Socioeconomic Effects Research Articles

Structural violence and everyday survival during COVID-19 lockdown: The experiences of street children in Uyo, Nigeria

BackgroundMost studies on the effect of covid-19 lockdowns on children have focused on those in regular family settings and in-school children. Research on the experiences of street children during lockdown are scarce. Our study seeks to fill this gap by exploring the negative effects of lockdowns on street children in a commercial city in South-South Nigeria, and how they coped with these effects. MethodUsing purposive sampling technique, we recruited twenty-four street children for the semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used in identifying specific themes on the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on street children. ResultsAll children interviewed reported direct adverse socioeconomic effects of COVID-19 lockdown. Also, they reported being victimised by law enforcement agents and adult street actors. Their public perception as a ‘diseased category’ capable of COVID-19 transmission contributed to stigma and eviction from places of abode, a situation that exposed some female street children to sexual violence. Street children coped with economic effects of lockdown through exploring further opportunities for income generation. ConclusionStreet children bear a disproportionate effect of COVID-19 lockdown. There exists a need to prioritize their needs as well as include them in social protection measures for COVID-19.

Gravel and River sand mining activities in Maroua (Far-North Region, Cameroon): Environmental and Socioeconomic aspects

Sand and gravel mining are amongst the main factors that induces significant impacts on environment, as a result of growing need for building materials and as a source of income for rural communities. This study was conducted to assess the socio-economic and environmental effects of these activities in Maroua, Cameroon. Its objectives include a description of artisanal mining method and identification of its socio-economic and environmental impacts. The study was conducted in a multidisciplinary approach. During the fieldwork, data were collected using questionnaires and focused group discussions were undertaken with those responsible for managing natural resources in the that area. The results reveal that sand mining activity alter river morphology at a faster rate than normal river process, where river reduction of the extraction areas is significantly larger. These activities were responsible for quick resource depletion and adversely affecting the environment and causing disturbances such as, ecological balance, soil degradation, pollution, infrastructure destruction, as well as conflict between miners and communities. Despite the negative impacts, mining activities generate income for all parties involved in the value chain, including the government. Accordingly, based on the research results, there are concerns about sustainable extraction practices by implementing strict rules and government policies.

Hydroclimate variability over the past 4730 years based on multi-proxy stalagmite records from southwest China

Southwest China has experienced a series of record-breaking droughts over the last two decades, threatening regional ecosystems and exerting socioeconomic effects. Recent studies have focused on the drivers of specific drought events that seasonally vary in occurrence and duration, and a better understanding of regional paleo-records may be key to understanding their underlying mechanisms. Here, we present records of dry and wet alterations from 4730 yr B.P. based on multi-proxy stalagmite records. In particular, we report δ13C records at a five-year-resolution, and trace element (Mg, Sr, and Ba) to Ca ratios at a 25-year-resolution for stalagmite HD12 from Dark Cave, southwest China. Statistically significant correlations between δ13C and Mg/Ca suggest that they are controlled by a common factor, possibly related to local hydrological variations associated with the monsoon circulation. Long-term trends in the Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios may be related to temperature- and/or precipitation-controlled growth rates. The first principal component (multi-proxy PC1) of δ13C and Mg/Ca can be used as the hydrological index in southwest China, indicating high-frequency oscillations on the millennial to multidecadal scales, with four prominent dry periods at 4255 ± 21 to 3430 ± 11, 2605 ± 12 to 2105 ± 9, 1755 ± 11 to 1255 ± 13, and 705 ± 8 to 405 ± 7 yr B.P. This is in general agreement with the monsoon index reconstructed from the detrended and z-scored cave δ18O PC1 in southwest China, indicating the sensitivity of regional hydrological response to monsoon intensity. The dry conditions of southwest China on the millennial-centennial scale may be related to solar forcing and the North Atlantic Oscillation owing to their influence on the strength and position of the westerlies and the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Additionally, the El Niño Southern Oscillation could also affect water vapor transport to southwest China by influencing the strength and position of the Walker circulation and Western Pacific Subtropical High. Moreover, the dry periods of southwest China over the past 4730 years are closely related to the warming of the sea surface temperature of the tropical warm pool on multidecadal scales. Such warming may be detrimental to the transport of water vapor from the North Western Pacific and Indian Ocean to southwest China, resulting in a dry regional environment.

Importance of Compliance with the Obligation of the Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) against Money Laundering: Some General Considerations

In the fight against Money Laundering, the effectiveness of the task known as the Suspicious Activity Report (SAR), undoubtedly, constitutes one of the main protection shields for Obligated Subjects to their prevention with Risk-Based Approach (RBA). It stands as one of the most relevant sources of information for the analytical work of a Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). It is the starting point for subsequent investigation, prosecution and application of criminal measures, and it is an incentive of great importance for decision-making in administrative, criminal and criminological policies for its confrontation in its dual profile: as a Risk, and as a Crime. And all this at an accelerated pace since, in addition to its seriousness, by the devastation it represents to the stability of a country’s socio-economic financial order, its implementation and effectiveness, is being permanently monitored and qualified by international agencies specialized in the matter, and whose reports work as a basic criterionto measure Country- Risk, and therefore a true radar for attracting lawful investments. Then again, it becomes necessary to understand the guidelines for an effective SAR, and understand, in order to mitigate its impact, the most common reasons for its non-compliance, as a consequence of infractions to specific legal frameworks, that can make the whole Anti-Money Laundering system of a country, ineffective. Definitely, the presentation of a SAR with Quality,Timeliness and Accuracy, directly affects the mitigation of the Risk of Financial Crime, in pursuit of the health of businesses and the economy.

Analyzing satisfaction and loyalty of car users in central Europe

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the satisfaction and loyalty levels of car commuters in Central Europe using data collected within the EU-funded project ‘Smart-Commuting.’ A Fuzzy-Hybrid TOPSIS approach is employed to measure synthetic indicators of satisfaction and loyalty among commuters. Subsequently, those expressing high satisfaction and loyalty to cars are identified through Fuzzy-Clustering Analysis. Finally, Probit estimation is utilized to investigate individual socioeconomic effects on the elevated levels of satisfaction and loyalty in car-based commuting. Results suggest that these are influenced by several socio-economic factors, including travel distance, travel time, occupation, and income. Gender and age also play a role, with males and older individuals exhibiting a higher inclination to drive. These findings can be instrumental in guiding mobility measures aimed at promoting sustainable commuting, such as incentives for public transport, improvements to cycling and walking infrastructure, and the implementation of flexible working arrangements. This is particularly relevant in Central Europe, where high car-dependency for commuting is well-documented.

Analyzing the Interplay of Financial Inclusion, Income Inequality, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Pakistan

The current study uses annual time-series data from Pakistan from 1998 to 2022 to investigate the complex link between financial addition, economic inequality, and carbon emissions. The Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used in the study to look at the dynamic correlations between variables including financial addition, income inequality, and carbon emissions. The empirical data indicates that increasing financial inclusion leads to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions. In contrast, economic inequality, energy consumption, and growth have a positive correlation with CO2 emissions. These conclusions show the complicated relationship between socioeconomic determinants and environmental effects. Furthermore, the study's implications extend beyond Pakistan, giving valuable information to policymakers dealing with similar difficulties in other developing countries. This work contributes to the global discourse on sustainable growth and climate action by promoting economic addition and addressing financial disparities. It emphasizes the importance of implementing specific policy actions that promote both economic fairness and environmental sustainability. Such approaches have the potential to not only reduce carbon emissions but also encourage inclusive growth, promoting the wider aim of sustainable development in Pakistan and abroad.

Assessing the social impacts of the COVID-19 crisis using phone helplines. The case of the Balearic Islands, Spain.

Crises and health policies to tackle them can increase health inequalities. We explored the scope and usefulness of helplines set up during the COVID-19 crisis and characterised the vulnerability of their users. This study explored the geographic and socioeconomic effects of the telephone helplines set up by the Balearic Islands Government and aimed to characterise the vulnerability of their users. Telephonic survey combined with a geographical analysis of a sample of calls made between 15th of March and 30th of June of 2020 to five helplines: COVID-19 general information; psychological, social (minimum vital income), labour (temporary employment regulation), and housing (rental assistance) helps. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and housing characteristics, type of problem, and if it was solved or not. We used multinomial regression to explore factors associated with having solved the problem. We calculated the standardised rate of calls by municipality using Chi-squared and z-test to test differences. 1,321 interviews from 2,678 selected (231 excluded, 608 untraceable, and 518 refusals). 63.8% of women, 48.7% were born in another country. They had no internet at home in 3.1%, only on the phone in 17.3%. The 23.5% had no income at home. The Problem was solved in 25.4%, and partly in 30.9%. Factors associated with not solving the problem were not having income at home (p = 0.021), labour (p = 0.008), economic (p = 0.000) or housing (p = 0.000) problems. People from 55 of 67 municipalities did at least one call. The highest rates of calls were from coastal tourist municipalities. Helplines reached most of the territory of the Balearic Islands and were used mainly in tourist municipalities. It probably has not been helpful for families with more significant deprivation. Digital inequalities have emerged.

Prospect, Legal, and Socio-economic Implication of Metaverse Operation in Nigeria

The metaverse, a digital realm blending virtual environments with reality, holds immense potential across sectors. In Nigeria, understanding its implications necessitates exploration from various angles. Firstly, the legal landscape demands scrutiny, with existing regulations evaluated for their applicability and efficacy. Secondly, socio-economic considerations assume paramount importance, given the metaverse's potential to reshape societal norms and economic activities. Concerning this, the employ a hybrid research methodology that focus on the potentials of metaverse's emergence, legal framework, and socio-economic effects within Nigeria. 308 questionnaire were distribute to respondents residing in Nigeria. The collected data underwent descriptive and analytical analysis. The findings underscore that permitting the operation of the metaverse in Nigeria holds promise for enhancing the nation's economy and facilitating digital interactions. However, the study also reveals potential pitfalls notably that the existing legal framework may prove insufficient in addressing the unique challenges posed by the metaverse. Moreover, the metaverse's transformative impact on the Nigerian economy may carry adverse consequences. Consequently, the study concludes by recommending the imperative need for a novel legal framework tailored to address the distinctive intricacies presented by the metaverse for its effective operation in Nigeria.

Exploring type I interferon pathway: virulent vs. attenuated strain of African swine fever virus revealing a novel function carried by MGF505-4R.

African swine fever virus represents a significant reemerging threat to livestock populations, as its incidence and geographic distribution have surged over the past decade in Europe, Asia, and Caribbean, resulting in substantial socio-economic burdens and adverse effects on animal health and welfare. In a previous report, we described the protective properties of our newly thermo-attenuated strain (ASFV-989) in pigs against an experimental infection of its parental Georgia 2007/1 virulent strain. In this new study, our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of ASFV-989. We first compared the activation of type I interferon pathway in response to ASFV-989 and Georgia 2007/1 infections, employing both in vivo and in vitro models. Expression of IFN-α was significantly increased in porcine alveolar macrophages infected with ASFV-989 while pigs infected with Georgia 2007/1 showed higher IFN-α than those infected by ASFV-989. We also used a medium-throughput transcriptomic approach to study the expression of viral genes by both strains, and identified several patterns of gene expression. Subsequently, we investigated whether proteins encoded by the eight genes deleted in ASFV-989 contribute to the modulation of the type I interferon signaling pathway. Using different strategies, we showed that MGF505-4R interfered with the induction of IFN-α/β pathway, likely through interaction with TRAF3. Altogether, our data reveal key differences between ASFV-989 and Georgia 2007/1 in their ability to control IFN-α/β signaling and provide molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MGF505-4R as a virulence factor.

The Different Molecular Targets and Its Significant Role in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review

Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative brain illness that affects the majority of the older population. Alzheimer's disease has become a substantial public health problem due to increased life expectancy in the general population and a better understanding of the disease's socioeconomic effects. This review explores the cholinergic theory, amyloid plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation pathway, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic aetiology, infectious pathways, and environmental factors in Alzheimer's disease. Physical and neurological tests, which include intelligence, muscle tone and strength, vision and hearing, and communication, are used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. In order to make an early diagnosis, brain imaging techniques such as MRI and CT are used. Inflammatory biomarkers like IL-1, IL-6, TNF- α, and TGF- β are all computed in blood testing. The activity of acetylcholinesterase and the concentration of neurotransmitter acetylcholine are measured using a biochemical probe. There is no definite cure, although symptomatic treatment includes cholinesterase inhibitors such as Tacrine, Donepezil, and Rivastigmine, as well as NMDA antagonists such as Memantine are available. For better efficacy, combination therapy such as cholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidants and a combination of hybrid inhibitors has become preferred. Current research focuses on establishing various causes of disease and generating more effective, target-oriented pharmaceutical treatments.

The European Union’s deregulation of plants obtained from new genomic techniques: a critique and an alternative option

The EU is about to relax its oversight of genetically modified organisms, focusing on plants and products that are obtained through certain new genomic techniques. The aim is to promote new genomic techniques as an innovative technology and employing it as a means to transform agriculture to sustainability. The present contribution describes and evaluates the planned reform. It discusses whether standards of legal certainty and legitimacy are met, how environmental side-effects are taken into account, how sustainability goals are integrated, what socio-economic effects are to be expected, and whether higher rank law is respected. As several shortcomings are found an alternative approach is submitted that combines a certain easing of administrative oversight with better integration of sustainability goals. Auspices for organic and conventional GMO-free agriculture are also sketched out.

Development and application of the Demands for Population Health Interventions (Depth) framework for categorising the agentic demands of population health interventions

BackgroundThe ‘agentic demand’ of population health interventions (PHIs) refers to the capacity, resources and freedom to act that interventions demand of their recipients to benefit, which have a socio-economical pattern. Highly agentic interventions, e.g. information campaigns, rely on recipients noticing and responding to the intervention and thus might affect intervention effectiveness and equity. The absence of an adequate framework to classify agentic demands limits the fields’ ability to systematically explore these associations.MethodsWe systematically developed the Demands for Population Health Interventions (Depth) framework using an iterative approach: (1) developing the Depth framework by systematically identifying examples of PHIs aiming to promote healthier diets and physical activity, coding of intervention actors and actions and synthesising the data to develop the framework; (2) testing the Depth framework in online workshops with academic and policy experts and a quantitative reliability assessment. We applied the final framework in a proof-of-concept review, extracting studies from three existing equity-focused systematic reviews on framework category, overall effectiveness and differential socioeconomic effects and visualised the findings in harvest plots.ResultsThe Depth framework identifies three constructs influencing agentic demand: exposure — initial contact with intervention (two levels), mechanism of action — how the intervention enables or discourages behaviour (five levels) and engagement — recipient response (two levels). When combined, these constructs form a matrix of 20 possible classifications. In the proof-of-concept review, we classified all components of 31 interventions according to the Depth framework. Intervention components were concentrated in a small number of Depth classifications; Depth classification appeared to be related to intervention equity but not effectiveness.ConclusionsThis framework holds potential for future research, policy and practice, facilitating the design, selection and evaluation of interventions and evidence synthesis.

BERZIARAH KE MAKAM SYEKH YUSUF AL-MAKASSARI

The study investigates the implications of undertaking a pilgrimage to the tomb of Syekh Yusuf Al-Makassari, whose significant contributions have profoundly shaped Islamic thought and civilization. Following his passing, his burial site has become a crucial destination for pilgrims, leading to socio-economic effects on the surrounding community. Employing historical methodologies within a socio-economic framework, the research aims to elucidate the socio-economic conditions of the community surrounding Sheikh Yusuf Al-Makassari's tomb. Recognized as a pivotal figure and scholar in Indonesian history and beyond, Sheikh Yusuf's enduring influence is evident through the influx of pilgrims from diverse regions to his gravesite, highlighting his ongoing societal significance. The findings of this study reveal various social and economic aspects, including the financial status of the local population, employment opportunities, and microeconomic dynamics.

Child Health and Infection with Low Density (CHILD) malaria: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the long-term health and socioeconomic impacts of testing and treating low-density malaria infection among children in Tanzania

IntroductionAs malaria declines, low-density malaria infections (LMIs) represent an increasing proportion of infections and may have negative impacts on child health and cognition, necessitating development of targeted and effective solutions....

Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the psycho-socioeconomic health of families in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state

Background: The aggressive COVID-19 restrictive mitigation measures of lockdown by nations are with consequent effects on the populations. This study aimed to assess the psychological and socio-economic effects of COVID-19 lockdown among families in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study of 409 household heads in Enugu metropolis. Data were analyzed using IBM statistical package 23.0 and test of significance set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 37.2±8.7 years. Majority, 83.1% were restricted in movement. Stress (5.9%) and sexual abuse (6.5%) were noted psychological effects. About 44.3% were not satisfied with life, basic social services of market (34.2%), banking (23.5%) and educational services (9.3%). Also 44.5% were not satisfied with their economic situation as 35.2% had their working conditions affected, 30.3% complain of price increase and 20.0% had restriction to basic needs. Coping strategies adopted were reduced food ration (27.9%), low wages (22.5%) and sale of assets (6.8%). Conclusions: The psychological and socio-economic effects of COVID-19 lockdown significantly affected quality of life. Population will benefit from economic subsidies, psychotherapy and information, communication and technology (ICT) skills for learning and working from home.

Socio-Economic Effects of Terrorism in Developing Countries: A Case of Kenya

Developing countries across the world have in the recent past become popular targets for terrorists and this has negatively impacted the performance of their social and economic development efforts. Based on its nature, terrorism is currently mainly categorized under international terrorism, domestic terrorism and transnational terrorism. Some of the causes of terrorism in developing countries include oppression from the ruling governments, ideological differences which include religious differences, poverty, as well as porous geographical borders which contribute to the growth of international terrorism. This paper will thus conceptualize the effects of terrorism in relation to social and economic growth in developing countries such as Nigeria, Somalia, Mali, Tanzania and Uganda, with specific reference to Kenya as the case study. Kenya has experienced sporadic terrorist attacks since the 1980s to date (January 2024) and these attacks have so far caused effects on the social and economic developments of Kenya as a developing country. This paper will highlight the types and causes of terrorism in Kenya and expound further on the effects of terrorism on social and economic developments in Kenya. This paper will be underpinned by the Henry Tajfel’s social identity theory of intergroup behaviour and discussed further under the theoretical framework.

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Coupling Coordination Analysis of Multiscale Social–Economic–Ecological Effects in Ecologically Vulnerable Areas Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of the Tuha Region, Xinjiang Province

Ecologically fragile areas are confronted with the contradiction between economic development and ecological protection, especially in the Tuha region (Turpan and Hami), where the extremely vulnerable ecological environment limits local sustainable development. To address this, this study utilizes POI (Point of Interest) data, land use, and socioeconomic statistical data to achieve spatial quantification of indicators on a kilometer grid scale, constructing a multi-factor, multi-dimensional evaluation system for the socioeconomic and ecological effects of sustainable development based on SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals). The entropy method, comprehensive evaluation method, coupling coordination degree model, and geographical detector method are used to analyze the coupling relationships between systems at different scales and the factors influencing the system’s coupling coordination degree. The results indicate that from 2010 to 2020, the economic, social, and ecological systems of the Tuha region, as well as their comprehensive scores, exhibited spatial similarity. The economic system showed an upward trend, the social system displayed an inverted U-shaped trend of rising then declining, while the ecological system presented a U-shaped trend of declining then increasing. At the county scale, the coupling coordination degree closely approximates the trend of the comprehensive coordination index, showing a continuous upward trajectory. Compared with Turpan city, Hami city, especially Yizhou district, exhibits the best development in coupling coordination degree, while the growth in coupling coordination degree is most significant in Gaochang district. The main factors influencing the degree of coupling coordination are grain production and GDP (gross domestic product). This study provides a new perspective on the quantification of sustainable development indicators, which is of great significance for balancing economic and social development with ecological protection and promoting the coupled and coordinated development of society, economy, and ecology in ecologically fragile areas.

Modelling the future climate impacts on hydraulic infrastructure development in tropical (peri-)urban region: Case of Kigali, Rwanda

The current global climate has shown a significant change, mostly resulting from human-induced activities. Frequent experiences of extreme rainstorms, deadly landslides, and floods followed by the destruction of roads, bridges, drainage, buildings, agriculture, and other infrastructures have been appearing across the globe along with extensive socio-economic effects including human lives losses whereby tropical Africa is among the greatly affected regions. Several studies in the region acclaim the increase of climate-related extremes due to a gradual climate variation. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate how existing water structures might respond to the future climate, which is getting more severe and frequent in the region. The study was conducted on the Nyabugogo River catchment (NRC), covering a huge part of the Kigali metropolitan area. It was carried out through a downscaled global climate model (CMIP6 GCM) projection coupled with a joint SWAT + hydrological model and HEC-RAS hydrodynamic simulation. The study showed that the annual precipitation in Kigali might keep increasing, resulting in increased risks of extreme weather events. The study identified up to 38% (+514.9 mm) annual precipitation increment, which resulted in more than a doubled flow rate (+28.0 m3/s) increment by the end of the century under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario (ssp585). As a result, hydrodynamic simulations revealed that the Bridge-1 in NRC might fail to accommodate the 50-year return peak storm under ssp585. Henceforth, there is a need to adopt high GHG emission scenarios in critical infrastructure development. Further, enforcing green-grey infrastructures in flood risk-low resilient areas is recommended to improve climate resilience. Thus, the results of this study might prove useful in climate-resilient infrastructure development and other pre-emptive adaptation practices, most importantly building anticipated resilience against climate-related hazards.

When the goose stops laying golden eggs: supervening loss of trust in long-term contracts under the PICC

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the supervening loss of inter-organisational trust in long-term commercial contracts. The underlying research question is whether contract law – the legal institution regulating economic exchanges – should intervene and enable a party to a long-term commercial contract to extricate itself from a situation where a relationship of trust has broken down irretrievably. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses doctrinal methodology and theoretical conceptualisation to answer the underlying research question. The legal instrument chosen for analysis purposes is the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts. This paper also draws on extant literature on inter-organisational trust (including conceptual and empirical studies) to support the arguments and propositions. Furthermore, this study proceeds to assess the substantive justifiability of the proposed remedial measure using four normative values: legal certainty and predictability, protection of the performance interest, economic efficiency and the preservation of the relation. Findings The central argument put forward in this paper is the reformulation of draft Article 6.3.1 proposed by the UNIDROIT Working Group on Long-Term Contracts, which confers a novel right to terminate for a compelling reason. This paper presents a multidimensional model of inter-organisational trust that would serve as the conceptual framework for the proposed reformulation of the provision and establishes a coherent juridical basis for the legal solution that would accord with the Principles of International Commercial Contracts’ general remedial scheme. As for the normative assessment, this paper demonstrates that the proposed remedial measure would significantly promote efficient outcomes and positively serve the norms of legal certainty, protection of the performance interest and the preservation of the relation. Originality/value This paper addresses the lacuna in current legal scholarship in relation to the adverse socio-economic effects following trust violation and deterioration in inter-organisational relationships. Additionally, the propositions and findings should contribute to the workings of the UNIDROIT in adopting new rules and principles that would serve the special requirements of cross-border trade.

Automation’s Impact on Agriculture: Opportunities, Challenges, and Economic Effects

Automation and robotics are the key players in modern agriculture. They offer potential solutions for challenges related to the growing global population, demographic shifts, and economic status. This review paper evaluates the challenges and opportunities of using new technologies and the often-missed link between automation technology and agricultural economics. Through a systematic analysis of the literature, this study explores the potential of automation and robotics in farming practices, as well as their socio-economic effects, and provides strategic recommendations for those involved. For this purpose, various types of robots in different fields of agriculture and the technical feasibility and challenges of using automation have been discussed. Other important factors, including demographic shifts, labor market effects, and economic considerations, have been analyzed. Furthermore, this study investigates the social effects of automation, particularly in terms of employment and workforce adaptation. It finds that, while automation boosts productivity and sustainability, it also causes labor displacement and demands considerable technological investment. This thorough investigation fills a crucial gap by assessing economic sustainability, labor market evolution, and the future of precision agriculture. It also charts a course for further research and policy-making at the intersection of agricultural technology and socio-economic fields and outlines a future roadmap for further research and policy.