Social Support Seeking Coping Research Articles

소방공무원의 회복탄력성과 외상스트레스 대처방법이 소진에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of firefighters' resilience and coping methods for trauma-related stress on their burnout, and to provide theoretical evidence for proactive intervention and strategies to overcome firefighter burnout. Methods For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 4,196 firefighters working nationwide, and the data collected was analyzed using t-test, AOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results The results showed that on average, firefighters experienced burnout 2-3 times a month, with male gender, age in the 40s, married, more than 10 years and less than 15 years of service, work type as a day shift, and current job as an administrative position. The regression equation was statistically significant (F=366.835, p<.001), and the higher the resilience, the lower the psychological burnout, and the higher the capacity for social support-seeking coping during active coping and emotion-focused coping during passive coping tended to reduce job burnout. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, multidimensional measures should be taken to increase resilience, social support, and emotion-focused coping in order to reduce burnout among firefighters.

Coping strategies facing Covid-19, perceived social support, and trait anxiety among Tunisian caregivers

IntroductionCaregivers in the Sfax region, Tunisia, having been at the forefront in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, were therefore faced with intense stress. It seemed useful and interesting to us to study their adaptation strategies during this period of pandemic.ObjectivesThe aims of our study were to identify the coping strategies used by Tunisian Healthcare workers (HCW) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to study the links of the different coping strategies with perceived social support and trait anxiety.MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study conducted among 254 Tunisian HCW working at the Habib Bourguiba and Hedi Chaker university hospitals in Sfax, during period from January 2021 to April 2021. the questionnaire used included an information sheet and three scales; “Social support questionary 6” (SSQ-6), “State Trait Inventory Anxiety Form Y2” (STAI-Y2), and “Ways of Coping Checklist” (WCC).ResultsUsing the WCC scale, the strategy most used by participants was the problem-focused one (M = 2.98 ±0.53), followed by the emotion-focused strategy (M = 2.65 ±0 .58), and that centered on the search for social support (M = 2.64 ±0.59). Using the SSQ-6, the mean score for the availability of perceived social support was equal to 8.91±4.59 and the score mean perceived satisfaction was equal to 28.63±5.84. The prevalence of trait anxiety was 50%, according to the STAI-Y2. Statistical tests showed that problem-focused coping was the strategy most adopted by non-anxious participants. They also showed that the higher the availability of perceived social support, the more the social support-seeking coping strategy was chosen, and the higher the perceived satisfaction with perceived social support, the less the emotion-focused strategy was chosen.ConclusionsIt seems necessary to propose a learning program for coping strategies to counter the potential emergence of ineffective strategies and to reinforce the use of effective strategies, in order to improve or maintain optimal well-being of health personnel.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Virtual Reality Supported Intervention Program for Trauma Symptoms of Individuals Who Experienced an Earthquake: An Effectiveness Study.

This study aimed to develop an effective virtual reality (VR)-based intervention program to improve trauma symptoms of survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. In line with this aim, the sample of the study consisted of 34 earthquake survivors aged 15-72 years (mean: 38.09, standard deviation (SD): 15.09) who were directly affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023. A five-stage intervention program (normalization, reinterpretation, creating a safe place, developing problem-focused coping strategies, and social support) was applied to 17 participants (mean: 36.88, SD: 13.65), who constituted the intervention group, using VR technology. All participants assigned to the intervention group received the intervention, which included normalization, reinterpreting the earthquake, creating a safe place, problem-focused coping, and increasing social support, one time in a standardized manner. In the stages of reinterpretation, creating a safe place and problem-focused coping VR technology was used and, the stages of normalization and increasing social support were carried out with psychotherapeutic work involving one-to-one interaction between the researcher and the participant. The five-stage intervention program started to be implemented 51 days after the February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and all stages of the intervention were completed within seven days. Measurements were taken from the participants at two different times: pre-intervention pre-test and post-intervention post-test. The 17 participants in the control group (mean: 39.29, SD: 16.75) were placed on a waiting list. Data were collected using the "Sociodemographic Information Form", "Posttraumatic Growth Inventory", "Scale for Determining the Level of Post-Earthquake Trauma" and "Ways of Coping Scale". Before the intervention, the groups were controlled in terms of posttraumatic growth, post-earthquake trauma level, fatalistic coping, social support-seeking coping, and helplessness style coping levels and no difference was observed between them (p>0.05). After the intervention, it was found that the posttraumatic growth and social support-seeking coping scores of the earthquake survivors who received VR-supported intervention were significantly higher than the scores of the control group, and the post-earthquake trauma level, fatalistic coping and helplessness style coping scores were significantly lower than the control group scores (p<0.05). As a result of the in-group analyses, it is seen that the post-traumatic growth, social support-seeking coping and problem-focused coping scores of the intervention group participants after the VR-supported intervention increased statistically significantly compared to the pre-intervention, while the post-earthquake trauma level, fatalistic coping and helplessness style coping scores decreased statistically significantly compared to the pre-intervention (p<0.05). However, it is seen that the scores of the control group participants from all other scales of the Ways of Coping Scale, except for the fatalistic coping subscale, did not change statistically significantly (p>0.05). As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the VR-supported intervention program developed is effective in improving the trauma symptoms of earthquake survivors. The rapid and statistically significant reduction in the trauma levels of earthquake survivors as a result of the developed intervention shows that the relevant intervention can be applied in other trauma areas and suggested for further studies.

Individual and Family Determinants for Quality of Life in Parents of Children With Inborn Errors of Metabolism Requiring a Restricted Diet: A Multilevel Analysis Approach

ABSTRACT Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) requiring a restricted diet can have a significant impact on both children and their caregivers. Previous research has shown conflicting findings in the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers specifically, as many factors can influence daily interactions: home care demands, the potential for acute health crises and hospitalization, dietary constraints, medications, and others. Influencing factors have previously been reported to include emotional, adaptive, and socioeconomic factors, and previous research has varied greatly in sample characteristics, methods of collecting data and measuring QoL, and methods of analysis. This study was performed to clarify previous findings and provide a clearer picture of QoL in parents of children with IEMs requiring a restricted diet compared with the general population based on parent self-report. The final analysis included 785 parents of 578 children with IEMs requiring a restricted diet. Quality of life was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and was compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects from the general population. Parents of children with IEMs requiring a restricted diet in this study population experienced a significantly lower QoL in the areas of physical health (mean, −6.09 [SD, 15.01]) and social relationships (mean, −6.82 [SD, 17.71]), as well as a significantly higher QoL in psychological health (mean, +3.10 [SD, 14.25]). Multivariate models were examined to determine factors responsible for these differences in QoL; parental anxiety was negatively associated with all QoL domains. Other factors negatively associated with at least 1 domain included being a father (physical health and social relationships), older parent (physical and psychological health), having an education higher than high school (psychological health), and using more social support–seeking coping strategies (physical health and environment). Factors positively associated with at least 1 domain included having an education level higher than high school (environment), being a working parent (physical and psychological health, environment), and using more positive thinking coping strategies (psychological health). Child-related factors negatively associated with parental QoL included having at least 1 disease complication (social relationships and environment) and a higher number of hospital medical providers (physical health). A child being older positively impacted parental QoL in the environment domain. It is not uncommon for parents of children with chronic diseases or impairments to experience a lower QoL. In this study, some aspects of QoL were enhanced by the demands of caregiving, and some were negatively impacted. Discrepancies in previous literature may be partially attributed to varying tests, variable characteristics within a sample (eg, longer time since diagnosis), or differences in analysis methods. The results in this study indicate a potential need for resources to support parents of children with IEMs requiring a restricted diet. Previous literature has shown efficacy in providing in-home health care professionals for occasional relief of caregiving duties for parents, as well as support groups of parents in similar situations. Parental anxiety in particular was shown to impact QoL negatively in all domains, and thus targeting interventions toward reducing parental anxiety might be one way to improve QoL. The adaptation of parents to their child's condition and to the demands of caregiving could explain some aspects of the QoL difference from the general population, but these differences should still be addressed to improve QoL.

In the COVID-19 Era, Effects of Job Stress, Coping Strategies, Meaning in Life and Resilience on Psychological Well-Being of Women Workers in the Service Sector.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the psychological well-being by using variables of job stress, coping strategies, meaning of life, and resilience to improve the quality of working life during COVID-19. The subjects were 135 adult women working for banks. Data were collected by having the subjects fill out a paper-and-pencil questionnaire, and analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. The subjects’ psychological well-being showed positive correlations with the social support-seeking coping mechanism (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), problem-solving-focused coping mechanism (r = 0.55, p < 0.001), meaning in life (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), and resilience (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Psychological well-being showed negative correlations with job stress (r = −0.44, p < 0.001) and avoidance-focused coping mechanism (r = −0.28, p = 0.001). The factors affecting the psychological well-being were problem-solving-focused coping mechanism (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), job role stress (β = −0.24, p < 0.001), meaning inlife (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), avoidance-focused coping mechanism (β = −0.23, p < 0.001), and resilience (β = 0.15, p = 0.023). It is necessary to formalize psychological intervention to induce the improvement of the quality of work life by increasing the psychological well-being of working women during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is suggested that intervention is made in consideration of variables identified as influencing factors to increase the psychological well-being of women workers.

Stress, Gender and Coping Strategies among Secondary School Teachers in Kampala District

Purpose: The study aimed at assessing the sources of stress among male and female teachers, coping strategies adopted by the teachers and the effects of stress on the job performance of teachers. &#x0D; Methodology: The study adopted a survey design with both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was conducted among secondary school teachers who were picked from both private and government aided schools in Nakawa Division, Kampala District. The sample consisted of 100 teachers who were selected through stratified random sampling that comprised of 50 male and 50 female teachers. Stress among teachers was assessed using a stress scale questionnaire and the coping strategies were assessed using the coping questionnaire developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1988) and open ended questionnaire was used to assess the effects of stress on the performance of teachers. Quantitative data was coded on themes derived from the objectives of the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using factor analysis, t-test and correlation analysis. &#x0D; Findings: The major sources of stress in terms of factors were work-oriented, personal failure factors and poor working habits factors. In case of coping strategies for social support seeking coping strategy, the main strategy used was “accepted since nothing could be done” and e least used was “avoided stressful work”. Emotional focused coping strategy had “prayed or got involved in other spiritual activities” as main strategy used while “I brought the risk to myself” was the least used strategy. And “kept myself from thinking too much about stress” was main strategy used while “gone on as if nothing had happened” was least used by the teachers in coping with stress. There was a negative relationship between all the three factors of stress indicating that whenever one was stressed, then their performance was negatively affected.

Effects of Leisure Satisfaction on Mental Health of Young People in the covid-19 Era: Mediating Effects of Stress Coping

본 연구는 청년층을 대상으로 covid-19 이후의 변화된 여가생활에 따른 여가만족도와 정신건강의관계에서 스트레스 대처방식의 매개효과를 분석하여 정신건강을 향상시키는 요인을 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 15~29세 청년층을 대상으로 온라인 설문지 통해 총226부의 자료를 수집하여 연구를 수행하였다. 수집된 자료를 기초로 SPSS 25.0을 이용하여 탐색적요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 하였으며, 매개효과를 파악하기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였고, Baron 과 Kenny(1986)의 3단계 매개효과 검증 절차를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 청년층의 여가만족은 스트레스 대처의 하위요인인 문제중심적 대처방식, 소망적사고 대처방식, 사회적지지 추구 대처방식이 정신건강 간의 관계에서 완전 매개효과가 있었다. 이에 따라 코로나 판데믹과 같은 환경적 여가제약의 상황에서 청년들의 정신건강 특히 사회부적응 등에 어려움을 호소할 때, 문제를 해결하기 위하여 스트레스에 직면하고 원인을 밝혀내려는 노력을 증진 시키거나 사회적인 지지 또는 현 상황에 몰입함을 중재시켜 올바른 생각의 방향으로 나아갈 수 있는 상담전략 및 예방책이 필요함을 시사한다.This study aims to identify factors that improve mental health by analyzing the mediating effects of stress coping methods in the relationship between leisure satisfaction and mental health due to changed leisure life after covid-19. In order to achieve this research goal, a total of 226 copies of data were collected and studied through online questionnaires for young people aged 15 to 29. Based on the collected data, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0, multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the mediating effect, and three-step mediating effect verification procedures by Baron and Kenny (1986). According to the study, young people s leisure satisfaction was fully mediated in the relationship between mental health, with problem-centered coping methods, wishful thinking coping methods, and social support seeking coping methods. This suggests that when complaining of difficulties in environmental leisure constraints such as Corona Pandemic, counseling strategies or precautions are needed to improve stress and identify causes, or mediate social support or immersion in the current situation.

Trait anxiety and coping strategies among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionThe current pandemic wave of COVID-19 has become a global threat. Healthcare professionals (HCP), by being on the front line in managing this pandemic, confronted high levels of stress and traumatic experiences.ObjectivesThe aims of our study were to evaluate the trait-anxiety among Tunisian HCP and its impact on coping strategies.MethodsA cross- sectional descriptive and analytic study conducted among Tunisian HCP during November and December 2020. The data was collected by an online questionnaire distributed through social media. The trait-anxiety was assessed using the “General Anxiety questionnaire of Spielberger” (STAI-Y-B) and the “Ways of coping checklist revised (WCC-R) questionnaire” identified three types of coping (problem-focused, emotion-focused and social-support seeking).ResultsParticipants were 135 HCP (71 males and 64 females) and aged from 24 to 61 years old (average age 31.98 years; SD 6.59 years). Of HCP involved in the study, 61.5% were single, 36.3% were married and 2.2% were divorced. Seventy-two of them had a trait-anxious. As a coping style, 85.2% of participants used problem-focused style, 88.9% of them used emotion-focused style and 63% of them used social support seeking style. The analysis of WCC-R showed that anxious HCP used emotion-focused coping more than non anxious HCP (p= 0.028). However, there was no significant difference in problem-focused or social support seeking coping styles and presence of trait-anxiety.ConclusionsIn our study, we find that the most anxious Tunisian HCP focused on emotions strategies. Personality traits play on attitudes of coping strategies.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Transactional models linking maternal authoritative parenting, child self-esteem, and approach coping strategies

Abstract The aim of this study is to identify the transactional pathways among maternal authoritative parenting, children's self-esteem, and approach coping strategies (i.e., problem solving coping and social support seeking coping). We collected three waves of data over three years from N = 888 Chinese children (50.3% girls; Mage = 9.83 years, SDage = 1.28 years at Time 1). Children reported their self-esteem, approach coping strategies, and mothers' authoritative behaviors. Results of the transactional model revealed that children's self-esteem at Time 1 predicted maternal authoritative parenting at Time 2, which in turn predicted children's use of approach coping strategies at Time 3. Furthermore, the results showed bidirectional associations between self-esteem and maternal authoritative parenting as well as between self-esteem and problem solving coping. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to understanding children's development of approach coping strategies and to designing interventions for enhancing use of approach coping strategies.

Assessing identity formation via narratives

Although narrative identity researchers have provided various ways of coding narratives, no previous studies aimed to assess identity formation. The present study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by developing a narrative coding system for identity formation. Young Korean adults completed several self-report measures and wrote a story explaining how they had become the persons they were. These narratives were then coded using our coding system. To test the validity of the coding system, we correlated the coded narratives with other variables. Variables that were positively related to identity formation were psychological well-being, self-concept clarity, exploration in breadth, exploration in depth, commitment making, identification with commitment, growth motivation, satisfaction of psychological needs, problem solving coping, social support seeking coping, and resilience. Variables that were negatively related to identity formation were depression, the importance of extrinsic relative to intrinsic values, and avoidance coping. Identity formation was not related to ruminative exploration.

Does Adolescent Anxiety Moderate the Relationship between Adolescent–Parent Communication and Adolescent Coping?

Parent-adolescent relationships support the development of adolescent coping styles, but this support may be impacted by parent and adolescent gender, as well as by the presence of anxiety symptoms. This study examined the moderating role of adolescent anxiety symptoms for the longitudinal relationship between adolescent–parent communication with mothers and fathers and adolescent coping styles. Surveys were administered to 1034 high school students (Mage = 16.16, SD = 0.75; 55% girls; 58% White) in the spring of 2007 (T1) and spring of 2008 (T2). Results indicated that adolescent–mother communication positively predicted the development of coping styles, particularly for boys’ emotion-focused coping styles. In contrast, adolescent–father communication negatively predicted some emotion-focused coping styles for boys, including venting coping, emotional social support seeking coping, and religious coping. Adolescent–father communication did not predict any coping styles for girls. Anxiety moderated relationships, such that adolescent–mother communication positively predicted the development of girls’ and boys’ coping styles only in the context of low anxiety symptoms. For boys, adolescent–father communication predicted more venting coping and religious coping when adolescent anxiety symptoms were high. These findings point to complex gender differences in the social development of adolescent coping styles, and these findings underscore the need to examine parent and adolescent gender differences.

Effect of Social Comparison Orientation and Stress Coping Styles on Job-Seeking Stress of University Students Preparing for Employment

This study examined the effects of social comparison orientation and stress coping styles on job-seeking stress experienced by university students. The participants of this study were 324 junior and senior students (151 males and 173 females) from six universities located in Seoul who were preparing for employment. They were asked to respond to a written questionnaire to measure research variables for the Job-Seeking Stress Scale, the Social Comparison Orientation Scale, and the Ways of Coping Checklist. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and a hierarchical multiple regression. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, social comparison orientation had a positive effect on job-seeking stress of university students, revealing that students with a high level of social comparison orientation were more likely to experience job-seeking stress. Second, both emotion-alleviation coping style and wishful thinking coping style increased level of job-seeking stress. In addition, problem-focused coping style had a negative influence on job-seeking stress, whereas social support seeking coping style had no significant effect on it. The results suggested that it would be possible to reduce job-seeking stress of university students by changing either social comparison or stress coping style.

A Study on Personality types of University Students and Parent-Adolescent Communication, Daily Stress and Stress Coping Strategies

Background/Objectives: Many studies imply that characteristics of personality and physical and psychological resources of individuals influence personal stress, stress coping, and communication. Methods/Statistical analysis: A survey with the random sampling method the structural questionnaires. Among a total of 200 questionnaires, 194 questionnaires were used for analysis except 6 ones with false entries. For analyzing the data collected in this study, frequency analysis, t-test and Pearson’s correlation analysis were conducted using the SPSS Win 18.0 program. Findings: First, parent-adolescent closed communication was used a lot in introversionand introversion used avoidance-focused coping methods and extroversion used social support-seeking coping methods and problem solving-based coping methods. Second, there was a positive correlation between closed communication with parents and all the stress factors and closed communication with parents had a positive correlation with avoidance-focused coping methods. Third, closed communication of mothers affected daily stress among extroverted university students, and closed communication of fathers, social support-seeking coping methods, and avoidance-focused coping methods had effect on daily stress among introverted students. Improvements/Applications: It is considered that this study has significance by analyzing types of personality, communication and stress coping methods, and daily stress among university students that have not yet been researched from diverse angles.

Does school satisfaction predict coping? A short‐term longitudinal examination in early adolescents

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis of school satisfaction being an antecedent to social coping behaviors in early adolescents (N = 892) using a two‐wave cross‐lagged panel design. We also explored the possible bidirectional relations between school satisfaction and social coping behaviors. Four types of social coping behaviors in peer conflict contexts included social support seeking, self‐reliance, internalizing behaviors, and externalizing behaviors. The findings showed that school satisfaction significantly predicted three of the four coping behaviors (social support seeking, self‐reliance, and externalizing behaviors) in the expected directions. Among all the social coping behaviors, only social support seeking significantly predicted school satisfaction over time. Taken together, the results suggest that school satisfaction may be an antecedent that predicts most social coping behaviors in early adolescents. Furthermore, the relations between social support seeking coping and school satisfaction appeared to be reciprocal. Implications, especially the importance of monitoring students’ school satisfaction, are discussed.

Psychological and genetic risk factors associated with suicidal behavior in Korean patients with mood disorders

To prevent suicide, a nationwide important issue in Korea, understanding its etiology is essential. This study aimed to delineate the risk factors for suicidal behavior in mood disorder patients in Korea. 216 patients with mood disorders were recruited. We measured suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) history and the association of six gene polymorphisms with SB: COMT (rs4680), HTR1A (rs6295), TPH1 (rs1800532), BDNF (rs6265), SLC1A3 (rs2269272), and SLC1A2 (rs4755404). Patients in the high-SI and SA groups reported more severe depressive, hopelessness, and anxiety symptoms and lower resilience and used less social support-seeking coping than those in the non-significant SI and non-SA groups. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that depressive disorder, depressive symptoms, poor social support, and less social support-seeking coping were significant independent predictors of suicidal ideation. After adjustment for covariates, age, alcohol consumption, and the rs4680 AA genotype in the COMT gene were associated with suicide attempt. The modest sample size and a relatively few candidate genes are limitations of the study. In addition, there is no normal control group and the retrospective evaluation of SA limits the interpretation of the causal relationship with factors affecting SA. Suicidal behavior in Korean patients with mood disorders may be associated with younger age, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, poor social support, less social support-seeking coping, and the COMT rs4680 Met/Met genotype.

Family burden, child disability, and the adjustment of mothers caring for children with epilepsy: Role of social support and coping

This study was designed to contribute to the existing research on the coping behaviors, social support, and mental health outcomes in parents of children with epilepsy in the United States. Participants included 152, predominantly Caucasian (89.5%), married (78.9%) women (95.4%). Via a web-based interface, mothers completed questionnaires assessing the impact of their child's disability on their family (i.e., severity of their child's disability, family burden, and personal stress), social resources (i.e., perceived social support), coping (i.e., emotion-focused and social support seeking), and adjustment (i.e., depression and anxiety). After controlling for demographic variables, mediational analysis revealed that mothers' perceptions of the severity of their child's disability were associated with decreased perceived social support, which was then related to higher reported levels of depression and anxiety. Similarly, low levels of perceived social support partially mediated the relation between family burden and depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally, mothers' perceptions of the severity of their children's disability and family burden were unrelated to their reports of emotion-focused or social support seeking coping. However, their use of emotion-focused and social support seeking behaviors was related to lower levels of depression. Low levels of perceived social support may help to explain the mechanisms underlying the relation between mothers' perceptions of the severity of their child's disability and family burden on their mental health adjustment, such as depression and anxiety.

Gait characterization in children with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita, using a modified GPS: The body profile score (BPS)

This study was designed to contribute to the existing research on the coping behaviors, social support, and mental health outcomes in parents of children with epilepsy in the United States.Participants included 152, predominantly Caucasian (89.5%), married (78.9%) women (95.4%). Via a web-based interface, mothers completed questionnaires assessing the impact of their child's disability on their family (i.e., severity of their child's disability, family burden, and personal stress), social resources (i.e., perceived social support), coping (i.e., emotion-focused and social support seeking), and adjustment (i.e., depression and anxiety).After controlling for demographic variables, mediational analysis revealed that mothers' perceptions of the severity of their child's disability were associated with decreased perceived social support, which was then related to higher reported levels of depression and anxiety. Similarly, low levels of perceived social support partially mediated the relation between family burden and depression, anxiety, and stress. Finally, mothers' perceptions of the severity of their children's disability and family burden were unrelated to their reports of emotion-focused or social support seeking coping. However, their use of emotion-focused and social support seeking behaviors was related to lower levels of depression.Low levels of perceived social support may help to explain the mechanisms underlying the relation between mothers' perceptions of the severity of their child's disability and family burden on their mental health adjustment, such as depression and anxiety.

A Study of Emotional Intelligence and Coping Strategies in Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Emotional intelligence (EI) has been highlighted as an important theoretical and practical construct. The attributes of EI are important for overall well-being and influence our ability to succeed in life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the emotional intelligences and coping strategies in nursing students. The participants were 219 college students in Daejeon, Korea. All the students were administered two instruments, the EI and Korea version in coping strategy Indicator (KCSI) scale. Descriptive statistics t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations technique were used to analyze the data with the SPSS Win 15.0 programs. Emotional intelligence was positively related to problem solving coping and social support seeking coping. The findings suggest that increased feelings of control and emotional competence assist nursing students to adopt active and effective coping strategies when dealing with stress.

일부지역 치위생과 학생들의 자기효능감 및 스트레스 대처방식

Objectives : The purpose of the study was to investigate the effective coping management of stress towards self-efficacy in students of dental hygiene department. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by the students of dental hygiene department in Daegu from April to May, 2013. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were analyzed using SAS (version 9.2) for statistics. Results : The overall stress coping score was 2.54. Problem-focused coping was 2.50, and social support-seeking coping was 2.60 in active coping. Emotional coping was 2.29, and hopeful thinking coping was 2.76 in passive coping. The level of self-efficacy according to general characteristics varied significantly depending on grade, satisfaction with major, subjective health status and smoking status. The stress coping methods according to general characteristics varied significantly depending on academic achievement and satisfaction with major. The results showed that the level of self-efficacy was associated with stress-coping methods. Conclusions : Self-efficacy of students of dental hygiene department was associated with stress coping methods. It is necessary to develop the programs for stress coping to increase self-efficacy.

Social Coping and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents

This study examined the relationships among early adolescent social coping behavior and measures of subjective well-being, specifically global life satisfaction and friend satisfaction. A total of 1,011 students in grades 7–8 at a southeastern US middle school completed measures of global life satisfaction, friend satisfaction and coping, on two occasions, 5 months apart. Social support seeking coping behavior at Time 1, but not problem-solving, distancing, internalizing or externalizing coping behaviors at Time 1, uniquely predicted global life satisfaction and friend satisfaction at Time 2. Implications for research and promoting adolescent well-being are discussed.