Socio-cultural Problems Research Articles

Informal intercultural communication in the Arctic region

The specifics of the situation in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) give rise to the need to update the intercultural policy, which can serve as a response to the challenges of ethnic diversity. The issue is discussed in the framework of cultural sustainability of the Arctic development. The potential of intercultural communication for increasing sustainability in the context of changes in the Arctic region is considered. The solution to this problem will indicate the key role that informal intercultural communication should play in the context of civil society in the education and integration of citizens living in an international environment. The topic of the article corresponds to the priority area of research in the ethno-social and ethno-cultural development of the northern (Arctic) territories, as well as in the field of preservation and development of cultures of the North-East of the Russian Federation in the context of globalization processes. The implementation of the main concepts of this article is of great importance for solving various socio-cultural problems of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), including those related to education, interethnic relations and integration. The results of the study will help to identify ways and prerequisites for the effective use of informal intercultural communication. This kind of communication will be aimed at the integration of migrants into society, as well as promote more profound and extended intercultural interaction with the indigenous residents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

Facilitators and inhibitors of Lean Service 5.0: an assessment from the knowledge waste management perspective

Purpose This paper aims to identify the facilitators and inhibitors of Lean Service 5.0 from a knowledge management perspective. Design/methodology/approach First, it was conducted a systematic literature review based on the systematic search flow method of Ferenhof and Fernandes (2016), and finally, the authors conducted a content analysis based on Bardin (2011). Findings A total of five facilitators were found in the literature: digital transformation, structured communication flow, top management commitment, training and team commitment; and four inhibitors, among them: sociocultural problems, limited knowledge, negative impacts of top management commitment and lack of integration between technologies, that interfere at knowledge management. Based on the findings, a framework that correlates facilitators and inhibitors of Lean Service 5.0 by the knowledge management view was constructed. Research limitations/implications The systematic review conducted is not limited to one specific area of service sectors and/or research area. The content analysis can present limitations of content in the function of disponibility and detailment of information presented in the paper analyzed. Practical implications The findings in this research and the framework developed allow to provide support to people managers and decision-makers at organizations, in other to formulate strategies to encourage Knowledge Management in service organizations, as well as mitigate inhibitors to the adoption of Lean Service 5.0 in organizations. Furthermore, the findings of this study can provide support to develop procedures, techniques and metrics for the maturity of Lean Service 5.0 from a Knowledge Management perspective. Social implications The findings point that people management and culture development turned to continuous improvement by the dissemination of knowledge has been shown as a key element to the success of Lean Service 5.0. Thus, the development of people skills to explicit knowledge is a crucial factor in dealing with inhibitors of lean management in service organizations. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that identifies facilitators and inhibitors to adopting and managing Lean Service 5.0 from a knowledge management view; besides, presents a framework to guide service professionals in the implementation and maintenance of Lean Service 5.0.

Determinants of non-testing for HIV among women during antenatal care follow up in sub-saharan Africa: a hierarchical analysis of recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets

IntroductionHIV/AIDS is a global public health concern that is closely related to other sociocultural problems. The prevention of mother to child transmission cascade often begins with and is integrated into antenatal care in order to ensure a high rate of case detection and optimal treatment coverage. Although guidelines suggest that all pregnant women should have HIV testing as part of their regular screening checks during antenatal care, a significant proportion of pregnant women were not tested for HIV during antenatal care follow-up in sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing the determinants of women not tested for HIV during antenatal care follow-up in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the determinants of non-testing for HIV among women as part of antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa, utilizing secondary data from the 2015–2022 Demographic and Health Surveys. The study included a weighted sample of 788,421 women who had antenatal care follow-up during their most recent pregnancy within five years preceding the survey. A multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants of non-testing for HIV among these women. The adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the associations between the outcome and explanatory variables. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value of less than 0.05.ResultThe hierarchical analysis of this study identified several significant factors associated with women not being tested for HIV during antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa. These factors include young age, low or no education, not being in a union, unemployment, and low household wealth index. Additionally, limited media exposure, stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV, male-headed households, and rural residence were significant at the individual and household levels. At the community level, low media exposure and high illiteracy rates were significant, while at the country level, high fertility rates and low literacy rates were also associated with lower rates of HIV testing during antenatal care.ConclusionThis study identified significant individual, community, and country-level factors associated with women not testing for HIV during antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa. Key factors include young age, low education, unemployment, not being in a union, low household wealth, limited media exposure, stigmatizing attitudes towards people living with HIV, male household head, rural residence, low community media exposure, high community illiteracy, high fertility rates, and low literacy rates. These findings highlight the need for targeted, context-specific interventions to improve HIV testing rates and enhance maternal and child health outcomes in the region.

MODERN FORMS OF RATIONALITY: PROBLEMS OF FORMATION, DEFINITION AND STRUCTURISATION

Discussions of the past thirty years about the crisis of rationality in dialogue with the ideas of the turn of the 21st century have revealed a range of key aspects centred around the concept of “open rationality” and reflection on the emerging “philosophy of transdisciplinarity”. The article emphasises the immutability of the existential component in the understanding and implementation of “real rationality”, taking into account the modern focus of the problem of rationality as a discursive (theoretical thematisation and conflict of interpretations) and instrumental one (effectiveness of solving particular problems). The reproduction of meanings and the realisation of existential content in the dynamics of the formation of modern rationality is of decisive importance for resolving the crisis of rationality as a sociocultural problem, as well as building a range of opportunities specific for various situations to follow a critical- reflexive strategy, a person’s creative “inclusion” in the world, combining freedom of will with conscious necessity.

Ideas of physical education of the younger generation in works of classic writers of Russian literature of the XIX - early XX centuries

The upbringing of the younger generation as one of the urgent socio-cultural problems of mankind described in the works of thinkers of Antiquity, the Renaissance and Enlightenment by foreign and domestic authors of the 19th-20th centuries. In the paradigm of the upbringing of the younger generation the emphasis is on a comprehensively developed personality that embodies the unity of the spiritual, intellectual and physical principles. The subject of research is the ideas of physical education of the younger generation, reflected in the storylines of the works of art of the Russian literature classics. The purpose of the study is to actualize the ideas of physical education reflected in the works of Russian classics of the 19th - early 20th centuries, in the context of the problem of harmonious personal development. The used methodology of the interdisciplinary approach determines the inclusion in the study of an analysis of examples from the works of L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, I. A. Bunin, A. I. Kuprin, G. I. Uspensky, V. V. Nabokov, etc. illustrating the reflection of the phenomenon of physical culture and sports in Russian literature. The author concludes that the texts of works of art reflect an understanding of the positive impact of physical education and sports on the comprehensive harmonious development of the individual, and therefore the experience of the past can be considered as positive. In educational institutions of prerevolutionary Russia, as well as in noble families, the issues of physical education and the development of the younger generation were of great importance in the formation of the need for a healthy lifestyle, active leisure, and health promotion.

Actualization of Indonesian Economic and Cultural Development Reviewed from Ibn Khaldun's Thoughts

The problem of poverty in Indonesia is very complex which can trigger economic and socio-cultural problems, namely that there is a poor population of 9.36 percent. This indicates that prosperity has not been achieved in economic development in Indonesia. Ibnu Khaldun explained that a developed country is determined by the strength of the government implementing sharia and justice which is implicitly in accordance with the ideals of national development in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to analyze the actualization of Indonesia's economic development in terms of Ibnu Khaldun's thoughts. The research method used is qualitative library research sourced from secondary data using library research techniques from Muqaddimah books, journal articles and various kinds of relevant library materials which are then analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The results of this research are that Indonesia's economic development has not yet achieved economic and socio-cultural balance as stated by Ibnu Khaldun. This is based on an imbalance between state revenues and government expenditure. The high taxes imposed on the public cannot yet be directly proportional to state spending which should be able to reduce inequality, poverty and so on, especially in underdeveloped areas.

Violence against Women within Italian and European Context: Italian “Pink Code”—Major Injuries and Forensic Expertise of a Socio-Cultural Problem: A Narrative Review

Background: Violence against women or other vulnerable individuals is a serious violation of human rights and a global public health issue representing a significant “problem of enormous global health proportions”. Violence against women is an endemic phenomenon; the numbers are very high, highlighting the severity and urgency of the problem. Methods: We conducted this research by examining the field of violence against women. Our analysis involved reviewing papers published between 2018 and December 2023, which were identified through electronic database searches. Out of a total of 136 papers initially identified, we considered 71 documents. Results: This research highlights the global nature of violence against women, including psychological assessments of harm, as a socio-cultural problem and underlines the more common injuries. Conclusions: We examined how the presence of forensic experts can be beneficial in identifying and evaluating injuries, as well as reconstructing the dynamics of the events, particularly for judicial purposes.

Edukasi Dampak Lingkungan Kegiatan Migas di Kelurahan Sungai Pakning Kecamatan Bukit Batu Kabupaten Bengkalis

On the one hand, the existence of the oil and gas industry is needed by humans, such as for the country’s energy and foreign exchange needs,however, on the other hand, oil and gas industry activities also have great potential to pollute the environment, such as pollution of water, soil, air, and disruption of flora and fauna biodiversity. The negative impact of oil and gas activities can certainly lead to the problems such as health, economic and socio-cultural problems which will lead to community conflict. Environmental management is very necessary so that the existence of the oil and gas industry can provide benefits and welfare for humans. Knowledge about the environmental impacts is evoked from upstream oil and gas activities is very important, because communities around oil and gas operation areas will feel both direct and indirect impacts from these oil and gas activities. Especially in remote areas or inland areas where there is still a lack of information about the potential environmental impacts of oil and gas activities. Thus, education and counseling are very necessary for communities around oil and gas working areas so that they receive information and enlightenment about the potential environmental impacts resulting from oil and gas activities. The target of community service activities is the society of Sungai Pakning Village, Bukit Batu District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province. The issue faced was during a location survey in Sungai Pakning sub-district, Bukit Batu sub-district, Bengkalis regency, and information from the Head of Sungai Pakning sub-district, that there was still a lack of public knowledge about the environmental impacts of oil and gas activities, so it was necessary to provide education and outreach on the environmental impacts of oil and gas in Sungai Pakning sub-district. Bukit Batu District. The solution offered by the community service proposing team is to provide material regarding knowledge of the environmental impacts resulting from oil and gas operations. The approach taken was in the form of observation, discussion and question and answer with a group of partners, formulating problems and providing solutions to problems. The results achieved by this activity are that the Sungai Apit sub-district community gained knowledge about the environmental impacts resulting from oil and gas operations and CSR programs which undertaken by PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional (PT KPI) Sungai Pakning Refinery Unit.

Socio- Cultural Challenges for Widows: A Case Study in district Lahore, Punjab

This research study focuses on the socio-cultural problems faced by widows in the district of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, and the current causes of their defame helplessness and disdainful status while living in their own community and facing barriers. The stigma around widows played a significant role in their marginalization within society and the community. This limited the widow’s views and caused her to be destitute in life. We used a purposeful sampling method in this qualitative research study. We collected information from the twenty respondents through in-depth interviews. The aim of the in-depth interview is to address the socio-cultural problems posed by widows in Lahore. The respondents’ widows were of lower socio-economic status. The results of the study show that a widow is waiting for a new challenge every day; however, widows do have some opportunities like financial assistance and skill development through government institutions as well as the private sector. They become victims of stereotypical ideas and face many social and cultural problems, such as violence, family indifference, poverty, depression, etc. A widow is fighting for her freedom, but there is no awareness. This study proposed potential strategies to tackle the social and cultural issues faced by widows, including raising media awareness through drama and setting up an economic package system for widows.

DELEGATION OF A DRIVER TO THE TERRITORY OF POLAND: MAIN ASPECTS AND PROBLEMS

In this scientific article, the main aspects and problems related to the process of delegation of drivers to the territory of Poland from a third country are investigated and analyzed. The study focuses on a thorough analysis of the legal, economic and socio-cultural context that defines this process. The article examines the impact of Polish legislation on delegation mechanisms, and also highlights important aspects of the efficiency and security of this process. Additional emphasis is placed on interaction between motor carriers and delegated drivers, as well as on solving possible challenges and problems that arise before the above-mentioned subjects of this process. The article provides practical recommendations for improving the management of delegated personnel and ensuring the effective functioning of this process in the context of the Polish labor market. This study can be useful for Ukrainian trucking companies, academics and legislators interested in improving the system of delegation of workers and solving related challenges. Poland, as a member state of the European Union and a strategic hub of transport routes, plays an important role in the system of international transportation. However, despite these advantages, there are numerous problems faced by drivers and companies carrying out delegation to the territory of Poland from a third country. The article analyzes the basic aspects, challenges and socio-cultural problems that are directly related to the delegation of the driver to the above-mentioned country. On the basis of this analysis, the Ukrainian truck carrier is offered specific algorithms to solve this problem.

Utilizing Science and Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah in Resolving Contemporary Issues of Islamic Family Law

Contemporary ijtihad is required in the formulation of new formulas, such as legal protection of the rights of children outside marriage whose biological father is known. Reformulation of Jurisprudence as an analysis of Islamic law must be able to answer socio-cultural problems in the modern era, such as proof of the use of DNA as genealogy. An adaptive formulation of Jurisprudence on contemporary cases by combining science and Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah is analyzed in this article. The resolution of Islamic law by referring to the opinions of the Four Madhhabs of Jurisprudence needs to be approached or juxtaposed with science. A correct understanding of the values contained in the sharia and the application of Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah are indispensable in contemporary ijtihad so that the face of Jurisprudence can dialect with the times. So that the determination of lineage by DNA can be used as a legal reference that is adaptive to science and in accordance with the great objectives of Maqaṣid al-Shari'ah.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa Dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Pemanfaatan Dana Desa

Regulations in the history of Village regulation, starting with the establishment of regulations regarding Villages, namely the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, have given new enthusiasm to the community who have sometimes been spectators in development in the region. The community is given the authority to recognize their rights of origin (recognition), determine local scale authority and make local decisions for the benefit of the village community (subsidiarity), diversity, togetherness, mutual cooperation, kinship, deliberation, democracy, independence, participation, equality, empowerment and sustainability. In its implementation, especially regarding, among other things, the position of customary law communities, democratization, diversity, community participation, as well as progress and equitable development, there are still shortcomings, giving rise to disparities between regions, poverty, and socio-cultural problems that can disrupt the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, becoming an issue that interesting. This research method is a quantitative method with an explanatory research type. The sampling technique is systematic rondom sampling using an ordinal method, to determine the influence of each variable using the product mom hypothesis test, showing that there is an influence of the village head's leadership and community participation on the utilization of village funds.

Financing and Successful Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprise Development in Nigeria

This study explored entrepreneurial development as it relates to micro, small and medium-size enterprises (MSMEs) development in Nigeria. The evolution of entrepreneurship which is regarded as “an engine for growth” is being viewed from the perspective of economic, sociological, political, psychological, and composite perspectives. Entrepreneurial development in Nigeria is observed to be hampered by some factors including financing, management, infrastructure inadequacy, socio-cultural problems, strategic planning problems, multiple taxation, and unstable policy environment. In averting these problems to stir entrepreneurial spirit, this study suggested that Nigeria needs to resort to the 1999 United Nations work plan on National Enterprise Promotion Agency; plus, establishment of an anchor scheme to bring together MSMEs and provide capacity building and training programs on subjects such as corporate governance and having correct documentation in place to obtain credit.

ФЕНОМЕН ФЭНТЕЗИ: КАК ЖАНР СТАЛ ОДНИМ ИЗ СТОЛПОВ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

In the 20th century, a new artistic genre, fantasy, separated from science fiction and gained independence. Many cultural figures began to turn to the aesthetic ideals of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the European Renaissance, which, in turn, became a synthetic ideological basis for the formation of a new genre. This article analyzes the specifics of the fantasy genre and its place in modern mass culture. The main paths of development of the fantasy genre from the early 20th century to the early 21st century are defined and analyzed, which combines the syncretism of traditional trends of the aristocratic epic, historical novel and folklore. Scenarios for the transformation of modern fantasy industries into a tool for proclaiming, visualizing and studying complex themes of morality and identity are also explored. The genre fully reflects the palette of modern socio-cultural problems,and its global popularity largely contributes to intercultural exchange. Of particular interest are works that have a literary source and subsequent adaptation (film, video game), using which their artistic dynamics can be traced. The results of the studyoffer new views on modern intercultural interaction. A comprehensive cultural approach to the study of fantasy allows us to go beyond the narrow framework of such an art form as literature and trace its active and successful expansion into various spheresof culture: cinema, anime and computer games.

AN ARTICLE BY MAKATIANI E. BURACHE THE BIDAKHO’S CONCEPT OF A PERSON

The historical development of European thought and some African scholars’ concept of a person has led to a philosophical dogmatic fallacy. The error consists in the misrepresentation and in non-exhaustive definition of a person and the lack of environment as a necessity. This lack of a proper exhaustive definition of a person has led to social discrimination, socio-cultural stratification and classification of people, indignity of human life and negative exploitation of natural resources. This expose unearths the bidakho’s process metaphysics and creativity based on a concept of a person from conception to natural death and the environment in whom a person must live. The article underscores a fact that a proper definition of a person can solve socio-cultural problems, promote and defend human life as well as minimize negative effects of environmental degradation. It is qualitative in approach that applies phenomenology, critical analytical, and rational approaches or methods. It establishes that a proper definition of a person and bwidakho requires the inclusivity of metaphysical, cosmological and ontological perspectives of reality to solve contemporary socio-cultural and environmental issues and promotion of human life. This will lead to respecting of human beings at various level of biological growth, promote sanctity of human life, reduction of global warming and minimize climate change. The work is a viable source of reference for students and scholars of philosophy; those in-charge of the common good in the society and enhances bidakho’s contribution to philosophy.

Fundamental Ethics of P. A. Kropotkin and L. N. Tolstoy and the “New Ethics” of Postmodernism

The purpose of this article is to analyze the moral and ethical concepts of Kropotkin and Tolstoy, that became the fundamental ethics of Russian social thought in the early twentieth century. The significance of these ethics is essential for the resolution of contemporary socio-cultural problems pressing on Russian statehood in the post-Soviet era. The crisis in the spiritual sphere of Russian society has forced the issues of preserving traditional values through legislative acts and decrees. The aim of this study is to identify the cultural and philosophical foundations of ethical concepts of Russian thinkers using established paradigmatic approaches. The division of ethics into fundamental and applied, i.e. professionally oriented, is the methodological basis of our study. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that the thesis of super-relevance of Kropotkin’s and Tolstoy’s fundamental ethics today in the context of the crisis of traditional values that has embraced the whole post-Soviet space, including Russia, is argued. One of the leading developers of the concept was the postmodernist Michel Foucault, who argued that freedom is an ontological condition of ethics. Ethics is the form that freedom takes in different socioeconomic and political contexts. The general conclusion is that the main line for the ethical outlook of Kropotkin and Tolstoy was their social sharpening, which today can be seen as the antithesis of postmodernist values. For Kropotkin, the social orientation of ethics was ensured by the universality of the principle of mutual help and support in Nature and Society. For Tolstoy, it is rationalistically justified and based on the principles of solidarity and justice, based on the Christian precepts of the beatitudes. Tolstoy’s moral utilitarianism rested on the idea of the universality of the principle of non-violence in social life, on the philosophy of the social good.

Sustainable tourism as an effort to preserve culture and environment in Udjo Ecoland, Cimenyan, Bandung Regency

Mass tourism is an industrial sector that drives economic development significantly but causes many environmental and socio-cultural problems. This is clearly illustrated in Cimenyan, where land conversion for tourism development causes environmental damage and social problems. This research aims to analyze the entity of Udjo Ecoland as a tourism product and its elaboration in the framework of sustainable tourism as an effort to preserve the environment and culture. Qualitative descriptive analysis method was used to get a comprehensive and in-depth picture. Data were obtained from primary sources in the form of field observations and interviews and secondary data in the form of literature review. The results showed that Udjo Ecoland had all four components of tourism destinations (4A) and fulfilled the three pillars of sustainable tourism. The presence of Udjo Ecoland then gradually leads to efforts to preserve culture and environment by forming a new culture that elaborates noble values into a sustainable tourism framework and builds community awareness to create independence with an environmental perspective. Through sustainable tourism management, Udjo Ecoland has succeeded in making a positive contribution to environmental damage and social problems in Cimenyan as an effort to preserve culture and environment.

Гендер в фокусе социокультурных проблем антиутопического общества

Гендер в фокусе социокультурных проблем антиутопического общества

Urgent Social and Cultural Issues and Attitudes in the European Union Countries

The purpose of the article is to consider the issue of multiculturalism policy in the European Union countries, as well as current socio-cultural problems and attitudes caused by migration and economic and social processes. The study analyses the influence of historical processes on the formation of ethnic groups, which, in the subsequent formation of European countries and their consolidation into the European Union, played and continue to play an essential role in the matter of regional politics. The study confirms that unsuccessful attempts to integrate immigrants into European society led to the aggravation of relations between the native population of European states and immigrants, growth of anti-immigrant sentiments and mass protests of Europeans against the national governments' migration policies.

Spontaneous Hierotopia in Modern Myth-Making: The Case of Arkaim

The phenomenon of spontaneous hierotopia is considered as a process of spontaneous sacralization of places, which, according to the participants of this activity, have supernatural properties. Its development is conditioned, on the one hand, by the effect of the image of the sacred rooted in the cultural consciousness, on the other hand, by modern socio-cultural problems, in relation to which spontaneous hierotopia acts as a compensating factor. This phenomenon has insufficiently reflected positive potential embodied in a set of vital functions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the peculiarities of spontaneous hierotopia, which expresses the real needs of the subjects involved in this activity, who act outside the institutional systems, including confessional ones. Therefore, their cultural creation is characterized by eclecticism and bricolage way of creating sacred artefacts, which is typical for spontaneous myth — making in general.The autonomy and uncontrollability of this phenomenon to the generally accepted institutional systems generates a sharply critical reaction from secular (scientific) and religious (traditional-confessional) authorities. The analysis shows the lack of objectivity of such criticism: claims to the unscientific nature of spontaneous hierotopia are unfounded due to the fact that it is based on mythological imagination; the inconsistency with canonical attitudes is an irreversible consequence of personal and creative situational construction of sacred objects.Concretization of the peculiarities of spontaneous hierotopia, made on the example of the archeological monument Arkaim, allowed to reveal the main regularities of the process of spontaneous sacralization and to establish the urgency of the problems reflected in it. Specific features of the formation of sacralized loci are analyzed. The special atmosphere of tolerance, peacefulness and positive interaction inherent in such places due to the totality of their subjective and objective properties is characterized.