of state support for their interaction with big business within global chains with a high level of added value. The research methodology consists in the use of dialectical, positivist, structuralist and other methodological approaches, and within their framework the following methods of scientific knowledge - historical, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the unity of logical and historical, comparative analysis, etc. The research is based on statistical data and scientific publications posted in the official mass media. The results of the work are reflected in the form of an analysis of the initial statistical information characterizing the current state of small and medium-sized enterprises in the domestic economy, a generalization of the problems that hinder the successful development of the SME institute and promising scientific and innovative directions of its development in the system of global value-added production chains. Conclusions The modern foreign practice of the functioning of SMEs testifies to the unlimited potential of their social and economic opportunities, in connection with which the positive experience of foreign states should be used in domestic practice, taking into account the peculiarities of the economic development of Russian regions. To this end, it is advisable to develop the necessary set of measures within the framework of state scientific and innovative programs for the innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation.

ҐЕНДЕРНИЙ СКЛАДНИК РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ В УКРАЇНІ

The factors of the functioning of the system of the social protection of the population have been analyzed in the article as the open, the ramified, the multilevel and the multifunctional system aimed at the maintenance of the individual-social balance in its activity, the activation of the socio-economic potential and the prevention of the negative consequences of the transformational processes and the minimization of the social risks in the society by means of legislative, economic, organizational, managerial and educational support of the gender equality. The use for the social-economic analysis of the system of the social protection of the numbers of the categories has been grounded, where the essence of the interaction of economic, social, political, organizational and legal subsystems of the system of the social protection has been reflected and their role in the development of the sustainable social relations. The principles of the integration of the gender approach into the state policy of Ukraine at the interstate, the national and the local levels have been researched on the basis of legislative, legal and other branch sources and the marks of the effectiveness of the state and the branch measures has been given as for the priority implementation of Directive 79/7 / EEC about gradually implementation of the principle of the equal attitude for the men and the women in the sphere of the social providing, the main problematic aspects of the implementation of the mechanisms of the social providing, the policy of the employment, health care have been revealed, which have the significant impact on the state of the gender equality in Ukraine. The ways of the increase of the level of the compliance of the principle of the gender have been determined equality in terms of the improvement of the normative-legal base, the accounting of the gender components in the programs of the economic and the social development, the improvement of the mechanism of the realization of the gender-legal expertise, the improvement of the realization of the mechanisms of the right to the protection from the discrimination on the basis of sex, making the gender component to the programs of the social reforms with the involvement of the public authorities, the local self-governments and the public organizations and the associations, the activities are aimed at the providing of the equal rights and the opportunities of the women and the men.

К вопросу об оценке социально-экономического потенциала сельских территорий

К вопросу об оценке социально-экономического потенциала сельских территорий

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ФИЗКУЛЬТУРНО-ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ КАК СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В РЕШЕНИИ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ

The article discusses the issues of improving physical culture and health activities as important strategic objectives of social policy in solving demographic problems and based on the joint activities of sports organizations, educational organizations, health care systems, families and other social institutions. Social policy activities in the field of solving demographic problems are usually aimed at studying and regulation of processes of population reproduction, maintaining or changing the trend of population dynamics, resettlement of internally displaced persons, improving the quality and standard of living, availability of high quality medical care, providing of social, cultural, educational and other vital services. Social policy is viewed as an organic part of state policy, specific in its goals, objectives and methods of activity: it is social support that becomes today the most significant and popular mechanism for the state's influence on the development of the demographic state in the field of population. The fundamental characteristic of social policy in the regulation of demographic processes is not a direct impact on the dynamics of population reproduction, but an indirect impact through the ideological potential of human capital resources, the implementation of rational social programs (Cross of Nations running event, the Russian Ski Track, the TRP), use of the capabilities of various social institutions, socio-economic potential of the state, etc. In the article, the authors prove the value of physical culture and sports for the population, its lifestyle in improving the demographic state of the country as a whole. The strategy of social policy in the field of physical culture and sports is aimed at timely prevention of diseases, maintaining a high working capacity of the population, preventing offenses, overcoming any bad habits, especially among the younger generation. The listed aspects together contribute to the improvement of demographic processes in the country.

Local population analysis in the function of the protected area sustainable development

The research focus of the paper is set on the socio-economic potential of a protected area, as a key factor and a prerequisite for its development. The spatial framework of the research includes five settlements in the vicinity of Special Nature Reserve ?Carska Bara? (Northern Serbia). For the purpose of this research, they are classified into two groups, based on their distance from the fundamental phenomenon. The demographic characteristics analyses of the study area include basic demographic determinants such as population structures and migration characteristics. Population data related to the change in the number of inhabitants and the types of the total population movement were collected and analyzed, and a comparative analysis of the aging index was performed as well. In order to better understand the condition of the economic structure, the economic activity, and the structure of the active population performing occupation were analyzed by activity sections. The current state of the social infrastructure (schools, primary health care facilities, pharmacies, post offices, sports, and recreation facilities) was also considered, as one of the qualities of life indicators of the local population. The obtained results indicate an unfavorable demographic picture of the analyzed areas. These are smaller population areas, predominantly inhabited by population of the old age groups. Although they are in protected areas which, in the context of tourism, are abounding in natural potentials, but without implementing significant steps and certain measures, no progress and improvement of the demographic condition can be expected.

Social and Economic Potential of Reclamation Development of Agroindustrial Complex of the Russian Federation

The article presents the modern legal framework for the restoration and development of the land reclamation industry in the Russian Federation; specifics of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food, considering the implementation of the departmental program "Development of the Land Reclamation Complex of the Russian Federation". The formulation and content of the concept of the socio-economic potential of amelioration of the country have been concretized, which made it possible to identify the target orientation of such private potentials of the industry as: resource, innovation and technical, investment and entrepreneurial, economic, regulatory, social and personnel and information and digital. The classification of factors influencing the social and economic potential of land reclamation in the Russian Federation was substantiated and the relationship between the leading groups of these factors, focused on the financial and investment potential of agricultural producers, government support and the level of demand for agricultural products, was visualized. The official documents are detailed, which allow to manage the personnel potential of the industry, as the most important component of its reclamation potential. Sectoral guidelines for the development and formation of ameliorative potential at the federal level and the importance of regional programs for the development of rural areas are outlined. In the course of the study, it was revealed that there was no relationship in the regulatory documents on the formation and development of the potential of the reclamation industry of the agroindustrial complex, and it was concluded that it was necessary to improve the mechanisms of regulatory and methodological tools.

ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИХ КЛАСТЕРОВ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ПРИКАСПИЯ

Currently, recreational tourism is one of the most exciting and affordable types of recreation in Russia. It is popular in all regions of our country, including the Astrakhan region. The Astrakhan region has a huge natural and socio-economic potential for the development of this type of tourism. The peculiarities of the geographical location, the abundance of reservoirs with a variety of fish stocks, the duration of favorable climatic conditions contribute to the formation of sports and amateur tourism in the region. The tourist market today offers a wide variety of recreation centers. Currently, a significant part of the recreation centers is focused primarily on customers arriving for the purpose of recreation and fishing. In addition to recreation centers, there are excursion programs and special fishing or hunting tours. The presence of specialized recreation centers allows you to effectively influence the demand for relevant services and contribute to the development of the tourism industry. To get information about the territorial location of recreation centers in the study area, tourists need a resource that displays the presence of existing objects, with which they can easily navigate in the choice of vacation spots. In this regard, the question arose about the creation of such a cartographic product. The purpose of this work: geoinformation mapping of tourist clusters of the Northwestern Caspian Sea (on the example of the Astrakhan region). As a result of the conducted research, based on the obtained scientific and aerospace data of the GoogleEarth program, a map of collective tourist accommodation facilities using the Quantum GIS (QGIS) program was compiled for the first time). The created electronic map is of great importance for obtaining information about the territorial location of recreation centers.

АНАЛІЗ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ СФЕРИ ТУРИЗМУ З УРАХУВАННЯМ СТАТИСТИЧНОГО ОБЛІКУ ТА ЗВІТНОСТІ

The article deals the analysis of trends in the development of the tourism sector in modern conditions, taking into account statistical information and the impact of coronavirus on the tourism industry. It is determined that the tourism industry is important for the development of the state. The article identifies trends, threats, problems, challenges, risks and subjects as the main factors in the development of tourism in Ukraine. It is noted that the further development of tourism will ensure the realization of the socio-economic potential of the state in the short and strategic perspective. Also the effective development of the tourist complex depends on the availability of modern accounting systems, statistical observation, a systematic approach to the organization of which allows meeting the needs of authorities, specialists and society as a whole in sufficient and reliable information in the field of tourism. In addition, statistical indicators are needed to develop macroeconomic indicators: consumption, spending, investment, income, employment. Over the past 70 years, tourism has become a powerful sector of the global economy. Influencing key sectors of the economy, tourism is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of socio-economic development of both individual regions and the country as a whole. But with the spread of the coronavirus, the travel industry is at risk. Analyzed statistical data on the number and cost of sold tour packages, the number of served tourists, and so on. It should be noted that during the pandemic, it was tourism that suffered more than other industries, including due to border closures, air travel bans, quarantine measures, and the like. At the same time, UNWTO underlines the historical resilience of tourism and the ability to create jobs in the aftermath of crises, while also highlighting the importance of international cooperation and ensuring that this sector becomes a central part of recovery efforts. Practical proposals for overcoming the crisis are presented, the implementation of which will reduce the level of negative impact of the consequences of the pandemic on the economy of the tourism industry in Ukraine and the main directions for improving the statistical accounting system.

Features of Municipal Waste Management in the Context of Sustainable Development in the Countries with High Gni Per Capita and Lower Middle Gni Per Capita on the Example of Finland and Ukraine

Abstract The paper discusses ways to implement in Ukraine one of the important tasks of the sustainable development strategy - minimization and rational use of waste. The concept of a circular economy is analyzed in terms of using the material and energy potential of waste on the example of countries with high Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (Finland) and countries with lower middle GNI per capita (Ukraine). The features of the municipal solid waste management optimization in Finland and Ukraine are highlighted. It is noted that the concerns about the municipal solid waste management have reached the state level and are provided with targeted national programs and action plans. The dynamics of generation and treatment of solid municipal waste in Finland in 2009–2018 and Ukraine in 2013–2019 is analyzed. The main attention in Ukraine is paid to the implementation of the European system of municipal waste management. The paper emphasizes that an important condition for the implementation of state and municipal programs for waste recycling is the study of the socioeconomic potential of the population and the contribution fractions of waste for the organization of the separate collection of waste components and creation an appropriate infrastructure. Under current situation, sensitization work with the population to increase the level of their environmental awareness and promote active participation in the implementation of municipal waste management programs is shown to be of great importance for Ukraine.

Problems of the labour market and educational services market in Irkutsk region

The article is aimed at identifying the problems of the regional labor market and the market of educational services in order to improve the system of youth employment. The paper identifies the role of education as the most important institution for the formation of the internal socio-economic potential of the territory and the development of the local community. The relevance of the problem for the Irkutsk region lies in the imbalance of supply and demand of young professionals - generation Z - in the conditions of the resource nature of the economy. The study confirmed that young people aged 20-24 are the most vulnerable in the regional labor market. The main results of the work are as follows: 1) there is no effective interaction of market participants with the changed labor claims of modern youth; 2) educational services of the Irkutsk region are not relevant to the regional labor market. Uncertainty in the interaction of market actors does not give a clear understanding of the prospects for the formation of labor skills and activates the migration of young people. As a result, the territorial labor market lacks human and educational potential, and the return on the regional structure of the resource economy does not contribute to the transformation of potential into capital. The study emphasizes that the realization of the potential of the population and the activation of territorial unification cannot be effective without a clear understanding of the vector of development of the higher education system. It is necessary to supplement the regulatory and strategic documents of the region with reasonable indicators of employment of university graduates. The results obtained can be used by regional authorities, higher education, science and business structures in order to effectively interact the territorial markets of educational services and labor.