Societal Groups Research Articles

PERCEPTIONS OR MISPERCEPTIONS: CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC)

Public views are essential, particularly when it comes to large-scale development initiatives like CPEC, which have the potential to change the socioeconomic and political climate of a nation comprised of more than 200 million individuals. This paper focuses on the perceptions of CPEC among the media in a virtual world. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of media handling, that is, the positive or negative image of CPEC. The media reports gathered indicate that the majority of Pakistanis consider CPEC a valuable project for Pakistan and regard China as a more reliable, friendly nation than the US, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iran (Awais et al., 2019). However, there are dissenting views readily floating in the country regarding the nature of Pak-China relations, where the media also refers to the amity between China and Pakistan as being "interest-based." It suggests that the educated Pakistani public's support for China is motivated by pragmatism rather than sentiment and that the states' claim that their relationship is "sweeter than honey, higher than the mountains" should be considered pragmatically. The development of the project's perception management strategy for the two concerned nations will benefit from an analysis of how this project is perceived on social media by various societal groups (Akhtar et al., 2021)

Image networks and practice analysis of larger data corpora. An approach to cluster and recontextualize visual practice in social media

This paper reports a methodological exploration combining image network analysis and standardized practice analysis on social media data. Through applying the open source software Memespector to access the Clarifai API, the potential of an easy-at-hand image tagging tool as an instrument to manage larger data corpora is explored. Using the example of the German-speaking Twitter hashtag #systemrelevant, we relate image clusters to the results of standardized practice analysis of posts that contain images. The proposed method is intended for research that attempts to carve out the co-constituting of public discourse in social media by different groups of actors. The approach systematically differentiates the contributions of societal groups such as journalism, civil society, or private individuals, and the embedding of their tweets in selected anchoring practices and further modalities of participation. Altogether, the multistep analytical process offers a possible approach to process larger image corpora, while maintaining a sensitivity for the practice-theoretical demand of (re)contextualizing image use.

Dwarf Mongoose Optimizer for Optimal Modeling of Solar PV Systems and Parameter Extraction

This article presents a modified intelligent metaheuristic form of the Dwarf Mongoose Optimizer (MDMO) for optimal modeling and parameter extraction of solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems. The foraging manner of the dwarf mongoose animals (DMAs) motivated the DMO’s primary design. It makes use of distinct DMA societal groups, including the alpha category, scouts, and babysitters. The alpha female initiates foraging and chooses the foraging path, bedding places, and distance travelled for the group. The newly presented MDMO has an extra alpha-directed knowledge-gaining strategy to increase searching expertise, and its modifying approach has been led to some extent by the amended alpha. For two diverse SPV modules, Kyocera KC200GT and R.T.C. France SPV modules, the proposed MDMO is used as opposed to the DMO to efficiently estimate SPV characteristics. By employing the MDMO technique, the simulation results improve the electrical characteristics of SPV systems. The minimization of the root mean square error value (RMSE) has been used to compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithm and other reported methods. Based on that, the proposed MDMO outperforms the standard DMO. In terms of average efficiency, the MDMO outperforms the standard DMO approach for the KC200GT module by 91.7%, 84.63%, and 75.7% for the single-, double-, and triple-diode versions, respectively. The employed MDMO technique for the R.T.C France SPV system has success rates of 100%, 96.67%, and 66.67%, while the DMO’s success rates are 6.67%, 10%, and 0% for the single-, double-, and triple-diode models, respectively.

Cooperation through collective punishment and participation

AbstractWe experimentally explore the role of institutions imposing collective sanctions in sustaining cooperation. In our experiment, players only observe noisy signals about individual contributions in finitely repeated public goods game with imperfect monitoring, while total output is perfectly observed as it is often the case in collective action problems in society. We consider sanctioning mechanism that allows agents to commit to collective punishment in case the level of cooperation among members of society falls short of a target. We find that cooperation is higher with collective punishment compared to both no punishment or punishment targeting individuals. Importantly, our results indicate that it is the combination of making a commitment to be punished and the collective nature of punishment which induces cooperation. Our findings show that punishing a group collectively for misbehavior of some of its members induces cooperation when individuals participate in setting up the sanctioning institution. The study contributes to the literature on institutional legitimacy and how to ensure good government performance when dealing with collective action problems, and, by considering commitment, improves enforcement methods criticized for their detrimental effects on some societal groups.

Katawagang Kultural sa Panliligaw, Pamamanhikan at Kasal ng Erumanen Ne Menuvu

The study focused on cultural terminologies in courtship, betrothal, and marriage among the Erumanen ne Menuvu in Barangay Aroman, Carmen, Cotabato. It aimed to ascertain the preservation of traditions and terms amidst interactions with non-indigenous groups and their transmission to succeeding generations. Qualitative research methods were utilized, employing purposive sampling, thematic analysis, open coding, and focus group discussions. The cultural terminologies identified encompassed courtship terms like bayuk, ilesung, rambeng, ed arig, pendereha, and bilik, betrothal terms such as Ed Seneran te Tamuk, Dureng, and Pemenuhang, and marriage-related terms like Id esawa, Benikuku, sungguranan, Kawing, Pedsungit, Ed Tihuy, Peuli te Himukod, and Tinulong. The study's key findings revealed the Erumanen ne Menuvu's adherence to unique traditions in courtship, betrothal, and marriage, showcased by their specific cultural terms, highlighting their language as a significant aspect of their identity. These findings bear educational significance, contributing to an improved comprehension of Erumanen ne Menuvu traditions and language and facilitating the sharing of their customs with other communities. Recommendations include using these findings in educational discussions and further exploring diverse aspects of Erumanen ne Menuvu traditions and other ethnic groups' customs to foster wider cultural recognition. Ultimately, the study aims to promote respect among different societal groups within the Filipino community.

From Bush to Biden: British public opinion and the image of America

The scholarly literature on US–UK relations has been marked by recurrent debate over the health and utility of the special relationship, recently enlivened by the policy tensions and political turbulence of the Trump presidency. The literature has also seen a social and cultural ‘turn’, with a growing focus on the broader linkages between the two countries’ societies and cultures. However, there has been limited analysis of public opinion in Britain in recent scholarly research. This article examines the ‘image of America’ in British public opinion in the twenty-first century, across recent Republican and Democratic presidencies. It uses data from the annual Pew Global Attitudes survey series and Transatlantic Trends survey series to undertake systematic analysis of these quantitative data sources. It examines the following areas: the performance and policies of presidents from Bush to Biden, the US and its people, the state of bilateral relations, and NATO. It examines aggregate-level opinion and also pays close attention to views across different societal groups, based on demographic characteristics, party support and left–right ideology. The paper makes a significant and distinctive contribution to scholarly research into US–UK relations.

Fenomena Penolakan Ustaz Youtuber: Studi tentang Dakwah Hanan Attaki dalam Perspektif Kekerasan Simbolik Pierre Bourdieu

This paper delves into the resistance faced by Hanan Attaki, an Indonesian preacher recognized for his contemporary preaching style and widespread popularity among diverse societal groups. Nonetheless, his fame also exposes him to the influence of the hierarchical structure within the sphere of social media. Each instance involving Hanan Attaki attracts significant public attention, evolving into a social spectacle subject to scrutiny, thereby giving rise to various societal concerns. Employing qualitative methodologies, this research scrutinizes the phenomenon of Hanan Attaki’s rejection through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu's theory of symbolic violence. Through this analysis, it is uncovered that social media has elevated Hanan Attaki to a prominent position within the da'wah field, thereby rendering the rejection incident in Pamekasan, Madura, as an outcome of pressure exerted by specific factions following the previous dismissal of a religious discourse. This coercion manifests in two forms of dominance: firstly, influential figures in Pamekasan, Madura, establishing ideological supremacy within the community, and secondly, Hanan Attaki asserting dominance through his explanatory content on YouTube, resulting in the misuse of symbolic authority and provoking adverse reactions on social media platforms. Consequently, this coercion engenders symbolic violence, which disrupts the social dynamics within the realm of social media.

Exclusively Our People: Defining Tribalism through the Slovak Case

We define tribalism as a mode of articulation that draws an antagonistic frontier between societal groups. Unlike populism, tribalism does not have a hegemonic character. It articulates groups through a horizontally oriented, shared value system; whereas populism is an essential part of a democratic system, tribalism disregards democracy. To conceptualize tribalism as a separate theoretical frame from populism or (ethno)nationalism, we used discourse theoretical analysis to analyze the Facebook pages of four political party leaders in Slovakia (Marian Kotleba, Krisztián Forró, Igor Matovič, and Boris Kollár). Kotleba’s page showed tribalistic features by articulating an antagonistic divide between “us,” the people, linked by shared values and identities, and anyone not sharing those values, or “them.” His representation of his party’s fight against oppressive forces, combined with their apathetic stance toward democracy, makes his a prime example of a tribalist party. While populism is an ever-expanding area of research and a framework widely used to analyze political entities and events, it is a word often thrown around and thus overused. Tribalism offers an alternative approach to analyze political instances in a national and transnational context in a more nuanced way, and to gain a better understanding of previously overlooked phenomena.

Political Relations: Political Identity and Social Media in Elections in Indonesia

This research examines the role of social media in shaping political identity and political participation in contemporary Indonesia. Utilizing document analysis, the study explores how individuals and societal groups use social media as a tool to influence and participate in political discourse. The method employed in this research is qualitative descriptive. The findings reveal that social media facilitates a framework for personal action, enabling widespread participation in various political and social issues, and integrating personal lifestyle values into political dialogue. The study also pays attention to the challenges faced by political parties in Indonesia in attracting voters, especially the younger generation who are highly engaged with social media, in the lead-up to the 2024 simultaneous elections. Lastly, it is found that social media has deepened social interaction and information for the millennial generation, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic, affecting their views on politics and religion. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of social media in shaping the political landscape in Indonesia, providing significant insights into how digital technology affects political participation and social identity.

Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: a theory-based synthesis of the evidence

BackgroundIn May 2018, the Scottish Government set a minimum unit price (MUP) of £0·50 per unit of alcohol sold in Scotland to reduce alcohol-related health harms. We synthesised evidence to establish the effects of MUP on alcohol-related health and social harms, at population level and within specific societal groups. MethodsWe did a theory-based synthesis of academic and grey research evidence about impacts of MUP in Scotland, including compliance, price, consumption, health outcomes, social outcomes, public attitudes, and the alcoholic drinks industry. We searched the Public Health Scotland's MUP evaluation portfolio and relevant grey and academic literature for studies published between Jan 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2023. We conducted systematic searches and screening of bibliographic databases (Scopus, Public Health Database, EconLit, MEDLINE, ProQuest Public Health, Social Policy and Practice, NHS Scotland Knowledge Network Library Search, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SSRN, Idox Knowledge Exchange, Social Policy & Practice, and Google Search). Search terms were tailored to specific databases but included variants of the terms “minimum unit pricing”, “alcohol”, and “policy”. Eligibility literature included English-language research into impacts of MUP on either the population of Scotland or a specific subpopulation. We excluded conference abstracts, literature reviews, articles that did not report research, and research based solely on data from before the introduction of MUP. FindingsWe included 40 reports in our analysis. On the balance of evidence, MUP improved population-level health outcomes, demonstrated most starkly by a 13·4% reduction in alcohol-attributable deaths in Scotland compared with England. There was no evidence of substantial negative effects on the alcoholic drinks industry or social harms at the population level. While population-level outcomes were predominantly positive, some qualitative evidence suggests that MUP might have exacerbated health and social harms for some individuals or groups, especially those with alcohol dependence who were financially vulnerable. InterpretationMUP in Scotland has been effective in reducing alcohol-related health harms, with little evidence of any effect on social harms. If MUP continues, policymakers should consider raising the £0·50 per unit threshold and supplementing the intervention with policies or services to address any unintended negative effects experienced by specific groups. The synthesis is persuasive due to the prospective, theory-based design of the evaluation portfolio and the quality and comprehensiveness of the evidence. FundingScottish Government.

Unearthing Ecofeminist Echoes in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers

This article explores D.H. Lawrence’s autobiographical novel, Sons and Lovers (1913), through the lens of ecofeminism, focusing on the intricate emotional relationships between the protagonist, Paul, his mother, Mrs. Morel, and his two lovers, Miriam and Clara. In the context of the Industrial Revolution’s large-scale mechanization, Lawrence’s work sheds light on the profound environmental consequences of this era on the sustenance of modern human. The narrative further suggests that modern humanity has suffered significant suppression and destruction due to the dominance of mechanical civilization, resulting in a pervasive imbalance between humankind and nature, as well as among different societal groups, particularly in gender relations. Lawrence’s astute portrayal places gender relations on the grand stage of industrial civilization, resonating with the plight of both the natural environment and women who endured oppression under anthropocentrism or patriarchy. This paper adopts an intersectional perspective that simultaneously addresses the human-to-nature issue and the male-to-female issue within the framework of ecofeminism. Its primary objective is to illuminate Lawrence’s endeavor to chart a path for modern humanity’s survival. In doing so, Lawrence advocates for a harmonious equilibrium between societal development and the natural world, alongside the principle of gender equality. This approach embodies the essence of ecofeminism and underscores Lawrence’s profound humanistic concerns.

Climate change perceptions in Bavaria: Revealing the influence of socio-demographic and local environmental factors

Research on perceptions of climate change has been focused on either social or environmental factors, lacking interdisciplinarity. This study bridges this gap by assessing the influence of both. Our analyses reveal societal actor group affiliation as the strongest predictor for the perception of climate change.People’s perceptions of climate change are crucial for their readiness to engage in mitigation and adaptation. To identify the most influential factors in shaping perceptions of climate change, we conducted a comprehensive survey, carried out in Bavaria, Germany. Overall, 2,594 individuals across four societal actor groups were surveyed, namely 1,413 farmers, 197 foresters, 152 nature managers, and 832 citizens (no specific profession). We explored to what extent environmental factors (climate trends and land cover conditions in interviewees’ place of residence ‐ based on geographical data) and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education, societal actor group affiliation ‐ based on survey data) influence perceptions of climate change. Data analyses, including random forest algorithms, revealed socio-demographic factors, particularly societal actor group affiliations, as most influential variables. Local land cover conditions and climate trends only marginally affected residents’ perceptions. Consequently, our results suggest to consider socio-demographic factors for tailoring climate communication, policies and awareness raising campaigns, particularly targeting societal groups most skeptical about climate change.

Developing Green Entrepreneurship Skills in Indonesia; An Educational Perspective

This paper explores the critical nexus between Green Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development,illuminating their combined potential as a powerful tool for mitigating environmental crises such as global warming andclimate change. With a particular focus on burgeoning economies, especially Indonesia, it underscores the immensepossibilities embedded within a proactive integration of sustainable practices into entrepreneurship. This not only pavesthe way towards climate neutrality but also cultivates competitive advantages in business enterprises. Despite thetremendous potential, the widespread adoption of Green Entrepreneurship has been persistently stifled by a profound lackof awareness, an alarming paucity of educational resources, and a dearth of specialised knowledge within the field. Thesefactors collectively contribute to the unimpressive rate of implementation and relatively low acceptance of GreenEntrepreneurship. To address this conundrum, this scholarly article undertakes a comprehensive gap analysis aimed atevaluating the future prospects of Green Entrepreneurship within Indonesia. It does so through a detailed examination ofthe development of Green Entrepreneurship skills from the perspective of educators. The study forms part of a broaderinitiative - the ASEAN Network for Green Entrepreneurship and Leadership (ANGEL) - a European-funded project devotedto equipping university graduates and disadvantaged societal groups with vital entrepreneurial skills geared towardssustainability. The analytical framework of the research draws upon a conducted survey among university faculty members,supplemented with a focus group discussion with participants involving a diverse mix of faculty, students, andadministrative staff. The findings underscore a strikingly limited focus on Green Entrepreneurship within the curriculum.However, they also reveal a robust commitment and a strong willingness to infuse existing syllabi with GreenEntrepreneurial facets. To accomplish this, the research identifies the need to surmount significant challenges, primarilythose related to resource availability. Furthermore, the gap analysis points towards the need for amplifying collaborationamong a broad spectrum of stakeholders. These include local businesses, government agencies, and the broadercommunity. Such partnerships can significantly assist universities in crafting effective business school curricula that instil asustainability mindset. Moving forward, the research proposes to extend its scope to embrace the viewpoints of communitymembers. This would encompass a particular focus on traditionally marginalized groups, including women, minorities, andeconomically disadvantaged segments in both urban and rural communities.

Preventing reforming unequally

Population aging has forced policy makers in most developed countries to reform pension systems with the aim of maintaining or re-establishing financial sustainability. This usually involves cost-cutting measures like later pension eligibility ages and lower replacement rates. Such reforms face harsh trade-offs with the objective of providing adequate pensions. Social welfare and inequality have emerged as crucial concerns about recent pension reforms, stressing that the lack of “social sustainability” may undermine financial sustainability. This paper analyzes such trade-offs and may explain why support for pension reform has dwindled in Europe. The paper evaluates reform effects on financial sustainability, social welfare, and intra- and inter-generational equality in a rich unified framework with several dimensions of heterogeneity and various behavioral reactions. Our simulations shed light on the complex distributional effects of pension reform on different cohorts and societal groups. They show where policy tends to reform unequally and why reforms may fail to find voters’ approval.

Attitudes towards sex workers: a nationwide cross-sectional survey among German healthcare providers.

Worldwide, sex workers face stigmatization and discrimination, also within healthcare. Only few studies on healthcare providers' attitudes towards care of sex workers have been performed. This study assessed attitudes and knowledge of healthcare providers in Germany towards sex workers and their specific health risks. German healthcare professionals and medical students were invited to participate in a nationwide cross-sectional study in 2022. The online survey used a German translation of the "Attitudes towards Prostitutes and Prostitution Scale" by Levin and Peled for assessment of attitudes towards sex work and workers, together with prevalence estimates of common mental and physical disorders. A total of 469 questionnaires were included into analysis. Older participants tended to regard sex work as less of a choice (p < 0.004) and sex workers as more victimized (p < 0.001). The frequency of professional contact to sex workers neither affected the perception of sex workers' status as victims vs. independent individuals, nor the perceived moral status. Moreover, healthcare professionals overestimated the prevalence of various disorders which was influenced by participants' attitudes towards sex workers. A comparison to a recent Allensbach survey demonstrated similar attitudes of healthcare providers and the general population towards sex workers. Our results suggest that German healthcare professionals are not free of prejudices against sex workers, as has been shown for other marginalized groups in society. Instead, they seem to be influenced by personal opinion rather than by objective facts which they should have acquired during their professional education. Future interventions (e.g., better training regarding marginal societal groups) are necessary to encounter these issues in order to improve healthcare for sex workers.

The Japanese Circular Economy and Sound Material-Cycle Society Policies: Discourse and Policy Analysis

Although the Japanese government is an early adopter of Circular Economy (CE) policies and developed the concept of the Sound Material-Cycle Society in the early 2000s, its CE policies have nonetheless been poorly researched and understood, especially in English academic literature. This article addresses this research gap by answering the following questions: What are the dominant discourses of key stakeholders in Japan regarding CE? And to what extent does the current CE policy in Japan relate to that? Methodologically, this paper conducted a discourse analysis through a mix of policy analysis, media analysis, stakeholder interviews, keyword mining, qualitative content analysis, and analysis of stakeholder presence. Results show that, while CE discourses in Japan are rather diverse, they mostly fall within the Reformist Circular Society discourse type, with some smaller Technocentric Circular Economy and Transformational Circular Society elements. Results also show that businesses and academics were over-represented in policy meetings and the media, compared to NGOs and local government actors, which are more likely to hold transformational circularity discourses. Most circularity discourses in Japan are thus focused on a growth-optimistic narrative that emphasises innovative technologies and lacks a stronger understanding of social justice and planetary boundaries. Based on these findings, this article suggests recommendations, such as revisiting Japanese ecological thinking and Buddhist philosophy, which can inspire degrowth-oriented circularity approaches, as well as encompassing more participation of neglected societal groups in the development and implementation of CE policies and practices. By highlighting the challenges in current CE discourse and implementation in Japan, this study presents implications for a more socially inclusive and ecologically sustainable path towards a circular society.

Valence biases and emergence in the stereotype content of intersecting social categories.

People belong to multiple social groups simultaneously. However, much remains to be learned about the rich semantic perceptions of multiply-categorized targets. Two pretests and three main studies (n = 1,116) compare perceptions of single social categories to perceptions of two intersecting social categories. Unlike previous research focusing on specific social categories (e.g., race and age), our studies involve intersections from a large sample of salient societal groups. Study 1 provides evidence for biased information integration (vs. averaging), such that ratings of intersecting categories were more similar to the constituent with more negative and more extreme (either very positive or very negative) stereotypes. Study 2 indicates that negativity and extremity also bias spontaneous perceptions of intersectional targets, including dimensions beyond Warmth and Competence. Study 3 shows that the prevalence of emergent properties (i.e., traits attributed to intersecting categories but not the constituents) is greater for novel targets and targets with incongruent constituent stereotypes (e.g., one constituent is stereotyped as high Status and the other as low Status). Finally, Study 3 suggests that emergent (vs. present in constituents) perceptions are more negative and tend to be more about Morality and idiosyncratic content and less about Competence or Sociability. Our findings advance understanding about perceptions of multiply-categorized targets, information integration, and the connection between theories of process (e.g., individuation) and content. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Who’s afraid of more ambitious climate policy? How distributional implications shape policy support and compensatory preferences

ABSTRACT Nation states need to strengthen domestic climate policies to address global climate change. As more ambitious climate policy shapes the material interests of different societal groups, distributional conflict about who wins and loses will likely intensify over the coming years. I use the recent complete revision of the Swiss CO2 law as an example of a change towards more ambitious climate policy and experimentally test whether distributional implications resulting from this policy change affect both people’s policy support and redistributive preferences. I establish that learning about negative impacts on some societal groups significantly decreases support, while information about groups profiting also increases support. Moreover, being informed about the negative consequences of ambitious climate policy makes people more likely to support redistributive schemes, even if they are not personally affected. These results show the centrality of distributional implications for the political feasibility of progressive climate policy.

HUKUM ADAT MINANGKABAU SEBAGAI BASIS DAN PERSPEKTIF DALAM PEMBENTUKAN SISTEM HUKUM NASIONAL

Minangkabau Customary Law is a traditional legal system that has been developed and passed down through generations within the Minangkabau community in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Rooted in local customs and culture, Minangkabau Customary Law has significant potential to serve as a basis and important perspective in the formation of an inclusive and sustainable national legal system. This research aims to explore the role of Minangkabau Customary Law in the formation of the national legal system and its potential contributions in creating social justice, preserving cultural diversity, and strengthening local autonomy. The research methodology employed is literature analysis, drawing on relevant primary and secondary sources including legal documents, academic writings, and practical experiences in the application of Minangkabau Customary Law. The findings of this research indicate that Minangkabau Customary Law encompasses interconnected principles such as musyawarah-mufakat (consensus-building), gotong royong (community cooperation), and restorative justice. These principles hold universal values that can be adapted and integrated into a broader national legal system. In the context of forming the national legal system, Minangkabau Customary Law can serve as a source of inspiration to develop legislation that aligns with societal interests, protects individual and group rights, and maintains a balance between national and local interests. Furthermore, Minangkabau Customary Law has the potential to preserve cultural diversity in Indonesia. In an era of globalization that often promotes cultural homogenization, the implementation of Minangkabau Customary Law can serve as a strong foundation to promote and safeguard cultural diversity at the national level. Through an approach that respects and acknowledges cultural differences, the national legal system can become an instrument that strengthens cultural identities and ensures the continuity of valuable cultural heritage.

Parental leave policies, work (re)entry, and second birth: Do differences between migrants and non-migrants in Germany increase?

The paper investigates migrant–nonmigrant differentials over time among women in Germany after their first childbirth; we look at the transitions to paid work or to a second child. Our observation period covers almost 30 years, in which family policies changed substantially. Most notably, the year 2007 marked a shift in (West) Germany’s parental leave policy from a conservative family model to a policy directed toward fostering work and family reconciliation. Across these policy periods, we investigate whether population subgroups, i.e., first-generation migrants and migrant descendants, show different patterns in their transitions after the first childbirth compared to the non-migrant majority population. We use data of the German Socio-economic Panel Study (GSOEP). Our sample consists of 3555 mothers of one child, about 13% of whom are first-generation migrants and 16% are migrant descendants. We estimate event-history models: using competing risks analyses, we study transitions following the first birth, specifically, (re)entering work and having a second child. We find that the transition (back) to work increased significantly from one policy period to the next among non-migrants. Increases among migrants varied between the migrant generations, were smaller and occurred later. Hence, we find an increasing gap between first-generation migrants and non-migrants across policy periods, with migrant descendants in between. To some extent, the migrant–nonmigrant gap traces back to different compositional and institutional effects and varies across origin groups. By contrast, the transition rates to a second child decreased among non-migrants, but hardly varied across periods among migrants. Thus, our results demonstrate increasing differentials between societal groups in their work-family reconciliation behavior, to which the modern parental leave policies may have contributed. We discuss the implications of these results for researchers, society and policymakers.