Societal Perceptions Research Articles

Taxpayer Perception and Income Tax Filing Compliance among Small Taxpayers in Mbarara City

Purpose: This study is about establishing the relationship between taxpayer perception and income tax filing compliance among small taxpayers in Mbarara city. The study is driven by the fact that despite Uganda Revenue Authority’s efforts to improve tax compliance, income tax filing compliance is still low among small taxpayers in Uganda in general and Mbarara city in particular.
 Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 33,979 small taxpayers in Mbarara city out of which 31,324 were individual taxpayers while 2,655 were non-individual taxpayers. The sample size included 380 respondents out of which 350 were individual taxpayers while 30 were non-individual taxpayers. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents from each of the six divisions of Mbarara city. A questionnaire method was employed in data collection where self-administered 5-point Likert type questionnaire with a Content Validity Index (CVI) of .91 and a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of .86 was used in data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 where correlation coefficients were generated and presented in a table.
 Findings: Results from the correlation analysis revealed that taxpayer perception was positively and significantly related to income tax filing compliance (r=.715**, p<0.05). The study concludes that efforts aimed at improving taxpayer perceptions play a significant role in improving income tax filing compliance.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends a need for the government and tax authorities, in this case, Uganda Revenue Authority to put in place strategies and programs aimed at changing individual perceptions, social understanding and personal motivations regarding income tax filing. Some of these strategies include intensifying tax education and outreach services of the mobile tax office ‘Tujenge Bus Services’ to all locations; introducing basic tax education at earlier stages of formal education such that citizens are informed about their future obligations to file income tax returns; translating all information about income tax filing in different local languages and publishing the same in print format for public access at no cost; and recruiting more tax agents within Mbarara city who can assist small taxpayers in income tax filing at a reasonable fee. The assumptions of the Motivational Posturing Theory could also be relevant in assisting the tax authorities to change the personal and societal perceptions about income tax filing and motivate them to willingly comply with their filing obligations. The study has significant implications for policy making as it identifies a need for government and tax authorities to establish policies and offer incentives and motivational postures that prioritize voluntary compliance rather than introducing sanctions to enforce income tax filing compliance.

Redefining Arctic boundaries in a changing climate: interdisciplinary perspectives on governance strategies

ABSTRACT The Arctic rapidly transforms due to global warming and increased human activities, triggering complex changes at unprecedented speeds that challenge conventional institutional responses. We analyse these changes through the lenses of social, political, and environmental boundaries and investigate their impacts on both inhabitants' livelihoods and the region's political framework. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, we highlight the complexities of understanding the interplay among global, regional, and local dynamics in an era where human and non-human aspects are entwined. Our analysis concentrates on three areas: definition of the Arctic; legal disputes concerning the waters around the Svalbard Archipelago; evolving natural hazards and societal risk perceptions in Longyearbyen. Through these examples, we underscore the intricate nature of social, political, and ecological changes and how they challenge current boundary-making processes. By combining knowledge from different systems and scales, our research reveals the interplay between policy-driven science, science-influenced policy, and performative behaviors in reshaping today's Arctic borders and boundaries. We particularly emphasize how climate change is challenging borders and advocate for a departure from static definitions, towards the formulation of environmentally conscious, socially just, and politically viable policies, acknowledging the new biophysical realities of the Anthropocene.

Defining undergraduate medical students' physician identity: Learning from Indonesian experience

Introduction: Developing a professional identity involves understanding what it means to be a professional in a certain sociocultural context. Hence, defining the characteristics and/or attributes of a professional (ideal) physician is an important step in developing educational strategies that support professional identity formation. To date, there are still limited studies that explore undergraduate medical students’ professional identity. This study aimed to define the characteristics and/or attributes of an ideal physician from five first-year and three fourth-year undergraduate medical students. Methods: Qualitative case studies were conducted with eight undergraduate medical students from a private Catholic medical school in Jakarta, Indonesia. The study findings were generated from participants’ in-depth interviews using in vivo coding and thematic analysis. Findings were triangulated with supporting evidence obtained from classroom observations and faculty interviews. Results: First-year participants modeled their professional identities based on their memorable prior interactions with one or more physicians. They mainly cited humanistic attributes as a part of their professional identity. Fourth-year participants emphasised clinical competence and excellence as a major part of their professional identities, while maintaining humanistic and social responsibilities as supporting attributes. Several characteristics unique to Indonesian’s physician identity were ‘Pengayom’ and ‘Jiwa Sosial’. Conclusion: Study participants defined their professional identities based on Indonesian societal perceptions of physicians, prior interactions with healthcare, and interactions with medical educators during formal and informal learning activities. Keywords: Professional Identity Formation, Indonesia Undergraduate Medical Students, Physician Identity

Sexual Experiences and Sexuality of Forensic Mental Health Patients - A Theoretical Framework

IntroductionSexuality and sexual experiences in forensic mental health patients are intricate issues at the crossroads of mental health, legal contexts, and societal perceptions. Forensic mental health patients, situated within the criminal justice system, require psychiatric treatment due to offenses committed. Understanding their sexual behaviors, experiences, and attitudes towards sexuality is pivotal for effective therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation. Various factors influence the sexuality of forensic mental health patients. Mental health disorders impact an individual’s sexual expression, and medications used to treat these conditions may affect libido, sexual functioning, and arousal patterns, posing challenges in their sexual experiences.ObjectivesAddressing the sexual needs and experiences of these individuals requires a comprehensive approach. Mental health professionals must create safe and non-judgmental spaces for patients to openly discuss their sexual concerns. Therapeutic interventions should focus on facilitating healthy sexual expression and providing education on consent, healthy relationships, and understanding boundaries. Forensic mental health professionals often receive specialized training to address the complex intersection of sexuality and mental health within legal contexts. Navigating ethical and legal boundaries while providing support to these individuals is crucial, ensuring that interventions align with legal regulations and ethical standards. Rehabilitation programs in forensic mental health facilities should integrate sex education and relationship-building skills to help patients develop a healthy understanding of sexuality. These programs aim to reduce reoffending and support the reintegration of individuals into society by promoting responsible and respectful sexual behaviors.MethodsThis study conducts a systematic literature review to comprehend the intricate nature of sexuality and sexual experiences among forensic mental health patients.ResultsResearch in this area faces limitations and ethical challenges due to the sensitivity of the topic. Ethical considerations, such as confidentiality and consent, must be meticulously addressed in studies and while providing care to this population.ConclusionsUnderstanding the sexuality and sexual experiences of forensic mental health patients is integral to their treatment and rehabilitation. It requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges the complexities these individuals face due to mental health conditions, personal histories, and the nature of their care environment. Tailored and comprehensive support can promote healthier sexual behaviors, relationships, and overall well-being among this population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

IJCM_345A: Attitudes and Beliefs among Young Adults in Urban Meerut towards Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: About 70 % of mental disorders can be diagnosed prior to age 25 years and they comprise the single largest component of disease burden during the second decade of the life span. Globally, Depression is one of the leading causes of disability. WHO estimates that the burden of mental health problems in India is 2443 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 00 population. The economic loss due to mental health conditions, between 2012-2030, is estimated at USD 1.03 trillion. There has been an increased rise in the need for improved mental health literacy to address the complex issues surrounding mental well-being. Objective: To explore the attitudes and beliefs and its influencing factors among the young adults of urban Meerut towards Depression. Methodology: It is a community based cross-sectional study done among the 18-25 years age group residents of urban Meerut. The sample size was calculated to be 188 which was rounded off to 190, at 95% confidence interval with 6.5% absolute precision following a prevalence of 29.04% from a similar type of study. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire designed based on National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Youth Boost Survey V5 by Anthony F. Jorm and Nicola Reavley. Results: In the current study, it was found that about 32.6% (62) of the study participants did not consider depression as a real medical illness. However, it was seen that majority i.e. 90.0% (171) had believed that if that sharing with the close family/friends could help in recovering from depression. Conclusion: By promoting accurate education, responsible media portrayals, personal storytelling, and community engagement towards developing positive public attitudes towards mental health conditions will hold significant power in influencing societal perceptions, shaping interactions, and impacting the well-being of individuals.

Medical science and pedophilia: Knowledge, discourses, and representations of pedophilia in medical books from 1910 to 1990 in a Brazilian public library

Pedophilia is defined as a multifaceted and complex phenomenon associated with various domains of knowledge. This article investigates the representation of pedophilia in medical literature from 1910 to 1990, focusing on a Brazilian public library’s collection. Through documentary analysis, the study examines the evolution of medical discourse surrounding pedophilia and its impact on societal perceptions. Medical ideas about pedophilia and pedophile in the twentieth century were constructed upon concepts of pathology, perversion, and crime. However, the findings also reveal a shifting understanding of pedophilia over the examined period, transitioning from moral deviation to a complex psychological phenomenon. Initially framed as a moral issue, pedophilia gradually came to be understood within the realms of clinical psychology and psychiatry, highlighting the interplay between medical discourse and societal attitudes. In conclusion, this research elucidates the intricate relationship between medical discourse and societal perceptions of pedophilia. By acknowledging historical shifts and current challenges, policymakers and practitioners can develop more informed strategies for addressing pedophilia and safeguarding children and adolescents.

Narratives of Compulsory Heterosexuality Struggles of Filipino Lesbians in the Selected Poems from Tingle: Anthology of Pinay Lesbian Writings

Utilizing Adrienne Rich's concept of compulsory heterosexuality, this research investigates narratives and struggles of Filipina lesbians as depicted in selected poems from "Tingle: Anthology of Pinay Lesbian Writings." Rich's theory, which describes heterosexuality as a social imperative and not an option available to women, can serve as a critical lens to understand Filipino literature more fully. This research exposes the profound effect of Rich's conception of society on the lived experiences of LGBTQIA+ community members in the Philippines. Through careful investigation using qualitative content analysis, themes of social pressure, economic dependence, and compulsory heterosexuality become evident. The findings underlined the urgency of acknowledging and challenging these deeply entrenched struggles, drawing attention to the potential damage imposed by societal norms and perceptions that persist over time. The conclusion of this research calls for greater inclusivity, representation, and support of the LGBTQIA+ community. Institutions across various sectors should actively foster understanding, acceptance, and celebration of diverse narratives to enrich the human experience.

Language attitudes: sociolinguistic aspect

Language attitudes are pivotal in shaping spheres of language use, impacting language change and policy. They reflect how communities perceive and value languages, influencing language choice, education, and social interactions. Studies on language attitudes explore preferences in language instruction, societal perceptions, and the potential for language discrimination. Positive attitudes can elevate language prestige, while negative ones may contribute to language decline. Loyalty to a language or a variety can resist influences from a dominant language, especially if a minority language prestige is high. The article comprises reviews on ‘language attitudes’ as a term, an overview of the history of research on the perceptions of a language, analysis of related changes occurring among speakers. The objective of the article is to provide a forecast for the future fate of Karelian, Kalmyk, and Yakut languages by analyzing language attitudes. The focus of the study was on the perceptions of a language held by members of a speech community, i.e., those who have no command of the studied language, as these perceptions were deemed highly significant. When the overall sentiment toward a language is positive, and speech community members recognize the importance of having at least a basic proficiency in it, the prospects for the language's growth appear promising. Such favorable attitudes may lead speech community members to actively encourage language study among their children or grandchildren or even decide to learn the language themselves later in life, creating a potentially fertile environment for a language to flourish.

Forces of energy welfare in Central Europe: The Russian war in Ukraine as a game changer

The Russian war in Ukraine has changed global geopolitical priorities and the policies of individual countries. The consequences of this ongoing war will be felt for decades to come, including the militarisation of states and the strengthening of political-military alliances. This article explores the effects of this conflict through the lens of energy welfare, which is used as an essential litmus test for the transforming economies of the Visegrad Group (V4) countries in Central Europe. Energy security and the energy transition have become critical topics, and energy security and its impact on social welfare affect the sensitive areas of policy choices that will determine the direction of development in this part of Europe. The V4 countries – Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary – illustrate a wide range of domestic and geopolitical orientations that place individual countries in different decision-making situations. The ideological and political forces determine the scope for achieving energy welfare and are, therefore, the subject of this article. Based on macroeconomic and survey data results, the article’s primary research query examines how the V4 countries’ reliance on Russian fossil fuels affects their political attitudes and societal perceptions of the conflict in Ukraine, and the implications for their energy security and welfare in the face of the European Green Deal efforts. The different strategies adopted by the four countries considered translate into energy transition pathways to a low carbon economy described in the European Green Deal and strategies to provide energy at a reasonable price at the expense of a coherent European policy towards Russian aggression.

Determinants, Motivators and Barriers for Utilitarian Cycling in Starter Cities: Case of Battaramulla, Sri Lanka

In the 1960s, a counter-cultural movement promoting utilitarian bicycle usage emerged in Europe and North America, challenging the dominance of cars, and advocating for sustainable urban mobility. despite the emergence of this movement, many developing cities have low cycling modal share and encounter obstacles in promoting utilitarian cycling. This study delves into workers attitudes toward using bicycles as an alternative mode of transportation. Employing a Binary logistic regression model and incorporating the Relative Importance Index (RII), the research identifies key determinants of utilitarian cycling. The findings highlight significant community willingness (71%) to bike to work, despite perceived barriers. Safety concerns (RII - 0.88) and environmental factors (RII = 0.60), such as rain and heat, emerge as prominent deterrents. Societal perceptions linking cycling to lower social status (vanity) (RII = 0.35), bicycle affordability (RII = 0.35), and work-related factors (RII = 0.48), such as non-cycle-friendly work attire and insufficient office parking safety, play relatively minor roles in discouraging bicycle use. Using the logistic regression model, the study predicts factors influencing the willingness to use bicycles for utilitarian transportation, revealing negative impacts from the absence of cycling infrastructure, motor traffic, rainy weather, and a lack of a cycling community.

Exploring stigmatization in digital newspaper coverage of substance use disorder

Substance use disorder is a global health issue that profoundly affects both individuals and societies. Social stigma acts as a significant barrier to treatment motivation. Mass media plays a substantial role in shaping societal perceptions. This study aims to identify stigmatizing attitudes in news narratives concerning substance use disorder as portrayed in digital newspapers. We examined news articles from the top eight national digital newspapers published during 2022 by using quantitative and retrospective content analysis. Following the review, we collected 1.233 news articles, removed 480 articles which were irrelevant or duplicate, and analyzed the remaining 753 articles using quantitative content analysis methods on SPSS 26.0. The majority of news articles depict substance use disorder in a negative consideration. The analysis revealed that nearly all news sources were news agencies and only 11% of the articles offered potential solutions. Alarmingly, 69.7% of the articles contained stigmatizing content, while 53.1% directly impacted the social lives of individuals with substance use disorder. Furthermore, 44.1% of the articles reinforced a dangerous perception associated with individuals with substance use disorder. To address these issues, we recommend a more empathetic portrayal of substance use disorder, support for help-seeking behavior, and advocacy for effective solutions in news coverage.

Attitudes and perceptions of rural youth towards agribusiness as a profession in a post-conflict context. Evidence from South-Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The global demographic dynamics with increasing numbers of young people will have varying socio-economic effects on low-income countries. The extreme poverty of young people, particularly in rural areas, is still much higher compared to the global average. Creating more and better jobs for young people is therefore an urgent priority of the century. Despite the recognized driving role of the agribusiness in economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction, there is evidence of a disengagement/disinterest of young people towards agribusiness. This study aimed to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of rural youth towards agribusiness as a profession career in South Kivu province. To deeply understand the complexity and cross-cutting nature of this issue, a systemic approach was used. A Likert-type questionnaire with a 5-points scale was used to conduct the survey among 456 rural youth aged 15 to 35 randomly selected using the Bernoulli Urn technique in Kabare, Walungu and Uvira territories. The study revealed that 53.5% of young people have a negative attitude towards agribusiness, 29.8% display a neutral attitude and only 16.7% of them show a positive attitude. 76.3% confirmed that they can only engage in agriculture when they have no other job. 77.6% declared that agribusiness cannot enable them to meet all their basic needs. After verifying the normality of the data, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, were used to compare the perception scores of the different groups analyzed. The study revealed a statistically significant difference in personal and societal perceptions scores between different age groups, between men and women, as well as between different education level groups. A statistically significant difference in the economic perceptions scores was observed only between the different survey areas.

The impacts of AI futurism: an unfiltered look at AI's true effects on the climate crisis

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of AI technologies on the climate crisis beyond their mere resource consumption. To critically examine this impact, I introduce the concept of AI futurism. With this term I capture the ideology behind AI, and argue that this ideology is inherently connected to the climate crisis. This is because AI futurism construes a socio-material environment overly fixated on AI and technological progress, to the extent that it loses sight of the existential threats ahead. In that way, the perceived significance of the planetary reality is softened, and the unsustainable paths charted by the AI industry remain opaque. To make this argument the paper unfolds in two main sections. (1) It delves into the ideology of AI futurism and its discursive impact on the societal perception of the climate crisis. (2) It employs a materialist perspective to elucidate the tangible effects of the AI industry on the climate crisis, and to show what is going on behind the façade of AI futurism. Adding to a critical theory of AI and the climate crisis, this paper starts a realistic conversation about the challenges posed by the intersection of these transformations.

Governing Urban Climate Resilience (UCR): Systems, Agents, and Institutions in Shanghai, China

Climate change and urbanization intersect with escalating danger. Urban areas significantly contribute to climate change, which, in turn, poses severe threats to urban settings. The frequency and intensity of extreme events, like flooding and heat, are rising, with the need to enhance urban climate resilience (UCR) becoming more immediate. Scholarship tends to underrepresent general climate resilience in favor of specific hazards. This research seeks to contribute to the literature by exploring the case of Shanghai, China, discovering the mechanisms and characteristics of UCR governance, and examining how these outcomes are formed from a comparative gesture. The findings indicate that in Shanghai, 36.8% and 26.8% of climate resilience governance strategies are reflected in regional management and infrastructure construction led by the Water Affairs Bureau and the Meteorological Bureau. Furthermore, 30.6% of the strategies relate to the Water Affairs Bureau, showcasing a robust and integrated flood response. Meanwhile, 15.7% involve the Meteorological Bureau, boosting responses to high temperatures with better monitoring and early warning for increased flexibility and efficiency. Distinct governance processes for floods and extreme heat mirror these hazards’ inherent characteristics and societal perceptions. With strong government willingness and support, Shanghai has rapidly enhanced its flood resilience capabilities within a brief timeframe. Conversely, addressing the emerging risk of extreme heat is still in the early stages of evaluation, due to the lack of a clear disaster-bearing system and identified responsible agents. This research suggests that the future of climate resilience governance in Shanghai may emphasize identifying the characteristics of critical climate-related risks, expanding social autonomy through grassroots self-governance, procuring economic backing from the central government, and applying the tool of urban spatial planning.

A Study on Consumer Behavior in Selection of Personal Care Products based on their Financial Status

This research delves into the labyrinth of consumer behaviour, dissecting the nuanced preferences in the realm of personal care product selection. Focusing on the pivotal influence of financial status, our study seeks to unravel the intricate tapestry of choices made by individuals across diverse economic backgrounds. From essential grooming items to indulgent self-care commodities, the research delineates the spectrum of consumer decisions influenced by income brackets. Moreover, it uncovers potential shifts in consumer preferences amidst economic fluctuations and their implications for the personal care industry. As we navigate through the labyrinth of consumer behaviour, this study not only contributes valuable insights to marketers and policymakers but also prompts a re-evaluation of societal perceptions surrounding personal care choices. By understanding the symbiotic relationship between financial status and consumer behaviour, we hope to foster a more nuanced discourse on the intricate dynamics governing our daily grooming rituals.

Implementation of Womens Human Rights in Dar Es Salaam with Special Reference to Domestic Violence: A Critical Appraisal

Objectives: This study delves into the implementation of existing laws to control domestic violence done against women in Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Through qualitative research methods, and interviews with 150 respondents, including victims, policymakers, and community leaders, the study sheds light on the persistent prevalence of domestic abuse driven by socio-cultural norms, economic dependence, and gender power dynamics. Main Results: Key contributing factors such as gender inequity, cultural beliefs, substance misuse, and lack of awareness were identified, underscoring the complexity of the issue. Stakeholders emphasized challenges in implementing current legal measures effectively, including resource constraints and gaps in protection for victims. In response, the study proposes collaborative efforts among policymakers, stakeholders, and communities to implement education programs, legal reforms, and awareness campaigns aimed at challenging societal norms and perceptions, thus supporting victims within the existing legal framework. Conclusion: Ultimately, the study highlights the imperative of addressing root causes and providing comprehensive support to victims to mitigate domestic violence and advance women rights in the region.

Insurance Coverage for Gender-Affirming Voice and Communication Services: An In-Depth Analysis in a Midwestern U.S. State

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the gap between the need for gender-affirming voice and communication services (GAVCS) and insurance coverage within one state. Method: An electronic, cross-sectional survey of transgender/gender-diverse (TGD) adults assessed the incidence of insurance and cost barriers to GAVCS. Then, policies from 22 major insurers were reviewed using a web-based search and telephone inquiries. Finally, a tool was developed for clinicians to share available coverage for GAVCS by insurer. Results: Over half (53%) of 115 respondents reported vocal incongruence, but only 19.1% had pursued GAVCS. Of those who had not, 57% reported cost and/or insurance coverage were barriers (most of whom were commercially insured). Less than half of major Ohio insurance plans mentioned GAVCS coverage, and of those who did, less than half would consider covering it on a case-by-case basis. Creation of a tool that explained coverage across insurance companies was helpful, but challenging and labor-intensive. Conclusions: TGD individuals often experience a mismatch between their gender identity and societal perceptions of their voice, which can worsen dysphoria and compromise safety. GAVCS align voice with gender identity but are inconsistently covered by health insurance and can be costly, particularly for individuals who face socioeconomic marginalization. Inconsistent transparency in communicating coverage criteria further exacerbates access to GAVCS. Poor insurance coverage of GAVCS is an important barrier to accessing this evidence-based care, and more transparency and consistency in coverage is critical.

Decoding "University War (대학전쟁)": STEM Education and Cultural Influence

University War (대학전쟁)" presents a captivating intersection of psychological, educational, and cultural dimensions within the context of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. The Korean television show phenomenon engages viewers worldwide, transcending cultural boundaries with its gripping narrative of intellectual competition among South Korea's elite universities. Through psychological theories such as Bandura's social learning theory and Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory, the show underscores the significance of academic excellence and the intrinsic motivation driving contestants. Moreover, "University War" promotes critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for STEM fields, reflecting broader societal attitudes toward education and career aspirations. As educators explore ways to sustain interest in STEM among K-Pop wave culture enthusiasts through initiatives inspired by the series, University War stands as a compelling case study highlighting the transformative potential of popular media in shaping educational outcomes and societal perceptions in the digital age.

CINEMATIC DEPICTIONS OF BUSINESS: REALISM, ETHICS, AND EDUCATION

This study examines how business language and context are depicted in select movies, as well as their representations, accuracy, and impacts on educational relevance and societal perception. Through a comparative analysis, this study analyzes diverse communication styles, leadership dynamics, and ethical considerations in movies such as "The Social Network," "The Wolf of Wall Street," "Office Space," "The Big Short," and "Margin Call." To assess the realism of their depictions of real-world situations, this study analyzes how these movies portray business scenarios within popular culture. Furthermore, it explores how cinematic representations influence perceptions of business ethics, practices, and leadership, providing insight into how movies affect societal attitudes about business. Finally, the study highlights how analyzing cinematic portrayals of business language and context can enhance critical thinking skills among students of business and enhance ethical awareness. The results of this research have highlighted the nuanced and multifaceted nature of cinematic representations, and their educational value has been highlighted.

"Girl Math, Boy Math": The Presence of Toxic Masculinity in TikTok and X Jargon

Jargon or slang words have become a norm in everyday online discourses and conversations, with a recent emergence of gendered terminology classifying activities and fashion aesthetics into a type of “girl” or “boy”, both heavily popularized thanks to social media. A notable example is seen in the recent rise of gendered-specific jokes called “girl math”, which is a comedy created by women on the justification of impulse shopping. This phenomenon began to give way to its counterpart called “boy math”. Initially, mockery on male behavior began to expand into the areas of critiquing toxic masculinity and misogyny in society as a whole. Through sampling data from accounts that receive high traction from using such terms on the platforms of X and TikTok, the researcher is interested in conducting an intertextual research using the framework of appraisal and feminist theory in order to elucidate the linguistic nuances and cultural influences stored within these gender-specific terms, ultimately unveiling how they critique male hegemony. This research is hoped to contribute to furthering the understanding of how technology, social media, and language intersect, shaping both learning environments and societal perceptions of gender roles.
 Keywords: X, TikTok, appraisal theory, language evaluation, misogyny, toxic masculinity