Social Service Centers Research Articles

Assessment of motor activity of knowledge workers (on the example of employees of social service centers)

Introduction. The work of many employees in the service sector is associated with a constant stay in a forced working position sitting at the computer for up to 60-80% of the time of the entire work shift, which leads to fatigue. The rate of fatigue depends on the specifics of work: it is much more likely to occur when working with monotony, muscle tension. An important role in the appearance of fatigue is also played by the attitude of a person to the work performed. The aim of study is to study the motor activity of knowledge workers in social service centers for the development of preventive measures aimed at reducing hypokinesia and hypodynamia during the work shift. Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: questionnaire and working day timing, calculation methods to determine whether the actual body weight corresponds to the ideal one using the Broka’s index and the Ketle’s index. The study involved employees of the integrated social service center "Raduga" in Bugulma. Results. An assessment of the motor activity of employees of the social service center of the population was made, and it was concluded that the problem of hypokinesia and hypodynamia is relevant and significant for employees of social service centers of the population both in their daily activities and during the work shift. Most of the employees showed an increase in actual body weight compared to the ideal one, which is to some extent due to hypokinesia and hypodynamia both during the working day and at home. Conclusions. Preventive measures aimed at compliance with the principles of rational nutrition and a healthy lifestyle, work and rest regimes, high-quality preliminary and periodic medical examinations are proposed.

Inteligencia emocional y felicidad subjetiva en estudiantes de Trabajo Social

La felicidad subjetiva es uno de los indicadores de la calidad de vida laboral más importantes en Trabajo Social, que depende del desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre inteligencia emocional (atención, claridad y reparación emocional) y felicidad subjetiva en una muestra de 187 estudiantes de Trabajo Social del sur de España (Edad media = 20.38 años, 89.30% mujeres), usando un diseño transversal y mediante el uso de cuestionarios. Mayores niveles de felicidad subjetiva se asociaron positiva y significativamente con mayores puntuaciones en claridad y reparación emocional, pero no con atención. La formación debería otorgar mayor peso a la inteligencia emocional. El desarrollo de la inteligencia emocional por medio de cursos implementados en facultades y en centros de servicios sociales posibilitaría a estudiantes y profesionales de Trabajo Social adquirir mecanismos de afrontamiento más eficaces y, por tanto, aumentar su felicidad y calidad de vida.

Geographic proximity to neighborhood resources and depression among older adults in South Korea

Objectives Older adults are closely connected to their neighborhoods and they spend more time there than younger adults. Because their mobility is often impeded by diminished health and functioning, access to neighborhood health and social services is essential for their well-being. This article examines whether geographic proximity to these types of neighborhood resources is associated with depression among older adults in South Korea. Methods Data are from A Profile of Older Adults: 2015 which sampled 1,455 community-dwelling individuals ages 60 and older in South Korea. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression, the outcome. We measured geographic proximity to neighborhood destinations, which included the time it takes the respondent to go to the grocery store, hospital, government office, senior center, social service center, and bus stop. We conducted latent profile analyses (LPA) with a distal outcome using the BCH method to determine whether geographic proximity to neighborhood resources is associated with depression. Results The LPA identified three distinct subgroups of geographic proximity to neighborhood resources: High Access (10%), Moderate Access (41%), and Low Access (49%). Low Access (b = 3.71, p < .001) and Moderate Access (b = 3.00, p < .001) groups had higher levels of depression compared to those in the High Access group. Discussion Our findings suggest that access to essential services in one’s neighborhood is associated with lower levels of depression, which supports existing evidence that age-friendly community initiatives are important to older adults’ psychological well-being.

FEATURES OF PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES IN UKRAINE

The aim of the article is to consider the issue of functioning of social services in Ukraine, in particular the peculiarities of their provision. The urgency of the topic is due to the existing dissonance between the spectrum of social services declared in regulations and the mechanism of their implementation and the actual state of the issue. In addition, the phenomena of decentralization and deinstitutionalization have significantly affected the sphere of social services. Adjustments are made in the conditions of a quarantine mode through Covid-19. Research methods used: analysis of current legal documents, review, systematization and generalization of data published on the official website of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine on the functioning of mechanisms for providing social services, method of analysis of current scientific research on the topic were involved. As a result of the research, the modern legal framework for the provision of social services is analyzed; the range of innovations concerning the specified volume of each kind of social service is defined. A range of problems that need to be addressed urgently has been identified. In particular, the declarative nature of the content of social services, ie large differences between the statutory scope of the service and its functioning in practice due to lack of funding and lack of practical mechanisms for implementing the statutory social package. Immediate correction is also required for the uneven quantitative distribution of social service centers according to the population of the region; low level of involvement of volunteer, public organizations and the business sphere in the functioning of the social sphere of the state as a whole; lack of effective models of interaction between them.

Центры социального обслуживания как агенты цифровой социализации людей старшего возраста: на примере организации курсов компьютерной грамотности

The paper reveals the essence and significance of digital socialization of older people, the importance of overcoming social exclusion by older citizens in terms of access to digital technologies. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the role of social service centers for the population, which act as agents of digital socialization of older people (based on the materials of a sociological study). The objects of the study were elderly people receiving social services in the Primorsky Center for Social Services of the Population, and senior citizens who were trained in computer literacy courses. The authors set the fol-lowing tasks: to determine elderly people’s interest in mastering computer literacy and how effective the “Internet ABC” program is. In addition, it was sup-posed to establish the importance of integrated cen-ters of social services for the population in ensuring computer literacy of pensioners. As a result of a sociological study, it was found that older people show a significant interest in modern information technologies. Computer courses organized on the basis of the center for social services help elderly people to get information about state and municipal services, work with the websites of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insur-ance Fund, Public Services and Multifunctional Cen-ter.

Museums and the older generation

The “Museum StarTrack” project was launched in Moscow, which aims to unite the efforts of museum workers and employees of social service centers in working with the older generation. One of the first stages of the project was the holding of a practical conference “Museums and the Older Generation: The Practice of Participation in the Age of Social Challenges”, the main theses of which are set out in this article.

Integrating health and social care in Brazil

Abstract Integrating health and social care is now a high priority for public health policy in high-income countries. It has received much less attention in low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. There is particular value in assessing the potential to integrate care services for older adults, given the speed of population ageing in LMICs. The presentation provides findings of process and impact evaluations of novel local government initiatives to integrate care for older people in Brazil (drawing on a study co-funded by the UK MRC and CONFAP Brazil). Programa Maior Cuidado (PMC) was established in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte in 2011. It is jointly managed by the departments of health and of social assistance and involves close community-level collaboration between health posts and neighbourhood social service centres. A key element of PMC is the provision of paid trained lay carers to support family care for dependent older people in socially vulnerable families. We will present findings on the implementation process and operation of PMC, as well as its effects on the following outcomes of interest: reduced unnecessary hospitalisations, enhanced health status for older people and reduced care burden for family carers. Quasi-experimental analysis using spatial-based Propensity Score Matching shows promising results in terms of increasing planned attentions as well as access to rehabilitation services, which confirms the ability of the Program to improve interface with health services avoiding unplanned unnecessary attentions We will examine the implementation of similar interventions in other Brazilian cities, including Fortaleza and Contagem, and will study the role of national and international processes in dissemination, knowledge sharing and agenda-setting. Key messages The presentation provides findings of process and impact evaluations of novel local government initiatives to integrate care for older people in Brazil. Programme under evaluation lead to interesting outcomes of interest: reduced unnecessary hospitalisations, enhanced health status for older people and reduced care burden for family carers.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЫ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

The article is devoted to the problem of personal changes in social specialists in the process of performing professional activities. The results of a questionnaire survey of specialists from the Regional Center for Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens on the assessment of the characteristics of the manifestation of emotional burnout syndrome are presented. The professional activity of specialists in the social sphere leads to both positive and negative changes in professional activity. On the one hand, social workers are characterized by an increased level of anxiety and anxiety, emotional and psychological stress, stress, low wages, negativism on the part of clients, a lack of understanding of the importance of their professional activities, and a high degree of responsibility. On the other hand, they are distinguished by active life position, social optimism, harmonious development of physical and intellectual abilities. It is concluded that it is necessary to introduce technologies for the prevention of burnout syndrome for employees of a social service institution.

Modern aspects of social protection of combatants depending on the severity of disability

The urgency of the problem is due to the significant increase in recent years in the number of young and middle-aged people who have passed the war, the need to develop adequate measures of social assistance and protection. An important task in the organization of the rehabilitation process is to determine the structure of the needs of servicemen with disabilities in various types of medical and social care and the development of individual rehabilitation programs (IRP) based on them. The purpose of the study: to determine the structure of the needs of servicemen with disabilities in medical and social rehabilitation depending on the severity of disability. Statistical data from 25 administrative territories of Ukraine for 2018 are analyzed, the needs of participants of military service with disabilities in medical and social rehabilitation measures, their structure are calculated. The data of the information base of the centers and the bureau of medical and social examination of the regions were used. Processing of the primary material was performed using the universal statistical package "Excel". In 2018, medical and social expert commissions (MSEC) of Ukraine for the first time and re-certified and recognized persons with disabilities 7843 combatants. Of these, disability of group I (IA and IB) was established in 2.6 %, II – in 29.2 %, III – in 68.2 % of cases. All victims for MSEC were formed IRP. The dependence of the needs of combatants in medical and social rehabilitation measures on the severity of disability has been established. For persons with disabilities of groups II and III, priority is given to medical and professional rehabilitation, group I – social rehabilitation and technical means of rehabilitation with medical support. Of the medical rehabilitation services for persons with II and III groups of disability, sanatorium treatment is significant, and group I – rehabilitation therapy. Among vocational rehabilitation services, employment in production conditions is important – for persons with group III disabilities, in specially created conditions – for persons with group II disabilities, at home – for persons with group I disabilities. Vocational training was offered to a small number of people with disabilities of all groups. Among social rehabilitation services and technical means of rehabilitation, the services of social workers of territorial social service centers were significant for representatives of all disability groups, simpler means of transportation for persons of group III disability and more complex means for persons of group I. Determining the characteristics of the needs of servicemen with disabilities depending on its severity allows MSEC specialists to better form the IRP, develop targeted rehabilitation programs at the regional level, assess shortcomings in the organization of the rehabilitation process and build a rehabilitation system for combatants.

Prevention of domestic violence against the elderly

Domestic violence is one of the most common forms of human rights violations. Illegal actions against a family member are in most cases accompanied by acts of aggression, humiliation and abuse. Such actions by the abuser lead to a negative physical, mental and social health of the victim or several members of the family. As a rule, women, children and the elderly suffer the most from domestic violence.&#x0D; The state is the main actor in combating violence, and public authorities should help to create the environment of non-violence by taking the necessary measures and creating the system of protection of victims, punishment of perpetrators and prevention of violence.&#x0D; Despite the existing regulatory provision in the field of combating and protecting the rights and interests of victims of domestic violence, as well as a wide range of scientific papers focused on various aspects in this area, the problem of domestic violence remains relevant and needs theoretical clarification and justification.&#x0D; The purpose of the article is to determine the causes of the origin of domestic violence against the elderly, to analyze the forms for the commission of violence against persons of this category, to focus on the wide scale of this issue, preventive measures and the need to create an information base (statistics) of victims. The introduction of an information database (statistics accounting) of victims suffered from domestic violence will ensure unimpeded access for employees of the National Police, territorial centers of social services and medical institutions to information about the victims. Inquiries and reports will make it possible to quickly and efficiently update the information and keep differentiated statistical records of such persons.

MODELS OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THIRD AGE GROUPSIN UKRAINE

The article describes the types of services within the framework of social services (social and household, psychological, socio-economic, social-medical, social-pedagogical, informational, legal). The international classification of the period of gerontogenesis is presented: old age, old age, age of longevity. The legal base of social protection, assistance and service of the elderly is analyzed. Three models of social service (stationary, semi-stationary, non-stationary) are substantiated and their detailed characteristics are presented. The purpose of urgent social services is described and comparative analysis of urgent and non-urgent social services is carried out. To date, there are three models of social care for the elderly in Ukraine: inpatient, semi-stationary and non-stationary. The fixed model of social service provides the provision of social services in specialized homes, boarding homes, and boarding houses for veterans of labor and disabilities, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, single persons and certain professional categories of the elderly and the like. The following basic types of social services are provided during inpatient care: material and household; catering, leisure and leisure services; social-medical and social-hygiene services; assisting in the education or profession of persons with disabilities in accordance with their physical abilities and mental abilities; legal services; assistance in the organization of funeral services. The semi-stationary model of social service provides the provision of services in day and night wards, rehabilitation centers, medical and social wards, and social service centers. The main types of services provided in semi-permanent institutions are: social and household; psychological; social and pedagogical; social and medical; socio-economic; legal; informational. Non-stationary model of social service is a social service at a place of residence, urgent social service, social-counseling help, social-psychological help. , industrial and food necessities; assistance in obtaining medical assistance, escort to a medical institution, hospitals polyclinics; assistance in the organization of legal and other legal forms of assistance; maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements; promoting the organization of funeral services; organization of various social and household services, depending on living conditions; assistance with paperwork; placement in inpatient social care facilities.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ІНСТИТУТУ УСИНОВЛЕННЯ ПІД ЧАС ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article deals with the main problems of state regulation of the institution of adoption during the economic crisis in Ukraine. These include: corruption in public authorities; adoption bureaucracy; bad faith on the part of state bodies in the field of adoption; imperfection of the national regulatory framework in the field of adoption; insufficient funding for training of potential adopters. The ways of solving the following problems are proposed: implementation of a transparent adoption procedure; coordinating the actions of public administration entities in the field of adoption; creating a clear mechanism for implementing the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of adoption; the delegation from the centers of social services of some powers in the field of adoption to public organizations; attraction of charitable contributions to the account of public organizations active in the field of social protection; improving legal liability for adoption violations.

Monitoring of Corporate Culture Formation of Specialists of Social Institutions

The theoretical approaches to define the scientific definition in the sociological, economic, psychological and pedagogical contexts have been analyzed. The corporate culture of a social institution is understood as a system of collective norms, beliefs, values and traditions of joint activity of employees, aimed at achieving the strategic goals of the organization. Based on the results of using standardized methods, the conducted monitoring research reflects the role of corporate culture for a high-quality social employees‟ activity in general, and helps to determine the level of its formation among specialists who work for social services. The diagnostic study was carried out on the basis of seven city centers of social services for families, children and youth from different regions of Ukraine. The object of the study were 78 employees. The diagnostics of formation of corporate culture was performed using the methodology of Ladanov (1997), as well as methods developed by Cameron and Quinn (2011), Denison, Hofstede (2004), Solomandina. The results of the diagnostic analysis have shown a medium level of corporate culture formation among the employees of social institutions.

Music and video music therapy are effective in reducing stress among elderly at Yogyakarta Social Service Center of Tresna Werdha, Abiyoso Pakem Unit, Sleman regency

Background: The elderly will experience several physical and psychological changes. Such problems will inevitably lead to stress in the elderly. The prevalence of stress events in the elderly in Indonesia is 8.34% and at Yogyakarta Social Service Center of Tresna Werdha, Abiyoso Pakem Unit, Sleman is 38.4%. If left unchecked, stress can result in a prolonged depression. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of music and music video on stress in the elderly at Yogyakarta Social Service Center of Tresna Werdha, Abiyoso Pakem Unit, Sleman.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with Pre-and Post-test without control design were conducted. The number of respondents was 24, whereas taken by Simple Random Sampling approach. The music intervention was given to the 12 respondents and music video intervention to the 12 respondents. Stress was measured using DASS. Data were analyzed using paired T-test to determine the effectiveness of therapy and Independent T-test to evaluate the differences in therapy using SPSS version 17 for Windows.Results: Based on age, the respondents with 60-74 years were predominant (83.3%). Most of the respondents were female (79.2%). The analysis using Paired T-test indicated that there was a significant relationship of music therapy on the elderly (P&lt;0.05). In addition, a significant result in reducing stress was also found in the music-video group on the elderly (P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Music and music video therapies are effective to reduce stress in the elderly.

Assessing Knowledge, Physician Interactions and Patient-Reported Barriers to Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Arab Americans in Dearborn, Michigan.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths among men and women in the United States (Haggar and Boushey in Clin Colon Rectal Surg 22:191-197, 2009). Screening tests have shown to be successful at early detection of precancerous polyps. Between 2000 and 2010, there was a 72% growth in the population that identifies having an Arabic-speaking ancestry (Arab American Institute in https://www.aaiusa.org/demographics , 2011). Despite this, little research has been conducted to assess this unique community's knowledge regarding CRC. Given that low screening rates can be attributed to lack of knowledge, this study was designed to address CRC knowledge and screening barriers in an Arab American community. Between February 2016 and June 2017, an anonymous survey was conducted in English or Arabic among 131 patients from cancer programs at the Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services (ACCESS) in Dearborn, MI. Program participants were expected to have greater insight and awareness about cancer risk than the general population. Knowledge deficiencies surrounding CRC and the screening process were identified. 70% of participants did not know what a colon polyp is and over 89% were not aware of their individual risk for CRC. 45.8% have never had a CRC screening and leading barriers included screening costs, lack of health insurance, and lack of advice by physicians. The goal of this study was to serve as a tool to healthcare providers by identifying evident gaps in medical knowledge surrounding CRC. In order to help better serve and educate patients, healthcare providers and community organizations are encouraged to fight the stigma and help to reduce misunderstandings.

Порівняльний аналіз соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, в Україні та Республіці Польща

У статті досліджується питання соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, що є позбавленими батьківського піклування. Здійснюється порівняльний аналіз основних ключових аспектів соціального захисту досліджуваних верств населення в Україні та Республіці Польща. Акцентується увага на основних нормативно-правових актах в Україні та Республіці Польща щодо соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, що є позбавленими батьківського піклування. Виділено основні, необхідні для України заходи щодо соціального захисту дітей-сиріт та дітей, що є позбавленими батьківського піклування.

Ефективність управління розвитком професійної компетентності фахівців центрів соціальних служб

Ефективність управління розвитком професійної компетентності фахівців центрів соціальних служб

Geographical accessibility of community social services and incidence of self-harm

ObjectiveThe study aimed to explore the association between area-based coverage of community services and the incidence of self-harm, which will provide an evaluation framework for the support of self-harm. MethodsEnhanced two-Step floating catchment area method was used to estimate the centersto- population ratio and geographical accessibility adjusted by a distance-decay function. Spearman's rank coefficient was used to examine the association between the self-harm rate and adjusted accessibility index. ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between the accessibility index and selfharm rate in youth (rho = −0.87, P < 0.01) and older adults (rho = −0.87, P < 0.01). The survival curves showed no relationship between self-harm repetition and service accessibility in youth or older adults. ConclusionsThe uneven spatial accessibility of community social service centers and the independence between spatial accessibility and self-harm highlights the need to explore personal barriers to community service utilization.

ВПЛИВ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ ТРЕТЬОГО ВІКУ НА ПСИХОФІЗИЧНУ АКТИВНІСТЬ ОСІБ СТАРШОГО ПОКОЛІННЯ

Мета. Визначити можливості впливу інтеграції університетів третього віку в освітнє середовище на психофізичний стан осіб старшого покоління Методи. Під час дослідження використовувалианаліз наукових джерел, методи теоретичної інтерпретації (аналіз, синтез, індукція, дедукція, узагальнення), соціологічні методи (анкетування). Дослідження проводилося на базі “Університету третього віку” на базі Чернівецького комунального територіального центру соціального обслуговування “Турбота” та Чернівецькому університеті третього віку імені А. Кольпінга. У соціологічному опитуванні прийняло участь 103 особи. Результати. Означено дві моделі діяльності УТВ, які функціонують в Україні, виокремлено основні функції, які виконує освіта в житті старшого покоління, виділено засоби, які сприяють процесу розвитку старших людей у стінах УТВ, виявлено соціальні функції УТВ. Під час соціологічного дослідження виявлені провідні мотиви відвідування університету людьми похилого віку. Розкрито основні форми інтелектуальної активізації людей похилого віку в УТВ. Висновок. Відвідування університетів третього віку позитивно позначається на фізичному й емоційному стані людей старшої вікової групи, проте для отримання таких результатів потрібно від 5 до 10 років навчання. Прогнози вказують на те, що популярність навчання в цих університетах буде зростати, оскільки постійно підвищується освітній рівень осіб старшої вікової групи. Це актуалізує проблему подальшої інтеграції їх в освітній простір, особливо в аспекті рекреаційно-оздоровчої діяльності.Ключові слова: університет третього віку, похилий вік, психофізичний стан.

Institutional context: What elements shape how community occupational therapists think about their clients' care?

Clinical reasoning (CR) is the cognitive process that therapists use to plan, direct, perform and reflect on client care. Linked to intervention efficiency and quality, CR is a core competency that occurs within an institutional context (legal, regulatory, administrative and organisational elements). Because this context can shape how community therapists think about their clients' care, its involvement in their CR could have a major impact on the interventions delivered. However, little is known about this involvement. Our study thus aimed to describe the elements of the institutional context involved in community therapists' CR. From March 2012 to June 2014, we conducted an institutional ethnography (IE) inquiry in three Health and Social Services Centres in Québec (Canada). We observed participants and conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 occupational therapists. We also interviewed 12 secondary key informants (colleagues and managers) and collected administrative documents (n=50). We analysed data using the IE process. Of the 13 elements of the institutional context identified, we found that four are almost constantly involved in participants' CR. These four elements, that is, institutional procedures, organisation's basket of services, occupational therapists' mandate and wait times for their services, restrictively shape CR. Specifically, occupational therapists restrict their representation of the client's situation and exploration of potential solutions to what is possible within the bounds of these four elements. In light of such restrictions on the way they think about their clients' care, therapists should pay close attention to the elements of their own institutional context and how they are involved in their CR. Because of its potentially important impact on the future of professions (e.g. further restrictions on professionals' role, reduced contribution to population health and well-being), this involvement of the institutional context in CR concerns all professionals, be they clinicians, educators, researchers or regulatory college officers.